高一英语语法

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1、 定语从句定语从句 the Attributive Clause高一英语语法定语 my book a holiday of seven days a seven-day holiday something important a good holiday a country developing fast a toy factory a book written by J.k. Rowling a developing country a book to be published a developed country a book which was written by J.K. Rowl

2、ing1. 放在放在名词前名词前2. 由单个的由单个的代词代词/数数词词/形容词形容词/名词名词/-ing/ -ed 来充当来充当1. 放在放在名词或代词后名词或代词后2. 由由介词结构形容词介词结构形容词-ing结构结构-ed结构结构to do结构结构句子句子来充当来充当前置定语前置定语后置定语后置定语定语1. 1. 用来修饰某个名词或代词的成分用来修饰某个名词或代词的成分2. 2. 可以放在名词之前；也可以放在可以放在名词之前；也可以放在名词或代词之后名词或代词之后3. 3. 在翻译时通常带有一个在翻译时通常带有一个“的的”定语从句定语从句1. 1. 当定语成分由一个句子来充当时，当定语成

3、分由一个句子来充当时，这个句子就叫定语从句，即用一个句这个句子就叫定语从句，即用一个句子去修饰另一个句子中的某个名词或子去修饰另一个句子中的某个名词或代词代词2. 2. 通常紧跟在所修饰的名词或代词后通常紧跟在所修饰的名词或代词后This is a book which was written by J.K. Rowling3. 3. 定语从句的定语从句的必备两要素必备两要素This is a book which was written by J.K. Rowling先行词（名词或代词）先行词（名词或代词）引导词引导词（that/which/who/whom/whose/ when/wher

4、e/why）1.You are the right man whom we are looking for.2.Ive spent all the money which was given by my parents.3.I will never forget the day when I joined the party.4.This is the factory where the machines are made.找出定语从句；找出定语从句两要素找出定语从句；找出定语从句两要素现在你认识定语从句了吗？从书本页课文中找出所有的定语从句从书本页课文中找出所有的定语从句 But one m

5、illion people of the city, who thought little of these events, were asleep as usual that night. It was felt in Beijing, which is more than two hundred kilometers away. The number of people who were killed of injured reached more than 400 000. another big quake which was almost as strong as the first

6、 one shook Tangshan. The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.定语从句考点 (一)引导词的确定 引导词引导词指代内容指代内容充当成分充当成分 whowhom thatwhichwhosewhenwherewhy人人主宾表主宾表人人宾宾人事物人事物主宾表主宾表事物事物主宾主宾人的事物的人的事物的时间状语时间状语地点状语地点

7、状语原因状语原因状语时间时间地点地点原因原因定定(后通常加名词或代词后通常加名词或代词)方法二：还原法把先行词还原到定语从句中去把先行词还原到定语从句中去, 看看看看是放在主语，宾语，表语还是状语的是放在主语，宾语，表语还是状语的位置上，最终来确定引导词位置上，最终来确定引导词例一：例一： The students _ dont study hard will not pass the exam._ dont study hard.The students主语，而且指人主语，而且指人 who/that例二：例二： The woman _ you saw in the park is our C

8、hinese teacher.you saw _ in the park.the woman宾语，而且指人宾语，而且指人 (whom/who/that)注意：如果先行词还原到定语从句中，充当的是宾语,那么可以把引导词省略 1. Do you want a friend whom you could tell everything to? 2. Or are you afraid that your friend would laugh at you? 3. She and her family hid away for nearly 25 months before they were dis

9、covered? 4. Nature is one thing that really must be experienced. 5. I would be grateful if you could give me some advice. 6. All languages change and develop when cultures meet and communicate with each other.Revision of the last period 7. Some people who live in the mountains of eastern USA speak w

10、ith an older kind of English dialect. 8. She insisted that she organize the trip properly. 9. Now I know that the proper way is always her way. 10. We found a large atlas with good maps which showed details of world geography. 11. (Have you ever seen snowmen ride bicycles?) Thats what we looked like

11、. 12. We will reach Dali soon, where our cousins will join us.3. Do you know the boy _ leg was broken when he fell out of a tree? 4. This is the boy _ sister is a famous singer. 5. The letter _ I received yesterday is from my brother. 6. The film _ we saw last night was wonderful. 7. The man _ was h

12、ere a minute ago is my uncle. whosewhose(which/that)(which/that) who / that8. The train _ was going to Guangdong was late. 9. The book _ he is reading is very interesting. 10. Theyll never forget the days _ they spent in the countryside. 11. Theyll never forget the days _ they studied together. whic

13、h / that (which / that) (which / that) when引导词的特殊情况引导词的特殊情况I am sure she has something (that) you can borrow.Ive read all the books that are not mine. This is the first book (that) he has read.This is the very book that belongs to him.(1) 先行词为先行词为all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little

14、, much 等不定代词时。等不定代词时。(2)先行词被先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much等修饰时等修饰时(3)先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。(4)先行词被先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时。修饰时。只能用只能用thatthat不能用不能用whichwhich的情况的情况(5)先行词指人又指事物先行词指人又指事物They talked about the people and things (that) they met at college.只能用只能用w

15、hichwhich不能用不能用thatthat的情况的情况(1) 非限定性定语从句，即有逗号隔开的定语从句非限定性定语从句，即有逗号隔开的定语从句It was felt in Beijing, which was 200 km away.(2) 以介词开头的定语从句以介词开头的定语从句,即介词前置的定语从句即介词前置的定语从句This is the room _ Chairman Mao once lived in.This is the room in _ Chairman Mao once lived. (which / that) which(3) 定语从句修饰的是前面整句话定语从句修饰

16、的是前面整句话He passed the exam, which surprised everyone in our class. when, where, why 引导的定语从句引导的定语从句初步感知初步感知P37 Exercise 21. The mines where I worked were 9 km from my home.2. The reason why I got a job was because of my hard work.3. The time when I joined the ANC was the 5th of August.4. The governmen

17、t building where we voted was very tall.5. The date when I arrived was late at night.1. The mines _ I worked were 9 km from my home. 2. The reason _ I got a job was because of my hard work. 3. The time _ I joined the ANC was the 5th of August. 4. The government building _ we voted was very tall. 5.

18、The date _I arrived was late at night如何来确定引导词如何来确定引导词?如何来确定引导词如何来确定引导词?方法一：根据先行词方法一：根据先行词方法二：还原法方法二：还原法 (把先行词还原到定语从句中去把先行词还原到定语从句中去)例一：例一： The mines _ I worked were 9 km from my home. I worked _. in the mines地点状语地点状语where / in which例二：例二： The reason _I got a job was because of my hard work.I got a j

19、ob _. for the reason原因状语原因状语why / for which例三：例三： The time I joined the ANC was the 5th of August.I joined the ANC _. at the time时间状语时间状语when / at which例四：例四： The government building we voted was very tall.We voted _. in the building地点状语地点状语where / in which例五：例五： The date I arrived was late at night

20、.I arrived _. on the date时间状语时间状语when / on which1.The time _ I first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life.2.The school _ I studied for only two years was 3 km away.3.The day _ Nelson Mandela helped me was one of my happiest.4.The parts of town _ they had to live were decided by

21、white people.5.The places _ they were sent to live were the poorest parts of South Africa. when / at which where / in which when / on which where / in which where / in which1. After living in Paris for 50 years he returned to the small town _ he grew up as a child. A. which B. where C. that D. when2

22、. It was an exciting moment for these people this year, _ for the first time their team won the World Cup. A. that B. while C. which D. when D BIll never forget the day _ we worked together.when / on whichIll never forget the day_ we spent happily together.which / that比较比较We worked together on the d

23、ay.We spent the day happily together.1.I will always remember the hours _ we lived together. I will always remember the hours _ we spent together.2. Can you still think of the village _he once worked? Can you still think of the village _ he once visited? when / in which (which/that) where / in which

24、 (which / that)总结1. 引导词的确定必须用还原法引导词的确定必须用还原法2. 先行词还原后如果先行词还原后如果在它前面要加上一个介词在它前面要加上一个介词，那么说明它在定语从句中充当状语，通常用那么说明它在定语从句中充当状语，通常用 “when/where/why” 来引导来引导3. “when/where/why” 通常可以替换成通常可以替换成 “介词介词which”(仅限于定语从句中仅限于定语从句中)4. 如果先行词是表示如果先行词是表示 “时间时间/地点地点/原因原因”的词的词, 引引导词并不一定是导词并不一定是 “when/where/why”，也有可能，也有可能是是

25、“which/that”，介词前置的定语从句 1. Mandela was the black lawyer to whom I went for advice. 2. He was generous with his time, for which I was grateful. 3. The parts of town in which they had to live were decided by white people. 4. It was a prison from which no one escaped. 5. He is a man of great experience,

26、 from whom much can be learned. 6. Chapin, for whom money was now no problem, start a new film company with his friends. 7. Antarctica, about which we know very little, is covered with thick ice all the year round.介词前置的定语从句1. 1. 考点一考点一：引导词引导词which, whomwhich, whom2. 2. 考点二：介词的确定考点二：介词的确定方法：还原法先行词还原到

27、定方法：还原法先行词还原到定语从句中去语从句中去, 看看它与定语从句看看它与定语从句之间需要哪个介词来连接之间需要哪个介词来连接例一：例一： Mandela was the black lawyer _whom I went for advice. _ whom I went for advice.I went _ Mandela for advice.toto例二：例二： It was a prison _ which no one escaped._ which no one escaped.No one escaped _ the prison.fromfromCan you work

28、them out?Can you work them out? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?1. The sun gives us heat and light, _ which we cant live.2. The student _ whom we were talking just now is the best student in our class.3. Ill never forget the day _ which she said good-bye to me.4. Who can give me the reason _ which he hasnt turned up y

29、et?for aboutonwithoutLook out! Dont get too close to the house _ roof is under repair.A. which B. whose C. that D. of whichthe综合练习1. Im using the pen which he bought it yesterday.2. Is that factory which your father once worked in?3. The man whom I spoke is from Canada.4. July 1,1999 is the day when

30、 well never forget._(去掉去掉)which_tothe one5. I still remember the holidays I stayed with them.6. Im going to work in the hospital where needs me.7. Those that havent been to the West Lake will gather at the school gate.8. I dont like the way which you talked to your friend.inwhen_who_(that/which)9.Th

31、is is the last time when Ive given you lessons.10. Soon they came to a farm house,and in front of which sat a small boy.11. We heard the news which our team won the game.12. The reason which he explained it sounds reasonable._ that_ that _whyit_13. Those at the desk want to buy tickets write down yo

32、ur names.14. That was the reason because she looked old.15. Taiwan, that we know, belongs to China.aswho_why16. The third place which we are going to visit is Hangzhou.17. Which is known to all, many satellite are going around in the sky.18. The students and things which you spoke of are known to us

33、.that_Asthat_定语从句补充内容They live in a house, whose door opensto the south. whose 可可以以转换为转换为 “ of +which”, 即即whose + n. = the +n. +of+ which =of+ which + the +n. 一一. whose引导的定语从句引导的定语从句They lived in a house, of which the door opens to the south.They lived in a house, the door of which open to the south

34、.二二. 先行词是先行词是way, 引导词通常是引导词通常是 in which/that/省略省略 _ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth ._ is known to everybody that the moon travels round the earth .AsIt三三. as 引导定语从句，通常以下面句引导定语从句，通常以下面句式出现式出现As is known to all, As we all know, 1. I have borrowed many books, many of _ are abou

35、t music. 2. I have borrowed many books, and many of _ are about music. 1. There are 50 students in their class, most of _ are from Tonglu. 2. There are 50 students in their class, and most of _ are from Tonglu.whichthemwhomthem四四. 有有and, but, so等连词连接的复合句等连词连接的复合句 不不是定语从句，不需要用引导词去引导是定语从句，不需要用引导词去引导 2017高一英语群正式启航，欢高一英语群正式启航，欢迎高一英语老师！资料齐全，迎高一英语老师！资料齐全，微信红包加入微信红包加入【微信号：微信号：zhd1184105205】，物有所值，物有所值，物有超值！可以节省你备课备物有超值！可以节省你备课备考所耗的大量时间，值！考所耗的大量时间，值！