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1、从属结构（二）从属结构（二）非限定性分句非限定性分句 （Non-finite Clause）1苍松课资一一. 不定式分句的句法功能不定式分句的句法功能subject主语：主语：To accept the job would mean moving to Florida.Object & object complement：He promised to stop taking drugs.I advised him to take a taxi, or he might be late.2苍松课资adverbial（目的、结果、原因）：（目的、结果、原因）：表示目的表示目的He opened t
2、he window (so as / in order) to get some fresh air.表示结果表示结果It was too cold for us to go out.He hurried home only to find that his father was dead.表示原因表示原因I am delighted to know that you have got a job.I trembled to think of the misfortune.3苍松课资二、二、-ing分词分句的句法功能分词分句的句法功能Generally speaking, this book
3、is not very difficult.subjectFlying a plane is dangerous.objectI like getting up early.Object complementI taught him speaking English.4苍松课资作时间状语作时间状语Climbing to the top of the tower, we saw a magnificent view.作原因状语作原因状语Being a hardworking young man, he is praised by all his fellow workers.作条件状语作条件状语
4、You will make yourself more tired, keeping on your feet.5苍松课资作让步状语作让步状语Knowing all this , they still insisted on my paying for the damage.作结果状语作结果状语It rained heavily, causing severe flooding in that area.6苍松课资三、三、-ed分词分句的句法功能分词分句的句法功能作后置定语作后置定语One of the houses wrecked by the storm belonged to my gr
5、andfather.作时间状语作时间状语Heated, the metal expands.作原因状语作原因状语Deeply moved, he thanked her again and again.7苍松课资作条件状语作条件状语United, we stand; divided, we fall.表示伴随状况表示伴随状况He went to Beijing that winter, disguised as merchant.8苍松课资作让步状语作让步状语Beaten by the police and sent to jail, Gandhi （甘地）（甘地）invented the p
6、rinciple of nonviolent resistance.(非暴力抵抗主义非暴力抵抗主义)莫罕达斯莫罕达斯卡拉姆昌德卡拉姆昌德甘地甘地（英文：Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi；1869年10月2日1948年1月30日），尊称圣雄圣雄甘地甘地，是印度民族主义运动和国大党领袖。他既是印度的国父，也是印度最伟大的政治领袖。他带领国家迈向独立，脱离英国的殖民统治。他的“非暴力反抗”的主张，也就是他说的“nonviolent protest”，影响了全世界的民族主义者和那些争取和平变革的国际运动。 9苍松课资四、无动词分句四、无动词分句无动词分句，就结构模式来说，分为不带从
7、无动词分句，就结构模式来说，分为不带从属连词、带有从属连词和带有自己主语三类属连词、带有从属连词和带有自己主语三类:1.不带从属连词的无动词分句不带从属连词的无动词分句由形容词表示：由形容词表示：Speechless, Victor Henry nodded and sat on a folding seat.Right or wrong, I have given him a piece of mind (坦率的话，心里话坦率的话，心里话).10苍松课资由名词词组表示：由名词词组表示：Bank loan or no bank loan, well buy the house.2. 带有从属连
8、词的无动词分句：带有从属连词的无动词分句：从属连词从属连词+名词词组名词词组Whatever the reason, his sincerity to her won him a friend.11苍松课资从属连词从属连词+形容词词组形容词词组Although always helpful, he was not much liked by the people.从属连词从属连词+介词词组介词词组Whether by accident or by design, he arrived too late to help us.从属连词从属连词+副词词组副词词组He spoke ungraciou
9、sly（没教养地）（没教养地） , if not rudely.12苍松课资3. 带有自己主语的无动词分句带有自己主语的无动词分句带有自己主语的无动词分句也是一种带有自己主语的无动词分句也是一种“独立独立结构结构”。构成：名词词组构成：名词词组+名词词组名词词组 /介词词组介词词组 / 形容形容词词组词词组 / 副词词组副词词组Two hundred people died in the accident, many of them children.Breakfast over, he went to his counting house.13苍松课资五、独立结构五、独立结构absolute
10、 construction独立主格结构有两部分组成，前一部份是独立主格结构有两部分组成，前一部份是名词或者代词名词或者代词(主语主语)，后一部分是非谓语动词，后一部分是非谓语动词(不定式、不定式、-ing分词、分词、-ed分词分词)（非限定分句非限定分句）或形容词、副词、或介词短语（或形容词、副词、或介词短语（无动词分句无动词分句）。前后两部分具有。前后两部分具有逻辑主谓关系逻辑主谓关系。独立主格。独立主格结构在句中做结构在句中做状语状语，多用于书面语。，多用于书面语。 独立主格结构本身不是完整的句子，在句独立主格结构本身不是完整的句子，在句子中作状语，表示子中作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、伴
11、随、时间、原因、条件、伴随、目的目的等。等。14苍松课资表示时间表示时间The meeting being over, all of us went home. 开完会后我们都回家了。开完会后我们都回家了。 Her work done, she sat down for a cup of tea. 她干完了活，坐下来喝茶。她干完了活，坐下来喝茶。表示条件表示条件The condition being favorable, he may succeed. 若条件有利，他或许能成功。若条件有利，他或许能成功。15苍松课资表示原因There being no taxis, we had to wal
12、k. 没有出租车，我们只好步行。 He wrapped her up with great care, the night being dark and frosty. 夜又黑又冷，所以他把她裹得严严实实的。表示伴随情况Almost all metals are good conductors, silver being the best of all. 几乎所有的金属都是良导体，而银则是最好的导体。16苍松课资独立结构独立结构(无动词结构无动词结构):主语主语+形容词形容词An air accident happened to the plane, nobody alive. 那架飞机遭遇了
13、空难，无一人生还。那架飞机遭遇了空难，无一人生还。 So many people absent, the meeting had to be called off. 这么多人缺席，会议不得不取消。这么多人缺席，会议不得不取消。主语主语+副词副词He put on his sweater wrong side out. 他把毛衣穿反了。他把毛衣穿反了。The meeting over, they all went home. 会议一结束，他们就都回家了。会议一结束，他们就都回家了。17苍松课资主语主语+介词短语介词短语The boy goes to the classroom, book in
14、hand. 那男孩手里拿着书去教室。那男孩手里拿着书去教室。 Mary was sitting near the fire, her back towards the door. 玛丽靠近火炉坐着，背对着门。玛丽靠近火炉坐着，背对着门。18苍松课资There being +名词（代词）名词（代词）There being nothing else to do, we went home. 没有别的事可做，我们就回家了。 There being no further business, I declare the meeting closed. 没有再要讨论的事了，我宣布散会。 It being
15、+名词（代词）名词（代词）It being Christmas, the government offices were closed. 由于圣诞节的缘故，政府机关都休息了。It being a holiday, all the shops were shut. 由于今天是假日，所有商店都关门了。 19苍松课资独立主格结构可装换成with复合结构： 由介词with或without+复合结构构成，复合结构作介词with或without的复合宾语，复合宾语中第一部分宾语由名词名词或代词代词充当，第二部分补足语补足语由形容词形容词、副词副词、介词短语介词短语、动词不定式动词不定式或分词分词充当，分词
16、可以是现在现在分词分词，也可以是过去分词过去分词： 1.with或without-名词/代词+形容词； 2.with或without-名词/代词+副词； 3.with或without-名词/代词+介词短语； 4.with或without-名词/代词 +动词不定式； 5.with或without-名词/代词 +分词。 20苍松课资Dont sleep with the windows open. He was lying on the bed with all his clothes on.She came in with a book in her hand. He fell asleep w
17、ith the lamp burning. I wont be able to go on holiday with my mother being ill. He sat there with his eyes closed. All the afternoon he worked with the door locked. I cant go out with all these clothes to wash.21苍松课资Not far from the school there was a garden, _owner seated in it playing chess with h
18、is little grandson every afternoon. A.its B. whose C. which D. that He wrote a lot of novels, many of _ translated into foreign languages. A.it B. them C.which D. that He wrote a lot of novels, many of _ were translated into foreign languages.A. it B. them C. which D. that BAC22苍松课资 He wrote a lot o
19、f novels, and many of _ were translated into foreign languages. A. it B. them C. which D. that B23苍松课资There I met several people, two of _ were foreigners.A. which B. whom C. who D. that There I met several people, and two of _ were foreigners. A. which B. them C. whom D. thatThere I met several people, two of _ being foreigners.A.which B. them C. whom D. thatBBB24苍松课资
