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1、JackI have good news for you!RoseWhat?JackThe educational department has carried out rules to reduce students too much study load. RoseReally? If so, I dont have to stay up late to do so much homework and my mom may allow me to play computer games.JackThe best thing I think is that I can have more s
2、pare time to take exercise after class.RoseSure. By the way, who is your favorite sports star?JackLiu Xiang, I should say.RoseTell me something about him.JackWell, maybe I can show you some photos. We use modal verbs to talk about:1. Ability （能力）（能力）2. Obligation （义务）（义务）3. Certainty （可能性）（可能性）4. Pe
3、rmission （允许）（允许）5. Make requests（提出请求）（提出请求）6. Make suggestions（提出建议）（提出建议）7. Make offers（提供帮助）（提供帮助）8. Give advice（提出意见（提出意见）情态动词的基本用法特点情态动词的基本用法特点1）情态动词不能表示正在发生或已经发生的事情态动词不能表示正在发生或已经发生的事情，只表示期待或估计某事的发生。情，只表示期待或估计某事的发生。2）情态动词情态动词除除ought和和have外，后面只能接不带外，后面只能接不带to的不定式。的不定式。3）情态动词没有人称，数的变化，即情态动词第情态动词
4、没有人称，数的变化，即情态动词第三人称单数不加三人称单数不加-s。4）情态动词没有非谓语形式，即没有不定式，分情态动词没有非谓语形式，即没有不定式，分词，等形式。词，等形式。只作情态动词的只作情态动词的can/could,may/might,oughtto,must可情态可实义的可情态可实义的need,dare可情态可助动词的可情态可助动词的shall/should,will/would相当于情态动词的相当于情态动词的haveto,usedto1.Ability (能力能力):Liu Xiang can run the 110m hurdle race within 13 seconds.ca
5、n/could:1. can 一般表示与生俱来的能力或者一种客观一般表示与生俱来的能力或者一种客观可能性可能性,还可以表示请求和允许还可以表示请求和允许 。3.Learning English can be difficult.2.Man can not live without air. 7.Can I use your bike?1.The girl can dance very well.4.You can hurt yourself if you play in the street5.Everyone can make mastikes6.It is usually warm in
6、my hometown in March, but it can be rather cold sometimes.The biggest problem for most plants, which _ just get up and run away when threatened, is that animals like to eat them. (湖南湖南 2007)A. shant B. cantC. neednt D. mustnt The World Wide Web is sometimes jokingly called the World Wide Wait becaus
7、e it _ be very slow. A. Should B. must C. will D. cancan/could: could可表示请求，可表示请求，语气较委婉。语气较委婉。 _I have the television on? Yes, you _. / No, you _CouldHe asks if he _ smoke here.couldcan/maycant/Im afraid notcan/could:2.表示惊异、怀疑、不相信的态度。（主表示惊异、怀疑、不相信的态度。（主要用在否定句、疑问句或惊叹句中）要用在否定句、疑问句或惊叹句中） Hes such a nice
8、 person that he _ commit the crime! cantHow can you be so careless! Can this be true? can/could:3. can never/canttoo表示表示“无论怎样无论怎样也不过分也不过分”，“越越越越好好” 。你过马路的时候再小心也不为过。你过马路的时候再小心也不为过。 You cant be too careful while crossing the road. 4.cannot help doing./cannot help but do./cannnot but do. “禁不住；不由得；不得不禁不
9、住；不由得；不得不”。1）I cannot help admiring the picture whenever I look at it. 2）When a close friend dies，you cannot but feel sad. can/be able to区别区别:Edison always wondered why hens could hatch (孵孵) chickens while he was not able to.Question: Are the two modal verbs interchangeable (互换互换) ? If not, why?can表
10、示表示与生俱来的能力与生俱来的能力或或一种客观可能一种客观可能，而，而be able to更加强调更加强调通过后天的学习和努力获通过后天的学习和努力获得的能力，得的能力，或者或者在某个客观的场合和背景下在某个客观的场合和背景下，能做到的事情。能做到的事情。can/be able to区别区别:1.A big fire broke out in ABC hotel yesterday. Luckily, everyone _ run out of the building.was able to2. She _ speak both English and French.canIm so tir
11、ed! I have to do the training for at least 10 hours a day! 2.Obligation (义务义务):yet he must work hard to win the gold medal.Although Liu Xiang is so gifted in hurdle racenecessityought to/shouldhave tomustYour mother brings you up and takes good care of you, so when she is old, you _ look after her i
12、n return. A.can B.may C.have to D.must 2.must 表示肯定的猜测，译为表示肯定的猜测，译为“一定一定”，不能用于否定，不能用于否定句或疑问句。句或疑问句。This must be your pen.He must be doing his homework now.He must have arrived already.must1.表示表示“必须必须”，must和和haveto稍有区别。稍有区别。must着重着重说明主观看法，说明主观看法，haveto强调客观需要。另外，强调客观需要。另外，haveto能用于更多时态。能用于更多时态。 I dont
13、like this TV set. We must buy a new one. There was no more bus. They had to walk home.1.You _ buy a gift, but you can if you want to.A.must B. mustnt C. have to D. dont have to2. When I was young, I was told that I _ play with fire. A. wouldnt B. neednt C. mustnt D. darentThey_ be doing the experime
14、nt in the lab.Why？Because the lights are still burning.A.could B.can C.must D.would must2. 表示表示“坚持坚持”还可表示还可表示“偏偏、偏要偏偏、偏要”（常用于（常用于固定句型：固定句型：if you must do sth. 如果你非得要如果你非得要做某事）做某事）e.g. 2.Must you make so much noise?1.If you must leave, do it quietly.3.He must come and worry her with question, just wh
15、en she was busy cooking the dinner. Of course，after I gave her my advice，she must go and do the opposite. -MayIsmokehere?-Ifyou_,chooseaseatinthesmokingarea.A.shouldB.couldC.mayD.mustmust用于一般问句中用于一般问句中,肯定回答用肯定回答用must否定式用否定式用neednt或或donthaveto，做，做“不必不必”,mustnt表示表示“禁止，不允许禁止，不允许” MustIfinishallassignme
16、ntsatatime?Yes,youmust.No,youneednt.Shi Dongpeng might win a medal at the Olympic Games.Although the chance of winning a medal is small, Ill try my best! 3.Certainty (可能性可能性) :very uncertainalmost certainmightshouldmustmaycouldought towill1.He _ be at home.2.He _ be at home, for he just called me fr
17、om his home 15 seconds ago.A.may B.might C.must A.may B.might C.must (can)4.Permission (允许允许):May I eat KFC if I win the gold medal?may/might:1. 表示许可。表示请求、允许时，表示许可。表示请求、允许时，might比比may的语气更委婉一些。的语气更委婉一些。 Might/May I use your computer? Yes, you can/may. /No, you cant/mustnt. may/might:2.用于祈使句中表示祝愿。用于祈使
18、句中表示祝愿。3.表示推测、可能（只用于肯定句，表示推测、可能（只用于肯定句，疑问句则要用疑问句则要用can或或could）。）。 May you succeed. He may be very busy now. May you be happy all your life. 4. may well “极有可能极有可能” e.g. Liza may well not want to go on the trip - she hates traveling. may/ might as well “不妨不妨”e.g. You may as well stay for dinner.5.Maki
19、ng requests (提出要求请提出要求请求求):Can you help me with my training?I dont know how to use this equipment! will can could wouldinformalformal6.Making suggestions (提出建议提出建议):Shall we do the training in the morning?Its too hot to take exercise in the afternoon. shall:1.Shall用于第一、第三人称疑问用于第一、第三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的
20、意句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见、向对方请示或提供帮助见、向对方请示或提供帮助 。1.Shall we begin our lesson? 2.When shall he be allowed to leave hospital? 3.Shall I carry this bag for you?shall:2.Shall用于第二、第三人称，表用于第二、第三人称，表示说话人给对方命令、警告、允示说话人给对方命令、警告、允诺或威胁。诺或威胁。 You shall fail if you dont work harder. He shall be punished according to the
21、 rule. 等我读完这本书，就会给他的。等我读完这本书，就会给他的。 He shall have the book when I finish it.警告警告威胁威胁允诺允诺3)(用于法律、规则等条文中用于法律、规则等条文中)应应，须，须，得，得 The fine shall be given in cash.7.Giving advice (提出意见提出意见):You should not/ought not to eat so much before running.How delicious!should:1.Should表示劝告、建议、命令，表示劝告、建议、命令，其同义词是其同义词是
22、ought to；在疑问句中，；在疑问句中，通常用通常用should代替代替oughtto。Should I open the window? 我们应当要相互学习。我们应当要相互学习。 We should learn from each other.should:2.情态动词情态动词should用于第一人称用于第一人称时可以表示说话人的一种谦逊、时可以表示说话人的一种谦逊、客气、委婉的语气。客气、委婉的语气。 1) RoseSure. By the way, who is your idol? JackLiu Xiang, I should say.2）I should advise you
23、not to do that again. 3）You are mistaken, I should say3. should表示意外或惊讶表示意外或惊讶 常译为常译为 “居然，竟然居然，竟然”。1）I cant believe such a gentleman should be so rude to the old.2）It is strange that you should like him3）I dont know why you should think that I did itshould:4. should 表示猜测时，一般指按表示猜测时，一般指按经验经验或或逻辑逻辑判断，翻
24、译成判断，翻译成“照说应该，估计，想必照说应该，估计，想必” should:1.-When can I come for the photos ? I need them tomorrow afternoon. -They _be ready by 12 : 00 . A. can B. should C. might D. need2. Its nearly 7:00. Jack _ be here at any moment. (N 95) A. mustB. need C. shouldD. can5.用于条件状语从句中用于条件状语从句中)一旦；万一一旦；万一 If she should
25、 know the truth，she would be greatly depressed. Should you change your mind，let us know. 8.Making offers (提供帮助提供帮助):Dont worry, dear, I will wash them right away.Mom, my dirty clothes have been piled up! I dont have timewill/would:I will go to the park with you tomorrow if you will offer me lunch. Q
26、uestion: Is this sentence correct? Why?情态动词情态动词表示表示 “意愿意愿”will/would:1. 表示请求、建议等，表示请求、建议等，would比比will委婉客气。委婉客气。sentence pattern Would you pleaseWould you mindWould ratherWould you likeWould you mind if I opened the window？will/would:2.表示意志、愿望表示意志、愿望(意愿意愿)和决心。和决心。 1)I will never do that again. 2)They
27、 said that they woul help us3)No matter what I said,he wouldnt listen to me will/would:3.可表示经常性、习惯性、倾向性。翻译为可表示经常性、习惯性、倾向性。翻译为“经常、惯于、总是经常、惯于、总是”。用于否定句中，主语一用于否定句中，主语一般是事物，表示某事物暂时的特性般是事物，表示某事物暂时的特性)就是就是(不能不能)1).The old man would have a smoke under a big tree every afternoon after he finished his farm w
28、ork. 2).门就是打不开门就是打不开 ! The door wont open. would 和和 used to的比较的比较1、would 主要表示过去一段时间内的某种主要表示过去一段时间内的某种习惯，常与表示过去的时间状语连用，意为习惯，常与表示过去的时间状语连用，意为“总要，总是总要，总是” used to 主要表示过去存在但是现在已主要表示过去存在但是现在已不再存在的习惯，意为不再存在的习惯，意为“过去常常过去常常”。On Sundays he _ go to call on the old man when he was young.I _ get up late, but no
29、w I have got used to getting up very early.Xiao Li _ be a model worker. He is now a university student.wouldused tousedto可兼做行为动词的情态动词：可兼做行为动词的情态动词：need、dare 情态动词 (+动词原形)行为动词 .needdare 1.1.无人称和数的变化无人称和数的变化; 2.2.尤其用于：尤其用于：* *否定句及疑问句中否定句及疑问句中; ;* *在在if/whetherif/whether之后之后; ;* *或与或与hardlyhardly, , nev
30、ernever, , no oneno one, , nobodynobody连用连用; ; 3.3.常以常以neednneednt t 和和darendarent t 的形式出现的形式出现; ;4.dare4.dare有其过去时有其过去时dareddared. .多用于肯定句多用于肯定句;(sb.)needtododaretodo(sth.)needtobedone(sth.)needdoing判断正误判断正误:Howdareyousaysuchathing?Howdareyoutosaysuchathing?HedarenttospeakEnglishbeforesuchacrowd,di
31、dhe?HedarentspeakEnglishbeforesuchacrowd,darehe?Nobodyneedtobeafraidofcatchingthedisease.Nobodyneedbeafraidofcatchingthedisease.Thesedishesneedbecleanedcarefully.Thesedishesneedtobecleanedcarefully.Thesedishesneedcleaningcarefully.三三. “情态动词情态动词+have done”的用法的用法（1）must have done：对过去某事的有把握的推测（肯定句）对过去某
32、事的有把握的推测（肯定句）（2）can have done ：对过去某事很有把握的推测（否定和疑问句）：对过去某事很有把握的推测（否定和疑问句）（3）could have done：can have done 过去式过去式 本来能够做的（有能力做）事实际却未做到本来能够做的（有能力做）事实际却未做到（4）may/might have done对过去某事的可能性猜测对过去某事的可能性猜测 might have done 还可表示本来应该或可以做某事，含轻微责还可表示本来应该或可以做某事，含轻微责备语气备语气（5）should/ought to have done过去应该做而未做过去应该做而未做（
33、6）shouldnt/oughtnt to have done 过去不应该做而实际上做了过去不应该做而实际上做了（7）neednt have done 本没有必要做的事实际却做了本没有必要做的事实际却做了 didnt need to do 表示没必要做的事实际也没做表示没必要做的事实际也没做 (8)would rather have done:当时宁愿做某事却没做，后悔当时宁愿做某事却没做，后悔1. The ground is rather wet, so it _ have rained last night, didnt it?2. Tom _have gone to Shanghai,
34、but Im still not sure about it.3. The ground is very dry, so it _ have rained last night.4. Someone must have broken into our bedroom. Who _ have done it?5. I really regretted wasting the hours when I _ have studied hard, but it was too late.mustmay/mightcantcan/couldshould6.Your home is not far fro
35、m your school, so you _ have left in such a hurry then.7. I _ have come to help you with your English, but I was too busy at that time.8. -I paid a visit to New York last month and we stayed at a nice hotel.-Oh,you _have stayed with Barbara.She is always willing to do you a favour.couldneedntwould r
36、ather1. - She looks very happy. She _ have passed the exam. - I guess so. Its not difficult after all. A. should B. could C. must D. might2. She _ have left school, for her bike is still here. A. cant B. wouldnt C. shouldnt D. neednt3. - Im sorry. I _at you the other day. - Forget it. I was a bit ou
37、t of control myself.A. shouldnt shoutB. shouldnt have shoutedC. mustnt shoutD. mustnt have shouted4. You _ the exam, but you spent all your time playing.A. can pass B. could have passedC. could pass D. can have passed5. - Catherine, I have cleaned the room for you. - Thanks. You _ it. I could manage
38、 it myself. A. neednt do B. neednt have done C. mustnt do D. shouldnt have done6. My MP4 isnt in my bag. Where_I have put it？A. can B. must C. should D. would 5.Withsomuchworkonhand,you_toseethegamelastnight.A.mustntgoB.couldhavegoneC.shouldntgoD.shouldnthavegone6.Therewasplentyoftime.She_.A.mustnth
39、avehurriedB.couldnthavehurriedC.mustnothurryD.neednthavehurried7.IsawMaryinthelibraryyesterday.-You_her.Sheisstillabroad.A.mustntseeB.canthaveseenC.mustnthaveseenD.couldntsee8.AuntMary_thetrain,otherwiseshewouldhavearrivedherebynow.A.musthavemissedB.shouldhavemissedC.hadmissedD.mightmisscan/may/must
40、/need 问句的回答方式问句的回答方式Can/Could you do sth.Yes, I/we/canNo, I wecant/ couldntMay I do sth.?Yes , No ,you Must I /we do sth.?Yes, No you Need I do sth.?Yes ,No, you 疑问句式肯定句式否定答式youmay/canmustnt/maynot.youmustneednt/donthaveto.youmust.neednt/donthaveto.5.情态动词的应答情态动词的应答 1. - Shall I tell John about it? -
41、 No, you _. Ive told him already. (N 1994) A. needntB. wouldntC. mustntD. shouldnt2. - Could I call you by the first name? - Yes, you_. (1998上海) A. willB. couldC. mayD. mightAC此句的关键是“Ive told him already”，由此可见，你就不必再对他说了。在回答 “Could I ”这类婉客气的请求时，只能回答“Yes, you can 或 may”。不能用 could 或 might。3. - Will you
42、 stay for lunch? - Sorry, _. My brother is coming to see me. (N 1999) A. I mustnt B. I cantC. I needntD. I wont4. - Write to me when you get home. - _. (2001北京春季) A. I mustB. I shouldC. I willD. I canBC此句的关键是 “My brother is coming to see me.” 所以我不能在这儿吃饭。在回答对方的请求或命令时，应该用 “Yes, I will.”而不能使用 would 或 s
43、hould。7.You_returnthebooknow.Youcankeepittillnextweekifyoulike.A.cantB.mustntC.needntD.maynot8.Johnny,you_playwiththeknife,you_hurtyourself.A.wont;cantB.mustnt;mayC.shouldnt;mustD.cant;shouldntC B 9.-Willyoustayforlunch?-Sorry,_.Mybrotheriscomingtoseeme.A.ImustntB.IcantC.IneedntD.Iwont10.-MayIpickaflowerinthegarden?-_.A.No,youneedntB.Not,please.C.No,youmustntD.No,youwontB C Review the usage of modal verbs and finish the exercise paper
