汽车专业英语(原书作者宋红英)第一至二章PPT课件【深度讲解】

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1、Specialized English for AutomobileUnit oneAutomobile Structure1ContentsI.Pre-questionsII.TextExplanationIII.Exercises2详细课资vTypesofModernAutomobilesv1）cars v2）passengercarsv3）trucksv4）tractorsandvehiclecombinationv5）specialtypevehiclev6）Self-dumpingcarv7）farmvehiclev8)off-roadvehicleI.Pre-questions3详

2、细课资SpecialvehiclecarTractorTruckPassengerCars4详细课资2、with respect to engine arrangement and driving type engine arrangement and driving typediagramfront engine 、front-wheel drive front engine 、rear-wheel driveRear engine、 rear-wheel driveI.Pre-questions5详细课资vDoyouknowwhobuiltthefirstcarintheworldandw

3、hen?vKarlBenzvIn1886I.Pre-questions6详细课资vHowmanymainpartsdoestheautomobileconsistof? 1-engine2-chassis 3-body4-electrical systemI.Pre-questions7详细课资vWhichiscalledthe“heart”ofautomobile?vAnenginethatisusedtosupplypowerforanautomobilevWhatisthechassiscomposedof?vdrivingsystem,runninggear,steeringsyste

4、mandbrakesystem.I.Pre-questions8详细课资DrivingsystemBrakesystemSteeringsystemrunninggearI. Pre-questions9详细课资vWhatistheelectricalsystemcomposedof?vTheelectricsystemincludesthebattery,generator,startingsystem,ignitionsystem,lightingsystem,hornsystem,radioandotherdevices.I. Pre-questions10详细课资vWhatarethe

5、functionsofthefoursystems?vDrivingsystemworksbytransmittingenginepowertothedrivingwheels.vSuspensionsystemsfunctionistoincreasestrengthanddurabilityofcomponentsandtomeetcustomersrequirementsforridingcomfortanddrivingsafety.vSteeringsystemisusedtocontrolthedrivingdirectionofanautomobile.vBrakesystemi

6、susedtoretardthemotionofthevehicle.I.Pre-questions11详细课资vInotherwords,anyautomobileiscomposedofthesectionssuchasengine,chassis,bodyandelectricsystem.vInotherwords换句话说换句话说vbecomposedof由由.组成组成v译文：译文：换句话说，任何一辆汽车都是由发动机、换句话说，任何一辆汽车都是由发动机、底盘、车身和电器设备组成的。底盘、车身和电器设备组成的。II. Text Explanation12详细课资vInotherwords

7、vInotherwords,theyremainrelativelyconstantorstatic.换句话说，它们相对的稳定、静止。换句话说，它们相对的稳定、静止。vInotherwords,wehaveadheredtoscientificsocialism.也就是说，我们坚持了科学社会主义。也就是说，我们坚持了科学社会主义。vbecomposedofvNavymustbecomposedofsurfaceshipunitandsubmarineunit.v海军一定是由水面舰艇部队和潜艇部队组成。海军一定是由水面舰艇部队和潜艇部队组成。II. Text Explanation13详细课资v

8、Theinternalcombustionengineburnsfuelwithinthecylindersandconvertstheexpandingforceofthecombustionor“explosion”intorotaryforceusedtopropelthevehicle.vTheinternalcombustionengine内燃机内燃机vConvert.into.使转变使转变,转换转换.vPropelvt.推进推进,驱使驱使v译文：译文：内燃机在汽缸内燃烧燃料，然后把燃烧或者内燃机在汽缸内燃烧燃料，然后把燃烧或者“爆炸爆炸”所产生的膨胀力变成旋转力，用以推动车所产生的

9、膨胀力变成旋转力，用以推动车辆前进。辆前进。II. Text Explanation14详细课资vConvert.into.vTheyconvertedthegarageintoatheater.他们将车库改成戏院。他们将车库改成戏院。vconvertwaterintoice.v将水变成冰将水变成冰vconvertingfeetintometers.v将英尺换算成公尺将英尺换算成公尺II. Text Explanation15详细课资vBrakesystemisabalancedsetofmechanicalandhydraulicdevicesusedtoretardthemotionoft

10、hevehiclebymeansoffriction.vHydraulichai drlikadj.液压的液压的,水力的水力的vRetardri tdvt.延迟延迟,使减速使减速,阻碍阻碍vFriction friknn.摩擦摩擦,摩擦力摩擦力v译文：译文：制动系统是一套平衡的机械和液压设备，制动系统是一套平衡的机械和液压设备，它可通过摩擦来阻止车辆的运动。它可通过摩擦来阻止车辆的运动。II. Text Explanation16详细课资vbymeansof用用.方式（方法），依靠方式（方法），依靠vTheysucceededbymeansofperseverance.v他们依靠坚忍不拔而获得

11、成功。他们依靠坚忍不拔而获得成功。vHealwaysgoestoschoolbymeansofbikev他总是骑自行车上学他总是骑自行车上学II. Text Explanation17详细课资II. Text ExplanationuIn1956,theNo.1AutoPlantwasestablishedinChangchun,andturnedoutthefirstbatchofliberationautomobilesforourcountry.vestablishvt.建立建立,设立设立,确定确定vturnedoutvt.生产生产,起床起床,翻出翻出,制造制造,关掉关掉v译文：译文：在

12、在1956年，一汽在长春成立了，并且为我年，一汽在长春成立了，并且为我们国家生产出了第一批解放牌轿车。们国家生产出了第一批解放牌轿车。18详细课资vturnoutvAvastcrowdturnedouttowatchthematch.v大群的观众到场观看比赛。大群的观众到场观看比赛。vIfthedayturnsoutwetwemayhavetochangeourplans.v万一下雨的话，我们也许得改变计划。万一下雨的话，我们也许得改变计划。II. Text Explanation19详细课资 III. ExercisesuTranslatethefollowingexpressionsint

13、oChinese.vchassisvdrivingsystemvinternalcombustionenginevsteeringsystemvbrakingsystemvclutchvgearboxvuniversaljointvpropellershaftvgeneratoru底盘底盘u传动系统传动系统u内燃机内燃机u转向系统转向系统u制动系统制动系统u离合器离合器u变速箱变速箱u万向节万向节u驱动轴驱动轴u发电机发电机20详细课资vIdentifytheEnglishnamesofclutchaccordingtothepicture. III. Exercises1-engine;2-

14、clutch;3-gearbox;4-propellershaft;5-differential;6-rearaxle21详细课资vThemotorvehicleengineisbasicallyadeviceforconvertingtheinternalenergystoredinitsfuelintomechanicalenergy.Itisclassifiedasaninternalcombustionenginebyvirtueofthisenergyconversiontakingplacewithintheenginecylinders.Sincetheterm”energy”i

15、mpliesthecapacitytoperformwork,theengineisthusabletopropelthevehiclealongtheroadand,withinlimits,overcomeunwantedoppositiontoitsmotionarisingfromrollingfrictionandairdrag.Tofacilitatethisprocesstheengineiscombinedwithatransmissionsystem. III. Exercises22详细课资vI.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChine

16、se.vIneffect,thedrivingsystemworksbytransmittingenginepowertothedrivingwheels.v实际上，传动系统的作用是将发动机的动力传递到驱动车轮。实际上，传动系统的作用是将发动机的动力传递到驱动车轮。vTheelectricsystemsupplieslightinganddrivingpowerfortheautomobile.v电气系统可为汽车提供照明和驱动的电力。电气系统可为汽车提供照明和驱动的电力。vThebodystylingprovidesanattractive,colorful,modernappearancef

17、orthevehicle.v车身的式样为汽车提供了诱人的，多彩的，现代的外观形象。车身的式样为汽车提供了诱人的，多彩的，现代的外观形象。 III. Exercises23详细课资v汽车主要由四个部分组成，他们是：发动机、底盘、车身汽车主要由四个部分组成，他们是：发动机、底盘、车身和电气设备。和电气设备。vAnautomobileisgenerallycomposedoffoursectionssuchasengine,chassis,bodyandelectricalsystem.v传动系由离合器、变速箱、传动轴、后桥、差速器、从动传动系由离合器、变速箱、传动轴、后桥、差速器、从动轮组成。轮组

18、成。vThe transmission system consists of clutch,gearbox, propeller shaft, rear axle ,differential andthedrivingroadwheels.。 III. ExercisesII.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.24详细课资v气门机构的作用是及时地吸入新鲜的混合气和排气门机构的作用是及时地吸入新鲜的混合气和排出废气出废气vThevalvegearprovidestimelyadmissionofthefreshchargeintothecylin

19、dersandexhaustofspentgasesfromthem. III. Exercises25详细课资Specialized English for Automobile26Specialized English for AutomobileUnit 2-1Main Components of Engine 27ContentsPre-questionsII.TextExplanationIII.Exercises28详细课资I.Pre-questionsTheheartofautomobile29详细课资vWhatimpressionoftheengine?complicatedp

20、owerI.Pre-questions30详细课资vWhataretheretypesoftheengine?velectricmotors,steamengines,andinternalcombustionenginesvWhatstheinternalcombustionengine?vburnsfuelwithinthecylindersandconvertstheexpandingforceofthecombustionintorotaryforceusedtopropelthevehicle.I.Pre-questions31详细课资Single-cylinder enginecy

21、linderpistonPiston pinConnecting rodcrankshaftOil pipeIntake valveExhaust valve Timing gearOil pump32详细课资vwhatisthepowersourceofautomobileandhowtoproduce?pistonpistonpinconnectingrodcrankshaftEnginePowerisproducedbythelinearmotionofapistoninacylinder.Theconnectingrodtransmitstheup-and-downmotionofth

22、epistontothecrankshaft,whichchangesitintorotarymotion.I.Pre-questions33详细课资vTheenginecomprisestwomechanismandfivesystems,whatarethey?vcrankshaftandconnectingrodmechanism,vvalvegear,vcoolingsystem,vlubricatingsystem,vfuelsystem,vstartingsystem,vignitionsystemI.Pre-questions34详细课资connecting rodflywhee

23、lcrankshaftpistonintake valveexhaust valvepush rodtappettiming gears Valve gear Connecting rod 35详细课资Engine cooling system36详细课资Engine lubricating system37详细课资Fuel supply system38详细课资Valve gear39详细课资vWhatsthefunctionofthecrankshaftandconnectingrodmechanism?vItsfunctionistoconvertheatenergyintomechan

24、icalenergyusedtodrivethevehicles.I.Pre-questions40详细课资vTheinternalcombustionengine,asitsnameindicates,burnsfuelwithinthecylindersandconvertstheexpandingforceofthecombustionintorotaryforceusedtopropelthevehicle.v译文：译文：内燃机，内燃机，顾名思义顾名思义，就是燃料在气缸内部，就是燃料在气缸内部燃烧，并且把燃烧时的膨胀力转化为驱动车辆的燃烧，并且把燃烧时的膨胀力转化为驱动车辆的旋转力。旋

25、转力。II. Text Explanation41详细课资vOfallautomobilecomponents,anautomobileengineisthemostcomplicatedassemblywithdominanteffectsonthefunctionofanautomobile.vcomplicated kmplikeitidvadj.复杂的复杂的,难解的难解的vdominance dm nnsn.优势优势,统治统治v译文：译文：汽车发动机是一切汽车部件中结构最复杂，汽车发动机是一切汽车部件中结构最复杂，对汽车功能起支配作用的一个总成。对汽车功能起支配作用的一个总成。II.

26、Text Explanation42详细课资vItsfunctionistoconvertheatenergyintomechanicalenergyusedtodrivethevehicles.vConvertinto.转变；变换转变；变换v译文：译文：它的作用就是将热能转换成机械能用来驱它的作用就是将热能转换成机械能用来驱动汽车动汽车。II. Text Explanation43详细课资vConvert.into.v转变；变换转变；变换vThatbuildinghasbeenconvertedintoaschool.v那座楼房改成学校了。那座楼房改成学校了。v兑换兑换vIwanttocon

27、vertsomeHongKongdollarsintoAmericandollars.v我想把一些港元换成美元。我想把一些港元换成美元。v改变信仰、党派或意见等改变信仰、党派或意见等vShemanagedtoconverthimtoheropinion.v她终于设法说服了他接受她的意见。她终于设法说服了他接受她的意见。II. Text Explanation44详细课资vPowerisproducedbythelinearmotionofapistoninacylinder.vlinear liniadj.线的线的,直线的直线的,线线性的性的vpiston pistnn.活塞活塞II. Tex

28、t Explanation45详细课资vThepistonattachedtothetopofaconnectingrodbyapin,calledapistonpinorwristpin.vattachtov.连接连接vconnectingrod连杆连杆vpistonpin=wristpin活塞销活塞销II. Text Explanation46详细课资vTheconnectingrodtransmitstheup-and-downmotionofthepistontothecrankshaft,whichchangesitintorotarymotion.vtransmitto把把传到传到

29、vwhichchangesitintorotarymotion定语从句定语从句II. Text Explanation47详细课资vdieselenginesvwaterpumpvtheignitiondistributorvoilpanvtiminggearvcrankshaftandconnectingrodmechanismvvalvegearvfuelsystemvexhaustpipevexhaustmanifoldIII. ExercisesTranslate the following expressions into Chinese.u柴油发动机u水泵u分电器u油底壳u正时齿轮

30、u曲柄连杆机构u配气机构u燃油系统u排气管u排气歧管48详细课资v1-cylinderheadcoverv2-pistonv3-timingtoothedbeltv4-waterpumpv5-oilpanv6-oilpumpv7-crankshaftv8-flywheelv9-distributorv10-valveIII. Exercises49详细课资vThecrankshaftrepresentsthefinallinkintheconversionofreciprocatingmotionatthepistontooneofrotationattheflywheel.Inthecast

31、ofthemulti-cylinderengine,thecrankshafthastocontroltherelativemotionsofthepistons,whilereceivingtheirownimpulses.Aone-piececonstructionismostcommonlyusedforthemotor-vehiclecrankshaft,whichextendsthewholelengthoftheengineandmustthereforepossessconsiderablerigidity .III. Exercises50详细课资vThetiming-driv

32、efortheenginevalvemechanismistakenfromthefrontendofthecrankshaft asisthepulleyandbeltdrivefortheengineauxiliaries,suchasthecoolingfanandthealternatorforelectricalsystem.attachedtotherearendofthecrankshaftistheengineflywheel.III. Exercises51详细课资vI.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.v1Engineist

33、hepowersourceoftheautomobile.Powerisproducedbythelinearmotionofapistoninacylinder.v发动机是汽车的动力源发动机是汽车的动力源.它通过汽缸内的活塞线性运动产生它通过汽缸内的活塞线性运动产生的的.v2Thefuelsystemworksaccordingtotherequirementsoftheengineasitprovidesanair-fuelmixturewhichmustbeinproportiontothespeedandloadplacedontheengine.v燃油系统的作用是根据发动机的转速和负

34、荷提供一定比例燃油系统的作用是根据发动机的转速和负荷提供一定比例的可燃混合气以满足发动机的需求。的可燃混合气以满足发动机的需求。III. Exercises52详细课资v3Thevalvegearprovidestimelyadmissionofthefreshchargeintothecylindersandexhaustofspentgasesfromthem.v配气机构机构可定时的将新鲜气体充入气缸，并配气机构机构可定时的将新鲜气体充入气缸，并且将废气排放出去。且将废气排放出去。III. Exercises53详细课资v1发动机主要有两大机构五大系统组成。发动机主要有两大机构五大系统组成

35、。vAnengineismainlycomposedoftwomechanismsandfivesystems.v2曲柄连杆机构主要包括机体组，活塞连杆组和曲轴飞曲柄连杆机构主要包括机体组，活塞连杆组和曲轴飞轮组。轮组。vThecrankshaftandconnectingrodmechanismmainlyconsistsoftheenginecrankcaseandcylinderblock,thepistonandconnectingrod,thecrankshaftandflywheel.III. ExercisesII.Translatethefollowingsentencesin

36、toEnglish.54详细课资v3水泵工作时，可以将冷却液在发动机水套中和散热器水泵工作时，可以将冷却液在发动机水套中和散热器之间来回流动。之间来回流动。vWhenrevolving,thewaterpumpcirculatescoolantbetweentheenginewaterjacketsandtheradiator.III. Exercises55详细课资III. ExercisesvPrinciple of Four-stroke Engine1、intake stroke 2、compress stroke 3、power stroke 4、exhaust stroke Int

37、akevalveExhaustvalve56详细课资Specialized English for Automobile57Specialized English for AutomobileUnit 2-2 Cylinder Block and Cylinder Head 58ContentsI.Pre-questionsII.TextExplanationIII.Exercises59详细课资Engine Bodycrankcasecylinder blockcylinder headcylinderoil passage and water passageoil panThecylind

38、ergasket60详细课资vWhatistheengineblockcomprisedof?vthecylindersectionandthecrankcasesectionI.Pre-questionsthecylindercrankcase61详细课资I.Pre-questionsvHowmanytypeshastheenginearrangement,whatarethey?In-lineV-typeHorizontallyopposedtype62详细课资vWhatsthefunctionandthematerialofthecylinderhead?vFunction：Sealth

39、etopthecylinderandformthecombustionchamberwiththepistonandthecylindervMaterial:greyironoralloyironaluminumI.Pre-questions63详细课资cylinder gasket cylinder headcylinder coverpadto fit spark plugI.Pre-questions64详细课资vWhattypesofthecombustionchambersarethere?I.Pre-questionswedge-shapedbasin-shapedhemisphe

40、rical65详细课资vTheengineblockisthemainsupportingstructuretowhichallotherpartsareattacheddirectlyorindirectly.vattachedt ttvt附上附上.的的vdirectlyadv.直接地直接地vIndirectlyadv.间接地间接地v译文：气缸体是主要的支承部件，它可以将其它译文：气缸体是主要的支承部件，它可以将其它部件直接或间接的装配在上面。部件直接或间接的装配在上面。 II. Text Explanation反义词反义词66详细课资vThesurfacesaremachinedtoall

41、owthepistonstomovewithminimumwearandfriction.vallowvt允许，承认允许，承认vallowsb.todosth.vallowdoingsth.vFriction friknn.摩擦摩擦,摩擦力摩擦力v译文：译文：加工出的表面允许活塞在最小磨损和摩擦力下运动。加工出的表面允许活塞在最小磨损和摩擦力下运动。 II. Text Explanation67详细课资vAllow使使成为可能，允许成为可能，允许v近义词：近义词：permitvThewindfallallowedmetobuyahouse.v这意外之财使我这意外之财使我得以得以购置一幢房子。购

42、置一幢房子。vAllowmetointroducemyself.v请请允许允许我自我介绍一下。我自我介绍一下。 II. Text Explanation68详细课资vWiththeincreasedconcernforprovidinghigheroutputandlowerfuelconsumption,carmanufacturesaretryingtomakethevehiclelighter.vConcernvt.涉及涉及,关系到关系到n.关心关心,关注关注vconcernfor对对.的关心的关心/忧虑忧虑vconcernwith和和.有关（一般用有关（一般用.+beconcerned

43、with.）vconsumptionn.消费消费,消费量消费量v译文：译文：随着对汽车产量和低燃耗的关注度越来越高，随着对汽车产量和低燃耗的关注度越来越高，汽车生产厂家尽量把汽车做的轻一些。汽车生产厂家尽量把汽车做的轻一些。 II. Text Explanation69详细课资vConcernvt.v1.(不用被动语态不用被动语态)关于关于v2.涉及涉及,关系到关系到;影响到影响到Theletterischieflyconcernedwithexportcommodities.这封信主要是关于出口商品的。这封信主要是关于出口商品的。Thenewsconcernsyourbrother.这消息与

44、你兄弟有关。这消息与你兄弟有关。v3.使担心使担心;使不安使不安(+about/for)vTheboyspoorhealthconcernedhisparents.那男孩健康状况不佳那男孩健康状况不佳,使他的父母亲忧虑。使他的父母亲忧虑。Heisconcernedforhersafety.他担心她的安全。他担心她的安全。v4.使关心使关心(+about/with)vHewasveryconcernedabouther.他对她非常关心。他对她非常关心。 II. Text Explanation70详细课资vItshouldbepaidattentiontothedirectionwhenfixi

45、ng.vto是介词是介词,所以后面接名词以及动名词所以后面接名词以及动名词.vpayattentiontosth./doingsth.vPleasepayattentiontotakingcareofyourbaby.v请注意照顾好你的小孩请注意照顾好你的小孩.v译文：译文：应该注意装配时的方向。应该注意装配时的方向。 II. Text Explanation71详细课资Cylinder gasketFunction ： fitted between the cylinder block and cylinder head to seal the area between them and p

46、revent leakage of gas, oil and water . Pay attention to the direction when fixing II. Text Explanation72详细课资vInordertomakethealuminumstrongerandlesslikelytowarp,certainmaterialsareaddedtothemetalorasteellinerplacedintheblock.vInorderto为了为了vWestartedearlyinordertoarrivebeforedark.v为了在天黑前到达为了在天黑前到达,我们

47、很早就动身了。我们很早就动身了。 II. Text Explanation73详细课资vwarpw:pvn.弯曲弯曲,歪曲歪曲vt.弄歪弄歪,使翘曲使翘曲vi.变弯变弯,变歪变歪vaddedtovincresed（本身）增加（本身）增加vaddedto(别人，别的东西别人，别的东西)增加增加v译文：译文：为了使铝制材料强度更高，尽可能的减少为了使铝制材料强度更高，尽可能的减少弯曲变形，可加入一定的金属材料或者在缸体内弯曲变形，可加入一定的金属材料或者在缸体内镶钢缸套。镶钢缸套。区别区别 II. Text Explanation74详细课资vcylinderblockvcylinderheadv

48、oilpanvcylindergasketvcylinderlinervwedge-shapedcombustionchambervbasin-shapedcombustionchambervin-lineenginesvsparkplugsvinjectionIII. ExercisesTranslate the following expressions into Chinese.v气缸体气缸体v气缸盖气缸盖v油底壳油底壳v气缸垫气缸垫v缸套缸套v楔形燃烧室楔形燃烧室v盆形燃烧室盆形燃烧室v直列发动机直列发动机v火花塞火花塞v喷油器喷油器75详细课资III. Exercises1-cyli

49、nderheadcover;2-cylinderhead;3-cylindergasket;4-cylinderblock;5-oilpan76详细课资vIthaslongsincebeenestablishedpracticetocombinethecylinderblockandcrankcaseintoasingleunit,thisgenerallybeingtermed“monobloc”construction.Thehistoricaloriginsofthisformofconstructiondatebacktotheearly1920s,whentherewasagener

50、altrend towardssimplification oftheenginestructure.III. Exercises77详细课资vUntilthenthecylinderblockandcrankcasewereproducedasseparateunits,incastironandaluminumalloy respectively,andthenbolted together.Inrelationtomodernenginedesign,themonoblocconstruction providesaverynecessaryrigid foundationforthee

51、ngineandreducesmanufacturingcosts.III. Exercises78详细课资vI.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.v1Inordertomakethealuminumstrongerandlesslikelytowarp,certainmaterialsareaddedtothemetalorasteellinerplacedintheblock.v为了使铝制缸体刚度更强和尽可能的减少磨损，可将一些为了使铝制缸体刚度更强和尽可能的减少磨损，可将一些材料加入其中或者在缸体中安装缸套。材料加入其中或者在缸体中安装缸

52、套。v2Thecylindergasketsfunctionistosealtheareabetweenthemandpreventleakageofgas,oilandwater.v气缸垫的作用就是密封缸盖与缸体之间的区域，避免漏气、气缸垫的作用就是密封缸盖与缸体之间的区域，避免漏气、漏油和漏水。漏油和漏水。III. Exercises79详细课资v3Thecylindersofmulti-cylinderautomotiveenginesarearrangedinoneofthreeways.v多缸发动机的气缸排列方式是这三种形式之一。多缸发动机的气缸排列方式是这三种形式之一。III. E

53、xercises80详细课资vII.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.v1气缸垫安装时，要注意它的方向性。气缸垫安装时，要注意它的方向性。vItshouldbepaidattentiontothedirectionwhenfixingthecylindergasket.v2铝制缸体为了提高它的刚度，常常要在气缸中安装缸铝制缸体为了提高它的刚度，常常要在气缸中安装缸套。套。vInordertomakethealuminumstronger,asteellineroftenplacedintheblock.v3直列式是发动机中最简单的一种排列方式。

54、直列式是发动机中最简单的一种排列方式。vIn-lineengineisthesimplestarrangement.III. Exercises81详细课资Specialized English for Automobile82Specialized English for AutomobileUnit 2-3Piston and Connecting Rod83ContentsI.Pre-questionsII.TextExplanationIII.Exercises84详细课资vwhatdoesthepistonassemblyconsistof?vItmainlyconsistsofpi

55、ston,pistonrings,pistonpin,andconnectingrod.I.Pre-questions85详细课资pistonpistonringspistonpinconnectingrodI.Pre-questionspistonpistonringspistonpinconnectingrodFunction?86详细课资vFunction:vtransmittheforceofexpansiontocrankshaftthroughconnectingrodvWithstandinggaspressureI.Pre-questionscharacteristicligh

56、trigidcylindricalshapedhollow87详细课资I.Pre-questionscylindricalshapedhollow88详细课资vWhatisthepistoncomposedof?vpistonhead,pistonlands,pistonskirtandpistonpinhole.I.Pre-questions89详细课资Components piston toppiston headpiston skirtpistonpinholeI.Pre-questions90详细课资vWhatsthefunctionoftheconnectingrod?vtopass

57、thereciprocatingpowerofthepistontothecrankshaft.I.Pre-questionsSmall endConnecting rod bushingConnecting rodBig endConnecting rod half shellsConnecting rod cap91详细课资vTowithstandtheheatofthecombustionchamber,thepistonmustbestrong.vWithstandvt.抵挡，经受住抵挡，经受住vthecombustionchamber燃烧室燃烧室vv译文：译文：活塞必须要坚固才能承受

58、燃烧室的热量。活塞必须要坚固才能承受燃烧室的热量。II. Text Explanation92详细课资vInsomeapplication,anarrowgrooveiscutintothepistonabovethetopringtoserveasa“heatdam”toreducetheamountofheatreachingthetopring.vgroovegrvn.凹槽凹槽vheatdam隔热槽隔热槽v译文：译文：在有些结构中，为了减少传到顶部活塞环在有些结构中，为了减少传到顶部活塞环的热量，在活塞环的上部切割出一个很窄的环槽，的热量，在活塞环的上部切割出一个很窄的环槽，叫做叫做“隔

59、热槽隔热槽”。II. Text Explanation93详细课资vcutintov减少，侵犯减少，侵犯,打断打断vDontcutintothestory.v不要不要打断打断故事。故事。vTheknifeeasilycutintothecake.v刀一下子就刀一下子就切进切进了蛋糕。了蛋糕。vTheotherhousegotoldandshabby,andthatcutintothevalue.v周围的房子都破旧不堪周围的房子都破旧不堪,这使得他房子的价值这使得他房子的价值降低降低了。了。II. Text Explanation94详细课资vserveasvt.担任担任(充当充当,起起.的作用

60、的作用)vThesephilosophicalviewsserveasaguideinlife.v这些哲学观点可以这些哲学观点可以作为作为处世指南。处世指南。vHewillserveasmayorv他将他将任任市长一职。市长一职。v近义词：近义词：actas.v区别：区别：serve为为服务服务II. Text Explanation95详细课资vItmaybeflat,concave,andconvexoranyoneofagreatvarietyofshapestopromoteturbulenceorhelpcontrolcombustion.vconcave kn keivn.凹凹,凹

61、面凹面vconvex kn veksvadj.表面弯曲如球的外侧表面弯曲如球的外侧,凸起的凸起的v译文译文：（活塞顶部）形状可以是平顶、凹顶、凸：（活塞顶部）形状可以是平顶、凹顶、凸顶或者其它各种形状，这些形状促进紊流或有助顶或者其它各种形状，这些形状促进紊流或有助于控制燃烧。于控制燃烧。II. Text Explanation96详细课资vagreatvarietyofvadj.多种多种,各种各种,多种多样的多种多样的vWewillappealtoagreatvarietyofsourcesofinformation.v我们将求助于我们将求助于多种多种资料来源。资料来源。II. Text E

62、xplanation97详细课资Classification of piston topshapediagramflatconvexconcave98详细课资vToavoidmisplacingtherodcapsduringassembly,theconnectingrodsandtheirmatingcapsaremarkedononesidewithserialnumbers,startingwiththefirstrodfromtheradiator,toidentifytheirlocationintheengine.v译文：译文：为了避免装配错误，从散热器的一侧为开为了避免装配错误

63、，从散热器的一侧为开始，在连杆以及与其相配的连杆盖的一侧标注有始，在连杆以及与其相配的连杆盖的一侧标注有序列数以区分它们在发动机中的位置。序列数以区分它们在发动机中的位置。II. Text Explanation99详细课资vavoidvt.避免避免(n./+v-ing)vTheyallavoidedmentioningthatname.他们都他们都避免避免提及那名字。提及那名字。Shebrakedsuddenlyandavoidedanaccident.她紧急刹车她紧急刹车,避免避免了一场车祸。了一场车祸。vtheradiatorn.散热器散热器vmisplacemis pleisvt.放错

64、地方放错地方II. Text Explanation100详细课资uTranslatethefollowingexpressionsintoChinese.vpistonringvpistonpinvconnectingrodvexpansionforcevcylinderwallvinthebottomofthegroovesvpassthereciprocatingpowerofthepistonvconnectingrodsmallendvconnectingrodcapvconnectingrodbearinghalfshells III. Exercisesu活塞环活塞环u活塞销活塞

65、销u连杆连杆u膨胀力膨胀力u汽缸壁汽缸壁u在槽的底部在槽的底部u传递活塞的往复动力传递活塞的往复动力u连杆小头连杆小头u连杆盖连杆盖u连杆轴瓦连杆轴瓦101详细课资compression ringsoil ringspiston pinpistonconnecting rodconnecting rod boltcrank bearing half shellconnecting rod cap III. Exercises102详细课资vPistonringsareoftwobasictypes,thatis,compressionringsandoil-control rings.They

66、perform importantfunctionsasfollows:theuppercompression ringsmustmaintainaneffectivesealagainstcombustiongasesleakingpastthepistonsintothecrankcase .Theloweroil-controlringsserve tocontrolandeffectivelydistributethelubricatingoilthrownontothecylinderwalls,consistentwithmaintaining goodlubricationand

67、anacceptableoilconsumption .Theseringsalsoprovideameansbywhichsurplusheatistransmitted fromthepistontothecylinderwallandthentothecoolingjacket. III. Exercises103详细课资vI.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.v1Thepistonconvertsthepotentialenergyofthefuelintokineticenergythatturnsthecrankshaft.v活塞将

68、燃料燃烧的能量转换成驱动曲轴旋转的动能。活塞将燃料燃烧的能量转换成驱动曲轴旋转的动能。v2Thepistonandrodassemblytransmitsthepowerfromcombustionchambertothecrankshaft.v活塞连杆组将燃烧室的能量传递给曲轴。活塞连杆组将燃烧室的能量传递给曲轴。v3ShankoftheconnectingrodisprovidedwithanI-crosssectiontogivetherodmaximumrigiditywiththeminimumofweight.v为了使连杆得到最大的刚度和最小的重量，连杆杆身部分加工为了使连杆得到最

69、大的刚度和最小的重量，连杆杆身部分加工为工形结构。为工形结构。 III. Exercises104详细课资vII.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.v1活塞销装在活塞的环形的孔里。活塞销把活塞和连杆连接活塞销装在活塞的环形的孔里。活塞销把活塞和连杆连接起来。用来支撑活塞销的活塞厚的部分称为活塞销凸台。起来。用来支撑活塞销的活塞厚的部分称为活塞销凸台。vApistonpinfitsintoaroundholeinthepiston.Thepistonpinjoinsthepistontotheconnectingrod.Thethickparto

70、fthepistonthatholdsthepistonpinisthepinboss.v2活塞销贯穿活塞，把连杆小头与活塞连在一起，并将连杆保活塞销贯穿活塞，把连杆小头与活塞连在一起，并将连杆保持在活塞中心的适当位置处。持在活塞中心的适当位置处。vThepistonpinfitsthroughonesideofthepiston,throughthesmallendoftherod,andthenthroughtheothersideofthepiston.Itholdstherodfirmlyinplaceinthecenterofthepiston. III. Exercises105详

71、细课资v3顶部的两道保证活塞与气缸壁间密封的环叫做气环。顶部的两道保证活塞与气缸壁间密封的环叫做气环。底下的一道防止机油飞溅到缸筒从而窜入燃烧室的环叫做底下的一道防止机油飞溅到缸筒从而窜入燃烧室的环叫做油环。油环。vThetoptworingsaretokeepthegasesinthecylinderandarecalledcompressionrings.Theloweronepreventstheoilsplashedontothecylinderborefromenteringthecombustionchamber,andiscalledanoilring. III. Exercis

72、es106详细课资vvariablecompressionratio缩写缩写VCRv可变压缩比可变压缩比vFunction:vSatisfyinghighcompressionforstartingandlowercompressionunderload III. Exercises107详细课资Specialized English for Automobile108Specialized English for AutomobileUnit 2-4Crankshaft and Flywheel 109ContentsI.Pre-questionsII.TextExplanationIII.

73、Exercises110详细课资I.Pre-questionsWhatsthecrankshaftassemblycomposedof?crankshaftbearingstiminggearflywheelbeltpulley111详细课资I.Pre-questionsvWhatisregardedasthe“backbone”oftheengineandwhy?vCrankshaft,becauseitcanchangethereciprocatingmotionofthepistonintorotarymotionandhandletheentirepoweroutput.112详细课资

74、 Components：I.Pre-questionsrod journal crankshaft journalrear end balanced weightcrankfront endrod journal 113详细课资vWhatsthefunctionoftheflywheel?vhelpingtheenginetorunsmoothlybyabsorbingsomeoftheenergyduringthepowerstrokeandreleasingitduringtheotherstrokes；vcarryingtheclutch,whichtransmitsthedriveto

75、thegearbox；vhasthestarterringgeararounditscircumference.I.Pre-questions114详细课资vWhereistheflywheelintheengine?vtherearofthecrankshaft.I.Pre-questionsthestarterringgear115详细课资II. Text ExplanationvTheperiodicgasandinertiaforcestakenbythecrankshaftmaycauseittosufferwearandbendingordistortion.ubending be

76、ndi un.弯曲弯曲(度度),挠度挠度udistortiondis tnvn.扭曲扭曲,变形变形,曲解曲解,失真失真v译文：译文：周期性的气体作用力和惯性力作用于曲轴，周期性的气体作用力和惯性力作用于曲轴，会使曲轴遭受磨损、弯曲或扭曲变形。会使曲轴遭受磨损、弯曲或扭曲变形。116详细课资vPeriodic,piridikadj.v周期的周期的,周期性的周期性的;定期的定期的v时而发生的时而发生的;间歇间歇(性性)的的vtheperiodicmotionofaplanetv行星的周期运动行星的周期运动vbetakenbyv对对.很喜爱，很喜爱，被被.迷住迷住,被被.吸引吸引II. Text E

77、xplanation117详细课资vInertiain:in.v1.惯性惯性;惯量惯量;惰性惰性Inertiacarriedthetrainpastthestation.惯性惯性使火车驶过了车站。使火车驶过了车站。v2.不活动不活动;迟钝迟钝;懒惰懒惰Igetafeelingofinertiaonahotsummerday.在盛夏我有一种在盛夏我有一种懒洋洋懒洋洋的感觉。的感觉。II. Text Explanation118详细课资vInordertoreduceoreliminatesuchvibration,itmustbeprovidedwithcounterbalancedweight

78、sthatextendradicallyfromthecrankshaftcenterlineintheoppositedirectionofthecrankarms.v译文：译文：为了减少或消除振动，它必须装有平衡重，为了减少或消除振动，它必须装有平衡重，而且平衡重应径向地从曲轴中心线向曲柄相对的而且平衡重应径向地从曲轴中心线向曲柄相对的方向延伸安装。方向延伸安装。II. Text Explanation119详细课资veliminatei limineitvt.排除排除,消除消除vvibrationvai breinvn.振动振动,颤动颤动,摇动摇动,摆动摆动vcounterbalance

79、dweight平衡重平衡重vcrankarm曲柄曲柄II. Text Explanation120详细课资vbeprovidedwith为为.提供提供.装备装备vprovidesbwithsth=providesthforsbv为某人提供什么为某人提供什么vSheepprovideuswithwool.v羊供给我们羊毛。羊供给我们羊毛。vTheyareillprovidedwithfood.v他们的食品不足。他们的食品不足。II. Text Explanation121详细课资vAswellasitsfunctionistohelptheenginetorunsmoothlybyabsorbi

80、ngsomeoftheenergyduringthepowerstrokeandreleasingitduringtheotherstrokes；v译文译文：（飞轮）的作用是通过吸收作功行程的能量：（飞轮）的作用是通过吸收作功行程的能量和在其它行程释放能量，促使发动机平稳运转；和在其它行程释放能量，促使发动机平稳运转；II. Text Explanation122详细课资vthepowerstroke作功行程作功行程vAswellas和，也，还和，也，还（连接词（连接词and）vThebossprovidedlunchaswellasbreakfast.v老板提供午餐还有早餐。老板提供午餐还有

81、早餐。vShesingsaswellasplayingthepiano.v她不但会弹钢琴，而且会唱歌。她不但会弹钢琴，而且会唱歌。vIaswellastheyamreadytohelpyou.v不仅他们愿意帮助你，我也愿意帮助你。不仅他们愿意帮助你，我也愿意帮助你。II. Text Explanation123详细课资vTherodjournalsarehollowinordertoreducethecrankshaftinertia.vTherodjournals连杆轴颈连杆轴颈v译文：译文：为了减少曲轴的惯性，连杆轴颈是中空的。为了减少曲轴的惯性，连杆轴颈是中空的。II. Text Exp

82、lanation124详细课资vmainbearingjournalvrodjournalvcrankarmvcounterbalancedweightvtiminggearvfrontandrearsealsvtopdeadcentervmulti-cylinderenginevbearingcapvbeltpulley III. ExercisesTranslate the following expressions into Chinese.v主轴颈v连杆轴颈v曲柄v平衡重v正时齿轮v前后油封v上止点v多缸发动机v轴承v皮带轮125详细课资 III. Exercisescranking

83、claw timing gearmain bearingbelt pulleytortional vibration damper flywheelflywheel boltcrankshaft126详细课资vThecrankshaft ,regardedasthe“backbone ”oftheengine,serves tochangethereciprocating motionofthepistonintorotarymotionandhandles theentirepoweroutput.Thecrankshaftisactuallymadeupofvarious partssuc

84、hasmainbearingjournal,rodjournal,crankarm,counterbalanced weightandflywheel.Theconnectingrodlinksitslargeendtothecrankshaftanditssmallendtothepiston. III. Exercises127详细课资vI.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.v1Thecrankshaft,regardedasthe“backbone”oftheengine,servestochangethereciprocatingmot

85、ionofthepistonintorotarymotionandhandlestheentirepoweroutput.v曲轴作为发动机的支柱，可将活塞的往复运动转换成旋转曲轴作为发动机的支柱，可将活塞的往复运动转换成旋转运动，并且将整个能量输出。运动，并且将整个能量输出。v2Thecrankshaftiseitherforgedfromhighqualitysteelorcastinhigh-strongiron.v曲轴或者是用高质量的钢整体铸造而成，或者是用高强度曲轴或者是用高质量的钢整体铸造而成，或者是用高强度的铁铸成。的铁铸成。 III. Exercises128详细课资v3Then

86、umberofbearingsusedusuallydependsonthenumberofcylindersintheengine,andthedesignoftheengine.v曲轴主轴承的数量常常取决于发动机缸体的数量和发动机曲轴主轴承的数量常常取决于发动机缸体的数量和发动机的设计。的设计。 III. Exercises129详细课资vII.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.v1曲轴的作用是把往复动力变为旋转动力。曲轴的作用是把往复动力变为旋转动力。vThecrankshaftservestochangethereciprocating

87、powerintorotarypower.v2飞轮由碳钢制成。它安装在曲轴的后面。飞轮由碳钢制成。它安装在曲轴的后面。vTheflywheelismadefromcarbonsteel.Itfitsontotherearofthecrankshaft.v3飞轮可通过离合器，将动力传给变速箱。飞轮可通过离合器，将动力传给变速箱。vTheflywheelcancarrytheclutch,whichtransmitsthedrivetothegearbox. III. Exercises130详细课资vThemainbearingsaredesignedastwo-piecefriction-ty

88、pe.Halfthebearingisplacedintotheblock.Theotherhalfisplacedinthebearingcap.v主轴承被设计为两部分组成，一半装在缸体上，主轴承被设计为两部分组成，一半装在缸体上，另一半装在轴承盖上。另一半装在轴承盖上。 III. Exercises131详细课资Specialized English for Automobile132Specialized English for AutomobileUnit 2-5 Valve Gear 133ContentsI.Pre-questionsII.TextExplanationIII.Ex

89、ercises134详细课资engineExpansionpowerproducecombustionValveGearIntakeandexhausttimingI.Pre-questions135详细课资vWhatisthefunctionofthevalvegearinaninternalcombustionengine?vOpentheintakevalveintimeandlettheair-fuelmixtureintothecylindersinintakestroke.vOpentheexhaustvalveintimeandlettheexhaustgasesoutofthe

90、cylinderinexhauststroke.I.Pre-questions136详细课资vWhatdoesthevalvegearofaninternalcombustionengineconsistof?I.Pre-questionsrockspushrodstappetscamshaftspringvalves137详细课资vWhichcomponentdrivesthecamshaft?vcrankshaftI.Pre-questionstension mechanismcrankshaft timing gearcamshaft timing geartooth synchro-b

91、elt 138详细课资vWhatisthefunctionofthevalvespring?vThevalvespringprovidestheforcenecessarytoclosethevalveandholdittightlyagainstitsseat.I.Pre-questions139详细课资camshaftcamshaftpistonspring140详细课资vInaninternalcombustionengine,thevalvegearprovidestimelyadmissionofthefreshchargeintothecylindersandexhaustofsp

92、entgasesfromthem.v译文：译文：在内燃机中，配气机构能定时地将新鲜的在内燃机中，配气机构能定时地将新鲜的混合气充入气缸，并且将废气从气缸中排出。混合气充入气缸，并且将废气从气缸中排出。II. Text Explanation141详细课资vinternalcombustionengine内燃机内燃机vvalvetrain配气机构配气机构vtimelyadj及时的，适时的及时的，适时的vfreshcharge新鲜混合气新鲜混合气II. Text Explanation142详细课资vCamshaftsfunctionistoopentheenginevalvespositivel

93、yandtimely,inadefinitesequence,andtocontroltheirclosingagainstthereturnactionofthevalvesprings.v译文：译文：凸轮轴的功用是按特定的顺序准确适时地凸轮轴的功用是按特定的顺序准确适时地打开气门并通过气门弹簧的回位作用控制气门的打开气门并通过气门弹簧的回位作用控制气门的关闭。关闭。II. Text Explanation143详细课资vPositively断然地，肯定地，明确的断然地，肯定地，明确的vHesaidquitepositivelythathewouldcome.v他很他很明确地明确地说他会来的

94、。说他会来的。vDoyoubelievehim?Positively.你相信他吗你相信他吗?当然。当然。vinadefinitesequencev以一定的次序，以一定的顺序以一定的次序，以一定的顺序II. Text Explanation144详细课资vThevalvegeariscomposedoftiminggears,acamshaft,tappets,pushrods,rocks,valves,valveseats,springwithfastenersandvalveguides.vbecomposedof由由组成组成vtappet挺杆挺杆vfastener紧固件紧固件vvalveg

95、uide气门导管气门导管II. Text Explanation145详细课资vThetiminggearsinmostenginesarehousedinaspecialcasefittedatthefrontendoftheengine.vThetiminggears正时齿轮正时齿轮v译文：译文：在多数发动机中，正时齿轮都是用特殊的在多数发动机中，正时齿轮都是用特殊的方式安装在发动机的前端。方式安装在发动机的前端。II. Text Explanation146详细课资vfitv1.(衣服衣服)合合.身身;与与.相称相称vThisdressdoesntfitme.v这件衣服不适合我穿。这件衣

96、服不适合我穿。v2.适合于适合于;使适合使适合(+for)vHertrainingfitsherforthejob.v她所受的训练使她能胜任这项工作。她所受的训练使她能胜任这项工作。v3.安装安装Canyoufittheelectricfireforme?你能替我装上电炉吗你能替我装上电炉吗?II. Text Explanation147详细课资vThevalveheadhasanarrowchamferof45or30referredtoasvalveface.vThevalvehead气门头部气门头部v译文：译文：气门头部有气门头部有45或或30的气门锥角窄斜面作的气门锥角窄斜面作为气门密

97、封面。为气门密封面。II. Text Explanation148详细课资vbereferredtoas被称作被称作/当作当作.vTheteacherreferstothepoorchildashisownson.v老师把这个穷孩子当成自己的孩子来看待。老师把这个穷孩子当成自己的孩子来看待。II. Text Explanation149详细课资ValveFunction Open a passage when moving in one direction and to close it when moving in the opposite direction. valve headstem

98、II. Text Explanation150详细课资II. Text ExplanationValve seat angle 151详细课资veccentricwheelvtiminggearvtappetvpushrodvvalvespringvvalveclearancevvalvestemvvalveseatvvalveguidevoilpump III. ExercisesTranslatethefollowingexpressionsintoChinese.u偏心轮偏心轮u正时齿轮正时齿轮u挺柱挺柱u推杆推杆u气门弹簧气门弹簧u气门间隙气门间隙u气门杆气门杆u气门座气门座u气门导管

99、气门导管u油泵油泵152详细课资v1-rocksv2-valvespringv3-valveguidev4-valvev5-valveseatv6-camshaftv7-tappetv8-pushrod III. Exercises153详细课资vInthepast,mostengineshadtwovalves foreachcylinder,oneisfortheintakeandtheotherfortheexhaust .Nowadays,however ,manysmallerandhighperformanceenginesusetwointakevalvesandtwoexhau

100、stvalvespercylinder.Thisdesignmakessmallerenginesmorepowerful .Theexhaustvalvesareusuallysmaller indiameterthantheintakeones.Thevalvesarelocated withinthecylinderheadonmostenginesdesignedtoday.Thevalveguideistheholethatsupportsthevalveinthecylinderhead.Ithelpstoholdandcenter thevalveso thatcorrectse

101、atingcanbeobtained. III. Exercises154详细课资vI.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.v1Thereisthevalveclearancebetweentherockercontactpadandthevalvestemtip,sothatthevalvewillbetightlypressedagainstitsseatwhenhot.v当受热时，为了保证气门与气门座紧密压紧，在摇臂接触当受热时，为了保证气门与气门座紧密压紧，在摇臂接触处与气门杆顶部之间留有气门间隙。处与气门杆顶部之间留有气门间隙。v2Ro

102、ckerarmsaredesignedtochangethedirectionofthecamliftingforceandprovideacertainmechanicaladvantageduringvalvelifting.v摇臂可用来改变凸轮提举力的方向并且当气门升起时可提摇臂可用来改变凸轮提举力的方向并且当气门升起时可提供一些机械的供一些机械的(省力省力)优势。优势。 III. Exercises155详细课资v3Valveguidesupportsthevalvestemandguidesitsmovementsothatthevalvefaceremainsperfectlyco

103、ncentricwiththevalveseatandfitsitwithoutanyskewing.v气门导管可支承气门杆部并且对气门的运动起导向作用，气门导管可支承气门杆部并且对气门的运动起导向作用，因此气门与气门座要毫无偏差的同心配合。因此气门与气门座要毫无偏差的同心配合。 III. Exercises156详细课资vII.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.v1气门由头部和杆部组成。vAvalveconsistsofaheadandstem.v2配气机构由正时齿轮、凸轮轴、挺杆、气门、带有锁紧装置的气门弹簧和气门导管组成。vThevalv

104、egeariscomposedoftiminggears,acamshaft,tappets,valves,springwithfastenersandvalveguides. III. Exercises157详细课资v3摇臂的一端安装调整螺钉用来调节摇臂与气门杆尾端之间的气门间隙。vThevalveclearancecanbeadjustedbyadjustingscrewoftherockerarm. III. Exercises158详细课资Valveclearance III. Exercisesvalve stemrockerValve clearance159详细课资Specia

105、lized English for Automobile160Specialized English for AutomobileUnit 2-6Cooling System161ContentsI.Pre-questionsII.TextExplanationIII.Exercises162详细课资vWhatisthefunctionofthecoolingsystem?vKeepingtheenginetemperatureinsuitableoperatingscopeandmakingtheengineworkmosteffectively.I.Pre-questionsClassif

106、ication Water-cooling system Air-cooling system 163详细课资vWhatdoesthewater-coolingsystemconsistof?vtheenginewaterjacket,thermostat,waterpump,shutter,radiator,radiatorcap,fan,fandrivebeltandnecessaryhoses.I.Pre-questions164详细课资shutterradiatorfanwaterpump waterpipethermostatI.Pre-questions165详细课资vHowdoe

107、sthecoolantcirculatewhenthethermostatopens?thecylinderheadathermostattheradiatorwaterpumpI.Pre-questionsCylinderblock166详细课资vWhatisthefunctionoftheradiator?vFunction:dissipate the heat which the coolant has absorbed from the engine. I.Pre-questions167详细课资I.Pre-questionsradiator pressure capfinupper

108、tanklower tank168详细课资vClassification of radiator coreThe fin and tube typeThe ribbon cellular typeI.Pre-questions169详细课资vWhereisthefanusuallymounted?vonanextensionofthewaterpumpshaftandisdrivenbyaV-beltfromapulleymountedonthefrontendofthecrankshaft.I.Pre-questions170详细课资I.Pre-questionsbeltalternator

109、fancrankshaft171详细课资vThismeansthattheenginecanworkeffectivelyonlywhentheheatenergyisequallyhandledsoastokeeptheenginetemperatureinbalance.veffectivelyifektivliadv.有效地有效地有力地有力地v译文：译文：这意味着只有均等地处理热能以保持发动这意味着只有均等地处理热能以保持发动机温度的均衡，发动机才能有效地工作。机温度的均衡，发动机才能有效地工作。II. Text Explanation172详细课资vTheradiatorcapserv

110、ednotonlytopreventthecoolantfromsplashingoutthefilleropening,butalsotopreventevaporationofthecoolant.vTheradiatorcap散热器盖散热器盖vsplashn.vt.喷，飞溅喷，飞溅vEvaporationiv preinn.蒸发蒸发v译文：译文：散热器盖不仅可以防止冷却液溢出，而且散热器盖不仅可以防止冷却液溢出，而且还可防止冷却液蒸发。还可防止冷却液蒸发。II. Text Explanation173详细课资vWaterpumpsareofmanydesigns,butmostareth

111、ecentrifugaltype.vWaterpumps水泵水泵vCentrifugalsen trifjuadj.离心的离心的v译文：译文：水泵有很多种形式，但是多数都采用离心水泵有很多种形式，但是多数都采用离心式水泵。式水泵。II. Text Explanation174详细课资vAslongasthecoolanttemperatureremainslow,thethermostatstaysclosed.vAslongas只要只要vthethermostat节温器节温器v译文：译文：只要冷却液的温度仍很低，节温器就会维只要冷却液的温度仍很低，节温器就会维持关闭的状态。持关闭的状态。II

112、. Text Explanation175详细课资vUsuallythesamebeltdrivesthealternator,andbelttensionisadjustedbyswingingthealternatoronitsmounting.vthealternator发电机发电机vswingswi v.摇摆摇摆,摆动摆动n.摇摆摇摆,摆动摆动v译文：译文：通常同一根皮带还要驱动发电机，并且皮通常同一根皮带还要驱动发电机，并且皮带的张紧度可通过摆动装在上面的发电机来调整。带的张紧度可通过摆动装在上面的发电机来调整。II. Text Explanation176详细课资 III. Exe

113、rcisesv1radiatorv2water-coolingsystemv3air-coolingsystemv4coolantv5antifreezev6waterjacketv7thermostatv8waterpumpv9radiatorcapv10centrifugalpumpuTranslatethefollowingexpressionsintoChinese.u散热器散热器u水冷系统水冷系统u风冷系统风冷系统u冷却液冷却液u防冻液防冻液u水套水套u节温器节温器u水泵水泵u散热器盖散热器盖u离心式水泵离心式水泵177详细课资Water pump housingimpellerIn

114、let water pipeOutlet water pipe Centrifugal water pump III. Exercises178详细课资Function Alternating the circuit of cooling water according to the load of the engine and the temperature of water and then controlling the water flow. Wax-element Thermostat main valvespringthermostat coverrubber pipewaxpus

115、h rod III. Exercises179详细课资 III. ExercisesForm engineForm engineTo Simple circulatingTo radiatorLow temperatureHigh temperature180详细课资vItisacommonexperiencethatheatalwaysflowsfromahottersubstancetoacoldersubstance,andaphysicalprinciplethatthegreaterthetemperaturedifference betweenthemthemorerapidlyi

116、stheheattransferred.Withaircooling,theforcedcirculation ofairaroundtheengineisgenerallyprovidedbyacentrifugal fanorimpeller,whichrotates inaspiral-shapedhousing. III. Exercises181详细课资vThistypeoffaniscapable ofovercomingtheappreciableresistance offeredtotheairasitflowsaroundtheductedandfinned cylinde

117、rsandcylinderheads.Thefanisdriven byaV-beltandpulleysystemfromtheengine. III. Exercises182详细课资v.TranslatethefollowingexpressionsintoChinese.vThepurposeofthecoolingsystemistokeeptheengineatitsmostefficientoperatingtemperatureatallspeedsunderalldrivingconditions.v冷却系统的作用是在任何行驶条件下的任何转速中，发动冷却系统的作用是在任何行驶

118、条件下的任何转速中，发动机都能维持最有效的工作温度。机都能维持最有效的工作温度。vAsfuelisburnedintheengine,aboutone-thirdoftheheatenergyinthefuelisconvertedintopower.v发动机中的燃料燃烧时，大约有三分之一的热能被转化成发动机中的燃料燃烧时，大约有三分之一的热能被转化成了动能。了动能。vThethermostatisclosedwhentheengineiscoldtoallowtheenginetowarmupmorerapidly.v当发动机温度低时，节温器关闭使发动机能快速预热。当发动机温度低时，节温器关

119、闭使发动机能快速预热。 III. Exercises183详细课资vII.IdentifytheEnglishnamesofautomobileassembliesaccordingtothepicture.v水冷系是以水作为冷却介质用以在发动机中循环的。vThewatercoolingsystemmeansthatwaterisusedasacoolingagenttocirculatethroughtheengine.v温度太高或太低都会对发动机的正常运转有直接的影响。vTheenginetemperatures,eithertoohighortoolow,wouldhavedirecte

120、ffectsonthenormaloperationoftheengine.v如果用水冷却，发动机所产生的热量由冷却水带至散热器散发。vWithawatercoolingsystem,theheatproducedbyanengineiscarriedbycoolingwatertotheradiatorfordissipation. III. Exercises184详细课资Specialized English for Automobile185Specialized English for AutomobileUnit 2-6 LubricationSystem 186ContentsI

121、.Pre-questionsII.TextExplanationIII.Exercises187详细课资vWhatisthefunctionoflubricatingoil?vreducingfrictionandminimizingwear.vabsorbingandcarryingtheheatawayfromtheenginepartsvwashingoffdirtawayfromtheenginepartsvabsorbingshocksvformingagoodsealbetweenpistonringsandcylinderwallsI.Pre-questions188详细课资I.

122、Pre-questionsPrinciple of lubricatingbearingshaftLubricating oil189详细课资vWhatelsedoesthelubricationsystemcontain,apartfromthelubricatingoil?vOilpan,oilpump,oilfilters,oilpressureregulators,oilcoolersandoilsensorsI.Pre-questions190详细课资I.Pre-questionsoilgalleryoilpumpoilpanoilfiltermainoilgallery191详细课

123、资vHowistheoilsuppliedforthemovingpartsoftheengine?I.Pre-questionsOilpumpOilpanOilfilterthemainoilgallerythemovingpartsoftheengine192详细课资EQ-6100 Oil Line of Lubricating Systemmain oil lineoil pumpfine filterrough filtersuction filteroil panI.Pre-questions193详细课资Oil filterappearanceinterior structureI

124、.Pre-questions194详细课资I.Pre-questionsOil dipstick (oil lever stick)195详细课资Oil coolerFunction keeping the oil at its most efficient temperature. I.Pre-questions196详细课资vlubricatingsystemsaredividedintotwotypes,whatarethey?vsplashlubricatingvpressurelubricatingI.Pre-questions197详细课资vfirstofall,theoilfor

125、msaprotectivecoatingonthemetalsurfaceandpreventsametaltometalcontact,thusreducingfrictionandminimizingwear.v译文：译文：首先，（润滑）油可在金属表面形成一层首先，（润滑）油可在金属表面形成一层保护膜避免金属与金属的直接接触，因此降低了保护膜避免金属与金属的直接接触，因此降低了摩擦和减少了磨损。摩擦和减少了磨损。II. Text Explanation198详细课资vfirstofall第一，首先第一，首先vprotectivecoating保护膜保护膜vfriction friknn.摩

126、擦摩擦,摩擦力摩擦力II. Text Explanation199详细课资vThereareseveraltypesofpumps,suchasgearpumpandrotorpump.vgearpump齿轮泵齿轮泵vrotorpump转子泵转子泵v译文：译文：有许多类型的机油泵，如齿轮泵，转子泵。有许多类型的机油泵，如齿轮泵，转子泵。II. Text Explanation200详细课资Gear-type oil pumpOutlet port Inlet portDriving gearDriven gearhousing201详细课资Rotary oil pumphousingexter

127、nal rotorinner rotorOil inlet portoutlet port202详细课资vManyautomobileshavetwokindsofoilfilters,thosenamedsuctionfilterandroughfilteroroilfilter.vsuctionfilter集滤器集滤器vroughfilter粗滤器粗滤器voilfilter机油滤清器机油滤清器II. Text Explanation203详细课资vThirdly,astheoilcirculatesthroughthemovingpartsoftheengine,ittendstowash

128、offdirtawayfromtheengineparts.vCirculates:kjuleitvvt.vi循环流动循环流动,（使）流通（使）流通vwashoff冲洗，洗去冲洗，洗去v译文：译文：第三，当润滑油在发动机的运动部件中流第三，当润滑油在发动机的运动部件中流动时，便于冲洗走发动机部件上的污垢。动时，便于冲洗走发动机部件上的污垢。II. Text Explanation204详细课资vgearpumpvrotorpumpvbypassvalvevsuctionfiltervroughfiltervoilpressuresensorsvlubricationsystemvoilfilt

129、ervsplashlubricatingvpressurelubricatingIII. ExercisesTranslate the following expressions into Chinese.u齿轮泵u转子泵u旁通阀u集滤器u粗滤器u机油压力传感器u润滑系统u机油滤清器u飞溅润滑u压力润滑205详细课资v1-oilfilterv2-draincockv3-suctionfilterv4-oilpanv5-oillineIII. Exercises206详细课资vA-bypassvalvevB-housingvC-PaperfilterelementvD-inletportvE-o

130、utletportIII. Exercises207详细课资vInmodernpractice,positivedisplacementpumpsoftherotarytypeareusedtodeliveroilanddeveloppressureintheenginelubricationsystem.Theterm “positivedisplacement”isusedinhydraulicengineeringtodescribeanypumpthatdisplacesadefinevolumeoffluidwitheachrevolutionofitsdriveshaft,rega

131、rdlessofpressureconditionsinthecircuititsupplies.III. Exercises208详细课资vInotherwords,thepressuredevelopedbytheoilpumpdependsentirelyupontheresistanceofferedtotheflowofoilintherestofthelubricationcircuit.Theprincipaladvantage ofusingthistypeofpumpisthatcompactindesign.III. Exercises209详细课资vI.Translate

132、thefollowingsentencesintoChinese.vThelubricationsystemiscomposedofoilpan,oilpump,oilfilters,oilpressureregulators,oilcoolersandoilsensors.v润滑系统主要有油底壳、油泵、机油滤清器、机油压力调润滑系统主要有油底壳、油泵、机油滤清器、机油压力调节器、机油冷却器、机油传感器组成。节器、机油冷却器、机油传感器组成。vToremovemechanicalimpuritiesfromtheoilcirculatingthroughtheenginelubrication

133、system,theoilfilterisused.v在发动机润滑系统中，为了将机械杂质从循环流动的润滑在发动机润滑系统中，为了将机械杂质从循环流动的润滑油中清除，采用了机油滤清器。油中清除，采用了机油滤清器。III. Exercises210详细课资vII.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.v1发动机润滑系通常有压力润滑和飞溅润滑两种方式。vEnginelubricatingsystemsareusuallydividedintotwotypes:splash,pressurefeed.v2机油在活塞环和汽缸壁之间形成密封油膜。vTheoil

134、formsagoodsealfilmbetweenpistonringsandcylinderwalls.v3.机油进入气缸盖，通过油道流入凸轮轴轴瓦和配气机构。vTheoilissenttothecylinderhead,thenflowsintothecamshaftbearingsandvalvegearthroughdrilledoilpassages.III. Exercises211详细课资Specialized English for Automobile212Specialized English for AutomobileUnit 2-8Electronic Fuel In

135、jection System213ContentsI.Pre-questionsII.TextExplanationIII.Exercises214详细课资vWhatistheEFIsystemconsistof?vthefueldeliverysystemvairinductionsystemvtheelectroniccontrolsystem.I.Pre-questions215详细课资vWhatisthefueldeliverysystemcomposedof?vthefueltank,fuelpump,fuelfilter,vfueldeliverypipe(fuelrail),fu

136、elinjector,fuelpressureregulator,andfuelreturnpipe.vSomeenginesalsohavepulsationdamper.I.Pre-questions216详细课资thefueldeliverysystem输油管输油管冷起动喷油器冷起动喷油器油压调节器油压调节器喷油器喷油器油压脉动油压脉动衰减器衰减器燃油滤清燃油滤清器器油箱油箱fueltankfuelpumppulsationdamperfuelinjectorfuelpressureregulatorFuelpressureregulatorfueldeliverypipe217详细课资

137、vWhatdoestheairinductionsystemconsistof?vtheaircleaner,airflowmeter,throttlevalve,airintakechamber,intakemanifoldrunner,andintakevalve.I.Pre-questions218详细课资Air supply systemAir cleanerAir flow meterthrottleECUIdle speed control valve219详细课资vHowdoesEFIsystemoperate?I.Pre-questionsFuel pressure regul

138、atorFuel tankFuel pumpCoolant Temperature sensorThrottle position sensorECUinjectorInput pipeIntake Air Temperature Sensor Engine speed sensorAir flow sensorFilter220详细课资vTheairinductionsystemconsistsoftheaircleaner,airflowmeter,throttlevalve,airintakechamber,intakemanifoldrunner,andintakevalve.vThe

139、airinductionsystem进气系统进气系统vairflowmeter空气流量计空气流量计vthrottlevalve节气门节气门vintakemanifold进气歧管进气歧管v译文：译文：进气系统由空气滤清器、空气流量计、节进气系统由空气滤清器、空气流量计、节气门、空气进气室、进气歧管管道和进气门组成。气门、空气进气室、进气歧管管道和进气门组成。II. Text Explanation221详细课资vTheactuatorscontainsfuelpumprelay,injector,MalfunctionIndicatorLight(MIL),EVAPcanisterpurgeso

140、lenoidvalve,airconditionerrelay,coolingfanrelays,idlecontrolvalve,etc.vTheactuators执行器执行器vfuelpumprelay燃油泵继电器燃油泵继电器vMalfunctionIndicatorLight故障指示灯故障指示灯II. Text Explanation222详细课资vEVAPcanisterpurgesolenoidvalvev燃油蒸发炭罐净化电磁阀燃油蒸发炭罐净化电磁阀vidlecontrolvalve怠速控制阀怠速控制阀v译文：译文：执行器包括燃油泵继电器，故障指示灯，执行器包括燃油泵继电器，故障指示

141、灯，燃油蒸发炭罐净化电磁阀，空调继电器，冷却风燃油蒸发炭罐净化电磁阀，空调继电器，冷却风扇继电器，怠速控制阀等。扇继电器，怠速控制阀等。II. Text Explanation223详细课资vWhentheinjectoristurnedon,itopens,sprayingatomizedfuelatthebacksideoftheintakevalve.vatomizetmaizv.将将喷成雾状喷成雾状vturnedon被闭合被闭合v译文：译文：当喷油器线路闭合，喷口打开，将雾状的当喷油器线路闭合，喷口打开，将雾状的燃油喷射到进气门的后方。燃油喷射到进气门的后方。II. Text Expl

142、anation224详细课资vTheECUsignalstheinjectortodeliverjustenoughfueltoachieveanidealair/fuelratioof14.7:1,oftenreferredtoasstoichiometry.vanidealair/fuelratio空燃比空燃比vreferredto查阅查阅,提到提到,谈到谈到,打听打听vstoichiometrymrmrn.化学计量法化学计量法v译文：译文：ECU常常参照化学计量法向喷油器发出信常常参照化学计量法向喷油器发出信号输送足够的燃油以达到号输送足够的燃油以达到14.7的空燃比。的空燃比。II.

143、Text Explanation225详细课资vThebasicfunctionoftheECUistocontrolthepulsewidthoftheinjector.vthepulsewidth脉冲宽度脉冲宽度v译文：译文：发动机控制单元的基本功能是控制喷油器发动机控制单元的基本功能是控制喷油器的脉冲宽度。的脉冲宽度。II. Text Explanation226详细课资vTheECUmonitorsvariablessuchascoolanttemperature,enginespeed,throttleangleandexhaustoxygencontentandmakesinjec

144、tioncorrectionswhichdeterminefinalinjectionquantity.vmonitormmvn.班长班长,监听器监听器,监视器监视器,监控器监控器vt.监控监控vcoolanttemperaturev冷却液温度冷却液温度II. Text Explanation227详细课资vthrottleWrWrn.节气门节气门voxygenn.氧气氧气v译文：译文：ECU监控的变量有冷却液温度，发动机转监控的变量有冷却液温度，发动机转速，节气门开度，废气中的含氧量，根据这些，速，节气门开度，废气中的含氧量，根据这些，ECU可对喷射的燃油做出修正以确定最终的喷油可对喷射的燃

145、油做出修正以确定最终的喷油量。量。II. Text Explanation228详细课资vmassairflowsensorvthrottlepositionsensorvintakeairtemperaturesensorvcrankshaftpositionsensorvexhaustgasoxygensensorvfuelpressureregulatorvair/fuelratiovLtypeEFIsystemvpulsationdampervidlecontrolvalveIII. ExercisesTranslate the following expressions into C

146、hinese.v空气流量传感器v节气门位置传感器v进气温度传感器v曲轴位置传感器v氧传感器v油压调节器v空燃比vL型电喷系统v脉动衰减器v怠速控制阀229详细课资v1-theaircleanerv2-airflowmeterv3-throttlevalvev4-idlespeedcontrolvalvev5-intakemanifoldv6-intakevalvev7-injectorv8-airintakechamberIII. Exercises230详细课资vA-coldstartinjector,B-pulsationdamper;C-fuelfilter;D-fueltank;E-f

147、uelpump;F-fuelpressureregulator;G-injectorIII. Exercises231详细课资vTheengineintakeairfirstpasses throughanaircleanerandisthenmeasuredforquantitybyanairflowmeter.Thisincorporatesaspring-returnedrotatableflapinitsairpassage.Astheairflowsthroughthemeteritdeflectstheflap,untilaconditionofequilibriumismaint

148、ainedbetweentheairpressureandtheclosingtorqueontheflap.III. Exercises232详细课资vTheanglethroughwhichtheflapisrotatediselectronicallymonitored,sothattheEFIcontrolunitcancomputethequantityoffueltobeinjected.Astheflapoftheairflowmeterisrotatedacomplementarydamperplate,workingwithinaclose-clearanceairchamb

149、er,ensuresthattheflapisnotdisturbedbypulsationsintheintakemanifold.III. Exercises233详细课资vI.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.v1theengineECUcalculatestheoptimumfuelinjectionvolume,andcausestheinjectorstoinjectthefuel.v发动机发动机ECU计算出最适宜的燃油喷射量，然后计算出最适宜的燃油喷射量，然后使喷油器喷射燃油。使喷油器喷射燃油。v（见（见TextExplanati

150、on）III. Exercises234详细课资vII.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.v1ECU可根据传感器信号计算最佳喷油持续期。vTheECUcalculatestheoptimumfuelinjectionvolumeinaccordancewiththesignalsfromthesesensors.v2曲轴位置传感器用于检测曲轴转角和发动机速度。vThecrankshaftpositionsensorisusedtodetectthecrankshaftangleandenginespeed.v3发动机怠速运转所需要的空气可以来自

151、怠速控制阀。vTheairneededforaengineidlecancomefromanidlecontrolvalve.III. Exercises235详细课资Specialized English for Automobile236Specialized English for AutomobileUnit 2-9Emission Control System 237ContentsI.Pre-questionsII.TextExplanationIII.Exercises238详细课资vWhatisthefunctionoftheemissioncontrolsystem?vTol

152、imitthepollutioncausedbytheharmfulproductsofstoringandburningfuel.I.Pre-questions239详细课资vWhataretheemissionscontrolsystem?vPositivecrankcaseventilationsystemvEvaporativeEmissionControlsvExhaustEmissionControlsI.Pre-questions240详细课资vWhatisthePositivecrankcaseventilationsystemconsistof?I.Pre-questions

153、1-crankcase;2-intakemanifold;3-PCV;4-ventilationpipe;5-ventilationoutletfilter;6-cylinderheadcover241详细课资vWhatisthefunctionofEGR?vToreduceemissionsofnitrogenoxidesvWhatisthemeaningofEGR?vexhaustgasrecirculationI.Pre-questions242详细课资I.Pre-questionsuWherearetheCatalyticconverterslocated?uTheyarelocate

154、dintheexhaustsystembetweentheengineandthemuffler.243详细课资uWhatisthefunctionoftheCatalyticconverters?utoconvertharmfulpollutantssuchasHC,CO,andNOxintoharmlessgases.I.Pre-questions244详细课资vUsuallythefueltank,exhaustgases,crankcaseareaproducethemajorityofpollutionintheautomobile.vmajority是名词是名词,通常用法通常用法:

155、themajorityof.vmost是形容词或副词是形容词或副词v区别区别:majority只能修饰可数名词，只能修饰可数名词，most可数不可数不可数均可可数均可v译文：译文：通常汽车中油箱、废气、曲轴箱区域通常汽车中油箱、废气、曲轴箱区域产生的污染物占大多数。产生的污染物占大多数。II. Text Explanation245详细课资vTheseemissionsareeasilycontrolledbythepositivecrankcaseventilation(PCV)system.v译文：译文：这些排放物利用曲轴箱强制通风系统这些排放物利用曲轴箱强制通风系统是很容易控制的。是很容

156、易控制的。II. Text Explanation246详细课资vEmission排放物排放物vthepositivecrankcaseventilationv曲轴箱强制通风曲轴箱强制通风v缩写缩写PCVII. Text Explanation247详细课资vThemethodusedtoreduceoxidesofnitrogenistocooldownthecombustionprocessbyusinganexhaustgasrecirculation(EGR)valve.v译文：译文：用来降低氮氧化物产生的方法就是利用废用来降低氮氧化物产生的方法就是利用废气再循环阀来使燃烧过程中的温度

157、降低。气再循环阀来使燃烧过程中的温度降低。II. Text Explanation248详细课资vnitrogen naitrdnn.氮氮voxygenn.氧氧voxidesofnitrogen氮氧化物氮氧化物vexhaustgasrecirculation（valve）v废气再循环废气再循环(阀阀)v缩写缩写PCVII. Text Explanation249详细课资vInaddition,airinjectionsystemcanbeusedtoreducetheamountofhydrocarbons(HC)andcarbonmonoxide(CO)intheexhaustisbyfor

158、cingfreshairintotheexhaustsystemaftercombustion.vhydrocarbonhaidrunvn.烃烃,碳氢化合物碳氢化合物vcarbonmonoxide一氧化碳一氧化碳v译文：译文：除此之外，空气喷射系统也能降低废气中除此之外，空气喷射系统也能降低废气中HC和和CO的数量，它是将新鲜的空气充入到燃烧的数量，它是将新鲜的空气充入到燃烧后的排气系统中。后的排气系统中。II. Text Explanation250详细课资vCatalyticconvertersarelocatedintheexhaustsystembetweentheengineandt

159、hemuffler.vbelocatedin/on/at位于位于.vCatalyticconverters催化转化器催化转化器vmuffler mfln.消声器消声器v译文译文：催化转化器在排气系统中位于发动机和排催化转化器在排气系统中位于发动机和排气消声器之间。气消声器之间。II. Text Explanation251详细课资vfueltankvEGRvalvevmufflervactivatedcharcoalvevaporativeEmissionControlsvexhaustgasrecirculationsystemvcarboncanistervpositivecrankcas

160、eventilationvcatalyticconvertersvEmissionControlSystemIII. ExercisesTranslate the following expressions into Chinese.v油箱v废气再循环阀v消声器v活性炭v蒸汽回收控制v废气再循环系统v炭罐v曲轴箱强制通风v催化转换器v排放控制系统252详细课资v1-Vacuumsolenoidvalvev2-throttlev3-Catalyticconvertersv4-oxygensensorv5-coolanttemperaturesensorv6-EGRvalveIII. Exerci

161、ses6253详细课资vA-fueltank;B-vaporventilationpipe;vC-Canistercontrolsolenoidvalve;D-intakemanifold;E-CarboncanisterIII. Exercises254详细课资vManypollutioncontroldevicesaredesignedtoreduceemissionsfromtheexhaustsystem.Thisisdonebyusingmanynewsystemsandmodifyingothers.Thesemodificationsincludedesignchangestot

162、heignitionsystem,carburetor,intakemanifold,combustionchamberandcamshaft.Otherchangesincludeusingahighertemperaturethermostatandloweringcomperssionratios.Thisresults inlowercombustiontemperaturesandthereforereducesNOx.III. Exercises255详细课资vI.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.v1Inoperation,par

163、toftheexhaustgas(usuallylessthan10%)issentbackthroughtheintakemanifold.v在工作中，废气中有一部分气体（常常是低于在工作中，废气中有一部分气体（常常是低于10%）通过）通过进气歧管返回。进气歧管返回。v2Whencombustiontemperatureisincertainhighdegrees,nitrogenmixeswithoxygenandproducesoxidesofnitrogen.v当燃烧的温度达到一定高度时，氮气和氧气混合产生氮氧当燃烧的温度达到一定高度时，氮气和氧气混合产生氮氧化物。化物。III. Ex

164、ercises256详细课资v3Thesevaporsaredrawnupthroughavacuum-and-spring-controlledventilatingvalveandintotheintakemanifold.v这些被吸出的蒸汽通过真空和弹簧控制的通风阀进入进气这些被吸出的蒸汽通过真空和弹簧控制的通风阀进入进气歧管。歧管。III. Exercises257详细课资vII.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.v1催化转化器提供了另一种废气处理的装置。催化转化器提供了另一种废气处理的装置。vCatalyticconverterspr

165、ovideanothermethodoftreatingexhaustgases.v2炭罐是蒸汽回收控制系统中用来减少污染物排放的一个重要炭罐是蒸汽回收控制系统中用来减少污染物排放的一个重要装置。装置。vCarboncanisterisanimportantdeviceofwhicharebeingusedtoreducetheseemissions.v3汽油车的排放物通常有以下四个来源：油箱、燃油喷射系统、汽油车的排放物通常有以下四个来源：油箱、燃油喷射系统、曲轴箱通风、排气系统。曲轴箱通风、排气系统。vEmissionsfromagasolinedrivenmotorvehicleusua

166、llycomefrom4sources:thefueltank,fuelinjectionsystem,thecrankcase,andtheexhaustsystem.III. Exercises258详细课资Specialized English for Automobile259Specialized English for AutomobileUnit 2-10Intake and Exhaust Systems 260ContentsI.Pre-questionsII.TextExplanationIII.Exercises261详细课资vWhataretheairintakeand

167、exhaustsystemsusedtodo?vtocleantheaircominginandreducethenoisecomingoutI.Pre-questions262详细课资vWhatdoestheintakesystemconsistof?vairfilter,intakeducting,intakemanifolds,andintakeairtemperaturesensor.vSomeengineshavesuperchargerintheintakesystem.I.Pre-questions263详细课资I.Pre-questionsairfilterintakemani

168、foldsintakeducting264详细课资vintakemanifoldsI.Pre-questions265详细课资vWhatdoestheexhaustsysteminclude?vanexhaustmanifold,vexhaustpipe,vcatalyticconverters,vmuffler,vandtailpipe.I.Pre-questions266详细课资I.Pre-questions267详细课资vWhatisthepurposeoftheairfilters?vTotrapcontaminants,vToprovideafreeflowofairintothee

169、ngineI.Pre-questions268详细课资vAirfilterI.Pre-questions269详细课资vForanenginetooperatecorrectly,airmustflowintoandoutoftheenginewithoutrestriction.vrestrictionris triknn.限制限制,约束约束v译文：译文：为了使发动机正常工作，空气必须为了使发动机正常工作，空气必须要不受任何限制的流进或流出发动机。要不受任何限制的流进或流出发动机。II. Text Explanation270详细课资vCatalyticconvertersareemissi

170、oncontroldevicesthatcontainchemicallytreatedsubstancesthatconvertharmfulemissionsintoharmlesscarbondioxideandwatervapor.v译文：译文：三元催化转化器是一种排放控制装置，三元催化转化器是一种排放控制装置，它可以通过内部的化学物质将有害的排放物它可以通过内部的化学物质将有害的排放物转化成无害的二氧化碳和水蒸气。转化成无害的二氧化碳和水蒸气。II. Text Explanation271详细课资CatalyticconverterII. Text Explanation272详细课

171、资vCatalyticconverterII. Text Explanation273详细课资vThemufflerisemployedtoreducetheexhaustsoundoftheengine.vmuffler mfln.消声器消声器vemployvt.使使采、利采、利用用,雇用雇用,使忙于使忙于,使从事于使从事于v译文：译文：消声器是用来降低发动机中排气噪消声器是用来降低发动机中排气噪声的装置。声的装置。II. Text Explanation274详细课资vAturbochargerisadeviceusedtosuperchargeanengine.vturbocharger

172、n.涡轮涡轮增压器增压器vsupercharge sjupvvt.增压增压v译文：译文：涡轮增压器是一套用来为发动机增涡轮增压器是一套用来为发动机增压的设备。压的设备。II. Text Explanation275详细课资II. Text Explanation276详细课资v1-compressor;2-turbine;3-freshairin;v4-intakeducting;5-piston;6-exhaustducting.II. Text Explanation277详细课资vairfiltervintakeductingvintakeairtemperaturesensorvsup

173、erchargervturbochargervtailpipevcompressorvmufflervexhaustmanifoldvpaperelementIII. ExercisesTranslate the following expressions into Chinese.v空气滤清器空气滤清器v进气管进气管v进气温度传感器进气温度传感器v增压器增压器v涡轮增压器涡轮增压器v排气管排气管v压缩机压缩机v消声器消声器v排气歧管排气歧管v纸质滤芯纸质滤芯278详细课资III. ExercisesintakemanifoldsmufflerCatalyticconverters279详细课

174、资vTheexhaustpipeistheconnectingpipebetweentheexhaustmanifoldandthemufflerorcatalyticconverter.Catalyticconvertersareemission controldevicesthatcontain chemicallytreatedsubstancesthatconvertharmful emissionsintoharmless carbondioxideandwatervapor.Thecatalyticconverterisinstalledtoreducehydrocarbons(H

175、C),carbonmonoxide(CO),andnitrousoxides(NOx).Thecatalyticconverterdoesthisbyoperatingathightemperature,whichburnstheunwantedbyproductsofcombustion.III. Exercises280详细课资vI.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.v1Thestraightpipereducesexhaustbackpressure,butitdoesnotreducethesoundasmuchasthebafflet

176、ype.v直管可减少排气的阻力，但是它减少的噪音没有带障碍板类型直管可减少排气的阻力，但是它减少的噪音没有带障碍板类型的多。的多。v2High-velocityexhaustgasespassoutoftheexhaustportsandthenthroughaturbine.v高速的废气通过排气装置，然后穿过涡轮。高速的废气通过排气装置，然后穿过涡轮。v3Theairfilterisusedonenginetotrapcontaminants,yetprovideafreeflowofairintotheengine.v空气滤清器可用来阻止杂质进入，从而保障空气自由地流入发空气滤清器可用来阻

177、止杂质进入，从而保障空气自由地流入发动机中。动机中。III. Exercises281详细课资vII.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.v1发动机进排气系统可以净化流入的空气，降低流出气体的噪声。vTheengineintakeandexhaustsystemsaredesignedtocleantheaircominginandreducethenoisecomingout.v2排气歧管用螺栓固定在发动机缸盖上。vTheexhaustmanifoldisboltedtothecylinderheadoftheengine.v3废气先经过催化器转换，再通过消声器系统排到外部环境。vIttakestheexhaustgasesawaythroughthecatalyticconverter,thenthroughthemufflersystemtotheoutsideenvironment.III. Exercises282详细课资Specialized English for Automobile283