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1、英语语法基础英语语法基础第九讲第九讲 副词性从句副词性从句状语从句状语从句v状语从句就是在复合句中起状语作用的从句。状语从句就是在复合句中起状语作用的从句。v状语从句可以用来修饰动词（谓语动词或其他非谓状语从句可以用来修饰动词（谓语动词或其他非谓语动词）、定语、状语，甚至整个句子。语动词）、定语、状语，甚至整个句子。v根据状语从句在句中的具体作用可以分为时间、地根据状语从句在句中的具体作用可以分为时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、方式、比较点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、方式、比较等状语从句。等状语从句。v状语从句可以位于句首、句中或句尾。状语从句可以位于句首、句中或句尾。位于句首时
2、位于句首时，句末通常有逗号与主句隔开；句末通常有逗号与主句隔开；位于句中时位于句中时，从句前，从句前后须有逗号；后须有逗号；位于句尾时位于句尾时，从句的前面可以不用逗，从句的前面可以不用逗号。通常，号。通常，比较、方式和结果状语从句位于主句之比较、方式和结果状语从句位于主句之后后。v状语从句一般由一个连词引导，也可由一些起连词状语从句一般由一个连词引导，也可由一些起连词作用的短语结构引导。作用的短语结构引导。 2一、时间状语从句一、时间状语从句v时间状语从句说明动作或状态发生、存在的时间。时间时间状语从句说明动作或状态发生、存在的时间。时间状语从句可以由下列连词或词组引导。下面分别举例介状语从
3、句可以由下列连词或词组引导。下面分别举例介绍这四类连词或词组。绍这四类连词或词组。ABCDwhenwhen 当当时时beforebefore 在在之前之前as soon asas soon as 一一就就hardlyhardlywhenwhen一一就就whilewhile当当时时afterafter在在之后之后the momentthe moment一一就就scarcelyscarcelywhenwhen刚一刚一就就asas当当时时sincesince自从自从以来以来the minutethe minute一一就就no soonerno soonerthanthan一一就就wheneverwh
4、enever 无论何时无论何时till/untiltill/until 直到直到every/each timeevery/each time 每次每次instantly/directlinstantly/directly y一一就就3一、一、时间状语从句时间状语从句A. whenwhen等等等等As time goes by, the pollution in this river is getting more and more serious.Whenever she had a cold, she ate only fruit.注：时间状语置于句首时，后面要有逗号与主句分开。注：时间状语
5、置于句首时，后面要有逗号与主句分开。B. beforebefore等等等等He will go to study abroad after he graduates from the college.I have not seen him since he left the company.注：注：until 经常与经常与not连用，连用，notuntil表示一个固定意思，直表示一个固定意思，直到到才。才。He didnt announce the news until he was sure of it.Go straight ahead until/till you reach the p
6、ost office.注：在时间状语从句中，注：在时间状语从句中，不用将来时不用将来时。 4一、一、时间状语从句时间状语从句C. as soon asas soon as等等等等We will leave the minute he is ready.Every time he comes to see us, he brings us some candies. D. hardlywhen hardlywhen 等：等：等：等：hardlywhen, scarcelywhen，no soonerthan的意思一样，但在使用时，要注意的意思一样，但在使用时，要注意它们的搭配。它们的搭配。har
7、dly，scarcely分别和分别和when连用，连用，no sooner和和than连用，不能调换。连用，不能调换。 I had hardly sat down when the telephone rang.注：注：hardly，scarcely，no sooner位于句子开头时，句子的位于句子开头时，句子的主、谓语要倒装。主、谓语要倒装。Scarcely had the noise died away when someone started to laugh again. 5二、地点状语从句二、地点状语从句v地点状语从句说明动作或状态发生、存在的地地点状语从句说明动作或状态发生、存在的
8、地方。地点状语从句由方。地点状语从句由where （在（在的地方）和的地方）和wherever（无论在（无论在的地方）引导。的地方）引导。Keep the medicine where children cannot see it.You can camp wherever you like these days.6三、条件状语从句三、条件状语从句v条件状语从句说明动作或状态发生、存在的条件。条件状语从句说明动作或状态发生、存在的条件。条件状语从句由下列连词或词组引导。下面分别举条件状语从句由下列连词或词组引导。下面分别举例介绍这三类连词或词组。例介绍这三类连词或词组。ABCifif 如果，假
9、如如果，假如as (so) long asas (so) long as 只只要要suppose/supposing suppose/supposing 假设假设unless (= if unless (= if not)not) 除非，如果不除非，如果不so far asso far as 只要只要provided that/providingprovided that/providing 假如假如in casein case 如果，万一如果，万一on condition thaton condition that 条件是条件是7三、条件状语从句三、条件状语从句A. if if 和和和和un
10、lessunless We shall have a picnic if it is a fine day tomorrow.Id like to go swimming unless the water is too cold. = Id like to go swimming if the water is not too cold. B. as (so) long as as (so) long as 等等等等 As long as we dont lose heart, well find a way to overcome the difficulty.In case the car
11、 burns down, well get the insurance money. C. suppose/supposing suppose/supposing 等等等等 Supposing he doesnt agree, what will you do?Providing there is no objection, we shall make a decision.注：在条件状语从句中，不用将来时。注：在条件状语从句中，不用将来时。 8四、原因状语从句四、原因状语从句v原因状语从句说明动作或状态发生的原因。原因状原因状语从句说明动作或状态发生的原因。原因状语从句由语从句由becaus
12、e（因为），（因为），since（因为），（因为），as（因为），（因为），now that（既然），（既然），seeing (that)（因为），（因为），considering that（鉴于，考虑到）等（鉴于，考虑到）等连词或词组引导。连词或词组引导。 Seeing that she doesnt like piano, there is no reason to make her learn it.Considering (that) he is only 10 years old, he really did a good job. 9五、结果状语从句五、结果状语从句v结果状语从句说
13、明动作或状态发生后所产生的结果。结结果状语从句说明动作或状态发生后所产生的结果。结果状语从句由果状语从句由sothat，suchthat（如此（如此以至于），以至于），so that（结果）等连词或词组引导。（结果）等连词或词组引导。 We left in such a hurry that we forgot to lock the door.The moon was so bright that the flowers were bright as by day.注：注：suchthat 之间只能用名词，之间只能用名词，sothat之间只能用形容之间只能用形容词，但是在形容词后可以加一个名
14、词。词，但是在形容词后可以加一个名词。He is such a strong man that he can lift that heavy box.He is so strong that he can lift that heavy box.He is so strong a man that he can lift that heavy box.10六、目的状语从句六、目的状语从句v目的状语从句说明发生这一动作、行为的目的。目的状语从句说明发生这一动作、行为的目的。它由它由that，so that，in order that（以便，为了）（以便，为了），lest（以免），（以免），for
15、 fear that（惟恐），（惟恐），in case（以防）等连词或词组引导。（以防）等连词或词组引导。 11六、目的状语从句六、目的状语从句A. thatthat，so thatso that，in order thatin order that ：v在在 (so) that，in order that引导的目的状语从句中，引导的目的状语从句中，一般需要情态动词一般需要情态动词。主句是一般现在时，从句要用。主句是一般现在时，从句要用can或或may。主句是一般过去时，从句要用。主句是一般过去时，从句要用could或或might。当当so that引导的从句是否定句时，要用引导的从句是否定句
16、时，要用should。 We must try to increase the competitive in order that we may make more profits.The police asked me to move it off the road (so) that it might not hold up the traffic.注：注：so that既可以引导结果状语从句，又可以引导目的既可以引导结果状语从句，又可以引导目的状语从句，区别在于：状语从句，区别在于：目的状语从句目的状语从句中要有情态动词中要有情态动词can，may，should等等，so that 前前
17、没有逗号没有逗号。结果结果状语从句不用情态动词状语从句不用情态动词，so that 前前常有逗号常有逗号。 12六、目的状语从句六、目的状语从句B. lestlest，for fear thatfor fear that，in casein case ：v在在 lest，for fear that引导的从句中，一般用引导的从句中，一般用should + 动词原形动词原形，should可以省略。可以省略。In case 引导的从句一般引导的从句一般用虚拟语气（用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形动词原形），），也可用真实语气也可用真实语气。 She explained again and ag
18、ain lest the students (should) misunderstand her.Here is some money in case you (should) need it.Take a hat with you in case the sun is very hot. 13七、方式状语从句七、方式状语从句v方式状语从句说明动作、行为发生的方式。方方式状语从句说明动作、行为发生的方式。方式状语从句由式状语从句由as（与（与一样），一样），as if（好像），（好像），as though（好像，仿佛）等引导。（好像，仿佛）等引导。I did the thing as you
19、told me.It looks as if it is going to rain.He walks slowly as though he were sick.注：注：as if，as though意思相同，可以互换使用。意思相同，可以互换使用。as if，as though引导的从句多用虚拟语气。但如果说的事引导的从句多用虚拟语气。但如果说的事情可能是事实，也可以用真实语气。情可能是事实，也可以用真实语气。 14八、比较状语从句八、比较状语从句v比较状语从句是对人、事物的特征、性状和比较状语从句是对人、事物的特征、性状和数量等进行比较。数量等进行比较。v带有比较状语从句的句型有：带有比较
20、状语从句的句型有： 15八、比较状语从句八、比较状语从句A.A. （形容词、副词）比较级（形容词、副词）比较级（形容词、副词）比较级（形容词、副词）比较级 + than+ than（比（比（比（比） My handwriting is much worse than yours.She sings better than I (me). 注：比较级前可有注：比较级前可有much，far，a bit等次说明比较的程度，等次说明比较的程度，也可以有数字说明具体的差距，如：也可以有数字说明具体的差距，如：She is two years older than I.B.B. as +as +（形容词、
21、副词）原级（形容词、副词）原级（形容词、副词）原级（形容词、副词）原级 + as+ as（和（和（和（和一样）一样）一样）一样） The article in todays newspaper is as important as that in yesterdays newspaper.You should remember as many words as you can.You should keep as much money as you can.You should read as much as you can.16八、比较状语从句八、比较状语从句C.C. not + so +n
22、ot + so +（形容词、副词）原级（形容词、副词）原级（形容词、副词）原级（形容词、副词）原级 + as+ as：He is not so tall as his brother.This job is not as difficult as that one. D. D. 倍数倍数倍数倍数 + as + as +（形容词、副词）原级（形容词、副词）原级（形容词、副词）原级（形容词、副词）原级 + as+ as（是（是（是（是几倍）几倍）几倍）几倍） Your stadium is ten times as big as ours.This auto manufactory made tw
23、ice as many cars this year as they did last year.注：表示倍数时，注：表示倍数时，2倍是倍是twice，绝不可以用，绝不可以用two times。三倍。三倍以上用数字加以上用数字加times，如：，如：four times，five times等。等。倍倍数必须放在数必须放在asas结构之前结构之前。 E. E. the + the + 比较级比较级比较级比较级 ，+ the + + the + 比较级（越比较级（越比较级（越比较级（越，就越，就越，就越，就越） I like black coffee so much, the stronger
24、it is, the better I like it.The harder you study, the more knowledge you can gain.17九、让步状语从句九、让步状语从句v让步状语从句由下列连词或词组引导，下面让步状语从句由下列连词或词组引导，下面举例介绍这三类连词或词组：举例介绍这三类连词或词组： ABCthough 尽管尽管也也even if 即使即使也也疑问词疑问词 + ever如：如：however，whateveralthough 虽然虽然但是但是even though 即使即使也也no matter + 疑问词疑问词如：如：no matter how，
25、no matter whatas/while 虽然虽然A.A. though though，althoughalthough，as/whileas/while ：（1）though和和although两个单词本身就表示两个单词本身就表示“虽然虽然，但是但是”，所以绝对，所以绝对不能再和不能再和but连用连用。 They are my relatives though I dont know them.Although it was difficult to find a job, yet people moved to cities where there were many factorie
26、s.18九、让步状语从句九、让步状语从句A.A. though though，althoughalthough，as/whileas/while ：（2）as也可用引导让步状语从句，意思与也可用引导让步状语从句，意思与though/although相同。但是，用相同。但是，用as引导让步状语从句，通常放在句首，引导让步状语从句，通常放在句首，且主谓要倒装。且主谓要倒装。as前面的词可以使形容词、副词，也可前面的词可以使形容词、副词，也可以是动词、名词。以是动词、名词。 Rich as he is, he is not happy.Child as he is, he knows a lot.
27、（此时名词前一定不能有冠词）（此时名词前一定不能有冠词）Try as /though he might try, he couldnt move this stone. = Although he might try, he couldnt move this stone. （3）while 引导让步状语从句，只能放在句首，意思与引导让步状语从句，只能放在句首，意思与though/although相同。相同。 While I fell sympathetic, I really cant do anything to help them.While he may be right, we do
28、nt agree him to do it. 19九、让步状语从句九、让步状语从句B.B. even if/thougheven if/though Even though its hard work, I enjoy it.His finger print can prove who he is even if his appearance has been changed by age or accident.C.C. howeverhowever等等等等 no matter how = however无论如何无论如何no matter when = whenever无论何时无论何时no
29、matter where = wherever无论何处无论何处no matter what = whatever无论什么无论什么no matter who = whoever无论谁无论谁no matter which = whichever无论哪个无论哪个We must begin testing this instrument, no matter how (= however) difficult it is.No matter where (= Wherever) you are, I shall be with you.No matter who (= Whoever) you are, you should pay your tax.No matter which (= Whichever) you like, take it away.No matter what (= Whatever) you do, try to do it better.20
