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1、Unit1TechnologyinReverseByRobertJ.SamuelsonHappy2007-2008SchoolYearRandyLiu2021/6/71Objectives:1. Leadd-in Exercises2.Text Explanations 1) General Analysis of the Text Organization 2) Questions and Discussion 3) Language Work -language points - Word-formation -exercises 4) Writing strategies 5) Home
2、work2021/6/72Leadd-in ExercisesvTalkaboutthefollowingquestions:-Whatkindoftechnologyhasimpressedyoumostsofar?-Howhasmoderntechnologyinfluencedourlives?vDoexerciseIandIIonpp.5-6.2021/6/73General Analysis of Text Organization:vThe passage begins with the authors definition of the term “retarded techno
3、logy” that is exemplified by some technology-inspired waste and expensiveness. Then he explores some pro-technology reasons that are not need-based. What he is concerned with is the prevailing misuse of technology that is ordained by our ego and money. 2021/6/74vThe whole passage may follow into thr
4、ee parts: vthe first paragraph functions as the first part, introducing what is retarded technology by employing contrast to advanced technology; the second part may include paragraphs 2-9, in which the author first exemplifies the waste and expensiveness of retarded technology, then he offers us th
5、e reasons for the survival of stupid technology: our ego and money; the last two paragraphs act as the third part, in which the author advises us to be rational towards costly retarded technology by using another contrast.2021/6/75Questions and Discussion vPara 11.Letmeintroduceyoutoretardedtechnolo
6、gy.Whatdoestheauthorimplyinthesentence?-Theauthorimpliesthattechnologymaynotalways push the world ahead,andthatitsometimesholds id back.2.Retardedtechnologyvs.advancedtechnology3.Doestheauthorapproveordisapproveofalltechnology?Why?-Disapprove.Becauseheclassifiestechnologyintotwocategories,“advancedt
7、echnology”,and“retardedtechnology2021/6/764.Whatisthetoneoftheessay?-todiscussthemisconceptionandmisuseoftechnology5.“madewasterespected,elaborate,alluringandevenfun”?Inwhichparagraphcanyoufindtheexamplesof“waste”inthissentence?-Paragraph72021/6/77Paras 2-4v1.Newsweek reportedaboominelectronicbooks.
8、v-NewsweekThe International Newsmagazine (http:/ ), onwhichitsays:Thenationalpressineachcountryisnolongersufficienttofullyunderstandthewaysinwhichnationsandpeopleinteract,andtheimpactthishasonallourlives.Youneedaninternationalviewpoint,andforthis,nothingcanreplaceNewsweek2021/6/782.Heresaswellideaof
9、retardedtechnology.Thefollowingsentencesareobviouslydisadvantagesofretardedtechnology,butwhytheword“swell”isusedinthissentence?-toshowtheauthorswrytoneofwritingthisessay.3.Readparagraph3andthenconcludetheauthorismakinghiscomparisonsintermsof_,_,_,_.(cost,mobility,fragilityanddurability)4.Losingitisn
10、otatraumatizing:Evenifyouloseit,youwontbetooupset.2021/6/795.In para 4:Talkaboutthefollowingquestions:-bottleneck:problem.Whatistheproblemthecomputercreates?-Theauthordiscusseshisviewintwoperspectives:arithmeticandcommonsense.Talkwithyourpeersabouthowtheauthorarguesagainstthepro-technologycomeback”o
11、ncomputerizedlibraries.-Whatdoesthequestionattheendoftheparagraphmean?ItmeansDo most people really need to be able to read all the materials in the New York Public Library?2021/6/710Para 5v1.Readthefirstsentenceofthispara.Theauthorisusinganexampletoargue“technologyracingbackward”.Describethemeaningo
12、ftheexampletoclass.v2.Readthelastsentence:Thevideocostsmoreanddoesless.Discusswhattechniquetheauthorusestohelphimcometothisconclusion.2021/6/711Para 61.Ask the students to read the whole paragraph and then judge the following statements whether they are true or false.1)The author denies that technol
13、ogy may not be all that bad, but expresses his doubt about the pro-technology theory. 2) The author acknowledges that technology may not be all that bad, but expresses his doubt about the pro-technology theory. 3) The author acknowledges that technology may not be all that good, but expresses his be
14、lief in the pro-technology theory. (F) (T) (F)2021/6/7122. Paraphrase the following sentence:vOurs is an area of conspicuous technological upheaval. But the purported gains of new technology rising incomes, greater productivity seem to elude us.- It is obvious that technology in modern age has broug
15、ht great changes. Nevertheless, we have not yet benefited from the supposed gains of new technology rising income and greater productivity.vseem to elude us:arebeyondourreach2021/6/7133.Askthestudentstodiscussthemeaningof“the paradox”.-Itmeansthatnewtechnologyissupposedtobringaboutbenefitstousbutinr
16、ealitysomeofthemseemtoeludeus.4.Talkaboutthemeaningof“whosefullbenefitswillsoonburstuponus”:-whichwillunexpectedlyproduceadvantageousimpactonus.2021/6/714Para 7vParaphrasethefollowingsentences:a.Technologyisoftenmisusedbecausethereasonspeopleembraceitcanbefairlyfrivolous.- People often use technolog
17、y in a wrong way because the reasons people eagerly accept it can be rather foolish.b.Genuinethoughtisdiscouraged.Thesamethought-deadeningprocessafflictsAmericanmanagers.- Creative thought is not appreciated. American managers have been troubled by the fact that independent and active thinking gives
18、 way to dumb numbers.2021/6/715Discusstheideasinthefirstfoursentences:Heclassifiestechnologicalinnovationsaseitherusefulorwasteful.vWhyuseful?-PlentifulandrealgainsvWhywasteful?-Therearethreereasons,noneofwhicharebasedonourneeds.a. Hallmark:afamousgreetingcardcompanyintheUnitedStatesofAmerican2021/6
19、/716Honoluluv港口名称（中文）：港口名称（中文）：火奴鲁鲁(檀香山)v港口名称（英文）：港口名称（英文）：国家：国家：美国v航线：航线：北美v时区：时区：-13-16v港口情况描述：港口情况描述：概述概述港口名称：火奴鲁鲁所属国家：美国自然条件自然条件v该港属热带雨林气候，盛行东北风。平均气温1月为23，7月为27，最热和最冷月份的平均温差为9或更小。每年611月偶受热带风暴和飓风的袭击，在冬季经常发生强风暴雨，油船系泊区可能在数天内不能使用。全年平均降雨量约1400毫米。港西9.5公公里处的珍珠港是美国在太平洋上的重要海军基地。夏威夷是驰名世界的火山岛，风景优美，也是旅游胜地。港
20、口有大型国际机场，主要航空公司都有班机，是一个重要的国际航空站。港区分布及泊位情况港区分布及泊位情况本港外有岛屿作屏障，是一个天然良港，港域面积22平方公里，港内为两大港池，有很多突堤及顺岸码头。港区主要码头泊位有23个,岸线长4252米，最大水深为12.2米。装卸机械及能力装卸机械及能力装卸设备有各种岸吊、集装箱吊、装载塔、拖船及滚装设施等，其中集装箱吊最大起重能力为45吨，还有直径为300750毫米的输油管供装卸使用。v仓储堆场及能力仓储堆场及能力2021/6/717v平均潮差为0.6米。港口位置港口位置位于美国夏威夷州的瓦胡岛的东南沿海，地处太平洋的北部，是夏威夷州的最大港口。它是夏威夷
21、的首府，华人称“檀香山”。它不仅是全州的政治和经济中心，而且是太平洋上重要的海空交通枢纽，战略位置特别重要，大多数横渡太平洋的船只都要进港靠泊。主要工业有2021/6/718v主要工业有制糖、菠萝罐头、石油提炼、水泥、钢筋、炼铝及服装等。港西9.5公公里处的珍珠港是美国在太平洋上的重要海军基地。夏威夷是驰名世界的火山岛，风景优美，也是旅游胜地。港口有大型国际机场，主要航空公司都有班机，是一个重要的国际航空站。港区分布及泊位情况港区分布及泊位情况本港外有岛屿作屏障，是一个天然良港，港域面积22平方公里，港内为两大港池，有很多突堤及顺岸码头。港区主要码头泊位有23个,岸线长4252米，最大水深为1
22、2.2米。装卸机械及能装卸机械及能力力装卸设备有各种岸吊、集装箱吊、装载塔、拖船及滚装设施等，其中集装箱吊最大起重能力为45吨，还有直径为300750毫米的输油管供装卸使用。v仓储堆场及能力仓储堆场及能力2021/6/719b.Mount Everest Effect:theexpressionliterallyindicatescertaineffectspeoplewouldexperiencewhenclimbingthemountain,suchasbreathingdifficulties.Heretheauthorisreferringto its subtle psycholog
23、ical effect.Asthehighest mountain intheworld,itrepresentsthe ultimate challengeformountainclimbers,andsymbolically a challenge for those who are ready to try or see something new and exciting. Theirreadinesstotrysomethingexcitingisnotbasedonpracticalneeds,butisforitsownsake,i.e.forthesatisfactionthe
24、ycanderivefromtheaccomplishmentofsuchatask,justastheauthorputsit,“Wereclimbingthatmountainbecauseitsthere.”c. thought-deadening process:theprocessthatinhibitsactiveandindependentthinking2021/6/720Para 8Paraphrasethefollowingsentence:vThe survival of stupid technology is ordained by ego and money.-Th
25、e reason why such stupid technology can survive has to do with peoples self-esteem and money.vTalkaboutthefunctionsofthisparagraph.-furtherexploresthereasonwhypeoplearefrivolousaboutretardedtechnology.2021/6/721vDiscusswhytheauthorsays“thesurvivalofstupidtechnologyisordainedbyegoandmoney”.-Becausein
26、vestorsneedtoupholdtheirpositiveimagesininvestmentdecisionandtogainprofitfromtheirinvestments,theyeliminatetheoldandinexpensivewaysofdoingthingstohelppaytheretardedtechnology.2021/6/722Para 9vTalkaboutthefollowing:-Theauthoristalkingabouthis_(certainty ofordoubt on)therelationshipbetweenretardedtech
27、nologywithproductivity_(decrease or increase)andmarriage_(what?).-Inwhattoneistheauthortryingtoexpressthethingmentionedabove?-Talkaboutyouropinionsaboutwhetherornotyoubelievecellularphonecouldimprovepeoplesmarriagesandsavestheir“familyvalues”.2021/6/723Paras 10-11vTowhichparagraphispara.10related?In
28、whatway?vWhatistheconnotationof“Itshouldbeasmashingsuccess”?Note:1)thewaythelasttwoparasareconnected;2)concludingandechoingtechniques(thebeatgoesonPara2;Itshouldbeasmashingsuccess.-Para1.)2021/6/724Newton按:Apple公司于1993年推出的Newton可以算是掌上电脑的开始。Newton功能强大,可上网,可与PC机和Mac机同步,能手写识别2021/6/725Thetwoconcludingp
29、arasreturntothe arithmetic troublewith retarded technologywithself-evidenttruth:astandardnotebookisfarsimplerandcheaperthan“personaldigitalassistants”whenperformingthesamefunction.The last sentence is an irony.WhattheauthorreallymeansisthattechnologicallyaNewtonpersonaldigitalassistantcouldbeanimpre
30、ssivesuccess,butonlyintermsofmoney.Itactuallyreinforcesthestatement“Retarded technology creates new and expensive ways of doing things that were once done simply and inexpensively”. 2021/6/726 Languagwe Work -language pointsvParagraph 1retarded:inreverse;returningtosthworse.Retardliteralymeans“todel
31、aythedevelopmentofsth,ortomakesthhappenmoreslowlythanexpected”veg.1)Coldweatherretardsthegrowthofmanyplants.v2)mentally/emotionallyretarded:lessintelligentthanotherpeoplebecauseofslowermentaldevelopmentv3)Ariseininterestrateswouldseverelyretardeconomicgrowth.v4)Severeirondeficiencycancausedevelopmen
32、taldelayandgrowthretardation.2021/6/727vParagraph 21.customized:madeaccordingtousersneeds;vcustomize:tochangesthtomakeitmoresuitabelforyou,ortomakeitlookspecialorunusualveg.Theprogramallowscomputeruserstocustomizethemenu.该程序允许电脑用户自定义菜单。vcustom-made;custom-built:madeforaparticularpersonvcustomary:tha
33、tisthewayisusuallydoneveg.Itiscustomaryforsbtodosth;itisthecustomforsbtodosthvItiscustomaryforthemostimportantpersontositattheendofthetable.按惯例，最重要的人坐首席。2021/6/7282. clogged with sand: blocked with sandclog (up) sth with eg. The roads were clogged with traffic. 路上交通阻赛。v Eating too much fat causes yo
34、ur arteries to clog up.vclog: n. a shoe made of wood 木屐vclever clogs: BrE spoken used to describe sb who is annoying because they are always right or think they are right.vEg. All right, clever clogs, well do it your way. 好了，聪明的家伙，我们就按你的方式办。vpop ones clogs: BrE humorous to die 2021/6/729vParagraph 3
35、Losingitisnotatraumatizingevent:Evenifyouloseit,youwontbetoounset.vtraumatize:tomakesbsoshockedbysththatheisunabletoforgetitortocontinuehislifeasnormal.vEg.Shewascompletelytraumatizedbythedeathofhermother.vtraumatic:adjatraumaticexperienceissoshockingandupsettingthatitaffectssbforalongtimeveg.Dontyo
36、ufindexamstraumatic?vtrauma:averyunpleasantandupsettingexperience;amentalstateofextremeshock;aninjuryv#notethewayoftransitionfromPara2toPara3.2021/6/730vParagraph 41.Aschoollibrarywithonecomputerterminalthatcancallup200,000bookscanserveonlyonereaderatatime.vcallup:ifonecallsupinformationonacomputer,
37、onemakesthecomputershowittohim.2021/6/731vaccess:thewaybywhichonecanenterabuildingorreachaplace;therighttoenteraplacevhaveaccesstoaphone/acomputeretc:haveatelephone,computeretcnearsbwhichhecanusevaccess:vtofindinformation,esp.onacomputervaccessiblevaccessibilityveg.Thetaxinspectorhadcompleteaccessto
38、thecompanyfiles.vThesystemhasbeendesignedtogivetheuserquickandeasyaccesstotherequiredinformation.vTheresortiseasilyaccessiblebyroad,railandair.vTwonewroadsarebeingbuilttoincreaseaccessibilitytothetowncenter.2021/6/732vParagraph 51)Inmybusiness,werebombardedwithpressreleasesforproducts.-Inmybusiness,
39、wereceiveanoverwhelmingnumberofpressreleasesforproducts.vBombard:toattackaplacebyfiringalotofgunsorthrowingbombscontinuouslyatit;tocontinueaskingsbalotofquestionscriticizinghim,orgivingthemalotofimformationatonce.vEg.Bothleaderswerebombardedwithquestionsfromthepress.两位领导人都遭到新闻记者连珠炮似的提问。vbombardiervb
40、ombardmentveg.Theuseofmodernweaponshasmadeitmoredifficulttoprotectciviliansfromaerialbombardment.2021/6/733vParagraph 6vButthepurportedgainsofnewtechnologyseemtoeludeus.-Itseemsthatthegainsthatnewtechnologyissupposedtoofferusarefarbeyondoutreach.vPurport:purporttobe/bepurportedtobeformaltoclaimtobes
41、th,andgiveimpressionthatitistrue,evenifitisnot声称是-，据称是-，像是-vEg.Theypurporttorepresentthewishesofthemajorityofparentsattheschool.vpurport:n(U)formalthegeneralmeaningofwhatsbsays.（某人言论的）主旨，大意veg.Thepurportofherremarkswasclear.2021/6/734vElude:a.toescapefromsborsth,esp.bytrickingthemvEg.Thefleetingrebe
42、lsmanagedtoeludetheirpursuers.vb.ifsththatyouwanteludesyou,youfailtofindorachieveit.vEg.Theyhadminorbreakthroughsbutrealsuccesseludedthem.vc.ifafactortheanswertoaproblemeludesyou,youcannotrememberorsolveit.vEg.Iknowwhoyoumeanbuthernameeludesme.velusive:difficulttounderstand/achieve/findetcveg.Themea
43、ningofthepoemwassomewhatelusive.velusiveness2021/6/735vParagraph 71.Offset:offset/offsettingifsthsuchasacostorsumofmoneyoffsetsanothercost,sumetcorisoffsetagainstit,ithasanoppositeeffectsothatthesituationremainsthesame.补偿，抵消vbeoffsetbyveg.In1992thecostofthelayoffswasoffsetbythesavingsonthepayroll.在1
44、992年，裁员成本费用因工薪总额的减少而得以弥补。voffsetsthagainststhveg.Hewasabletooffsethistravelexpensesagainsttax.他用旅费抵消了他的税。tomakesthlookbetterbybeingclosetoitanddifferent忖托出veg.Streaksofblondinhishairoffsethisdeeptan.他头发中的几缕金发忖托出他黝黑的肤色。2021/6/7362.Technologyisoftenmisusedbecausethereasonspeopleembraceitcanbefairlyfri
45、volous.-Peopleoftenusetechnologyinawrongwaybecausethereasonspeopleeagerlyacceptitcanberatherfoolish.vEmbrace:a.toputyourarmsaroundsbandholdtheminafriendlyorlovingwayvEg.Sheembracedhersongenderly.vb.formaltoincludesthaspartofasubject,discussionetcvEg.Linguisticsembracesadiverserangeofsubjectssuchasph
46、oneticsandstylistics.vc.formaltoacceptandusenewideas,opinionsetceagerlyvEg.Howoldwereyouwhenyouembracedfeminism?vd.formaltostarttobelieveinareligionorpoliticalsystemvEg.SheembracedtheMuslimfaith.2021/6/737vFrivolous:notseriousorsensible,vfrivolity:lackofseriousorsensiblethoughtorbehaviorvEg.Yourfriv
47、olityisoutofplaceonsuchasolemnoccasion.vfrivolities(plural)sillyoramusingactionsorwords;unimportantorunnecessarythingsveg.Studentlifeshouldbemorethanpartiesandotherfrivolities.学生生活不应该仅仅是聚会和其他无关紧要的活动。vIamfartoobusytowastetimeonfrivolitieslikegoingtothecinema.2021/6/738vexult:formaltoshowthatyouarever
48、yhappyandproud,esp.becauseyouhavesucceededindoingsthvexultat/insth;exultoversbveg.Theyexultedattheirvictory.vThepeopleexultedovertheirfallenenemies.人们为击败敌人而欢欣鼓舞。vexultationvexultantadjformalveryhappyorproud,espbecauseyouhavesucceededindoingsthveg.Exultantcrowdsweredancinginthestreets.2021/6/739vPara
49、graph 8vLanguagePoints:Thesurvivalofstupidtechnologyisordainedbyegoandmoney.-Thereasonwhysuchstupidtechnologycansurvivehastodowithpeoplesself-esteemandmoney.vOrdain:a.toofficiallymakesomeoneapriestorreligiousleadervordainsb(as)sthveg.Paulsonwasordaineddeacon.保尔森被任命为执事牧师。vb.formaltoorderthatsthshould
50、happenveg.Thelawsordainedthatthemurdersshallbehanged.vordination:theactorceremonymakingsbapriestvinstitutionalized:thathashappenedforsolonginanorganizationorsocietythatithasbecomeacceptedasnormal2021/6/740vinstitution:a.alargeestablishmentororganizatinthathasparticularkindofworkorpurposeveg.Afinanci
51、alinstitutionvb.alargebuildingwhereoldpeopleororphansliveandarelookedafgerbyanofficialorganization;aneuphemisticexpressionformentalhospitalveg.Theatmosphereoftheinstitutionwasratherimpersonal.这家养老院缺乏人情味。vc.anestablishedsystemorcustominsocietyveg.Theinstitutionofmarriagevd.theactofstartingorintroduci
52、ngasystem,ruleetc开创，制定veg.Theyapprovedtheinstitutionofanewlaw.他们同意制定一部新法律。ve.humoroustobesowellknowninaplacethatyouseemtobeapermanentpartofit.在某地为人所熟知的人。vEg.BillTuckerhasbeenthepostmaninourvillagefor40years.Hesbecomesomethingofaninstitution.比尔.塔克在我们村里做邮递员有40年了，他已成为我们村的知名人物。2021/6/741vParagraph 91.su
53、bsidy:moneythatispaidbyagovernmentororganizatontomakepriceslower,reducethecostofproducinggoodsetcvinternationaldisagreementovertradesubsidies有关贸易补贴的国际纠纷vsubsidizeveg.Farmingispartlysubsidizedbythegovernment.2021/6/742vsubsidizervsubsidizationvsubsidiary:adjconnectedwith,butlessimportantthan,themainp
54、lain,subject,eventetc附属的，次要的veg.Tpanythatisownedorcontrolledbyanothercompany子公司veg.asubsidiaryofaUSparentcompany美国母公司的一家子公司2021/6/743Word-formationPara 1vretarded:retard,retardationveg.,mentally/emotionallyretarded;vAriseininterestrateswouldseverelyretardeconomicgrowth.Para 3vThenounformsofsuchadjec
55、tivesasmobile, fragile and durable:v-Mobile,fragilityanddurabilityvTraumatizing:veryshockingandupsettingforalongtermv-Traumatizetraumatizedmeaning upsetv-traumatic:vEg,Dontyoufindexamstraumatic?2021/6/744vPara 4vPro-technology:infavoroftechnologyv1.pro:infavorof,supporting,pro-American亲美的；反义词antivUs
56、age:IninformalspokenEnglishproissometimesusedasapreposition.vEg,Sheisveryprothepresentgovernment.极其赞成现政府2021/6/7452.pros,n.,infml for PROFESSIONAL,专门职业者;aprofootballer3.prosandcons:thereasonsforandagainstsomething4.PRO:apublicrelationsofficer(公关人员)，公关主任vaccess to sth.vhave access to sthvaccessible:
57、Theresortiseasilyaccessiblebyroad,railandair.vaccessibility:Tworoadsarebeingbuilttoincreaseaccessibilitytothetowncenter.2021/6/746vPara 9vsubsidy:moneythatispaidbyagovernmentororganizationtomakepriceslower,reducethecostofproducinggoodsetcvinternationaldisagreementovertradesubsidies有关贸易补贴的国际纠纷vsubsid
58、izeveg.Farmingispartlysubsidizedbythegovernment.2021/6/747vsubsidizervsubsidizationvsubsidiary:adjconnectedwith,butlessimportantthan,themainplain,subject,eventetc附属的，次要的eg.Tpanythatisownedorcontrolledbyanothercompany子公司eg.asubsidiaryofaUSparentcompany美国母公司的一家子公司2021/6/748ExercisesvExercise II Langua
59、ge work on p.7vOther exercises in the exercise section.2021/6/749Writing Strategiesv#2 Discussions in text organizationvThewritingtypes(Description, Narration, Exposition 解释、说明解释、说明 and Argument.)andtheexpositoryorganizationalpattern(p.11,No.1).Whichtypedoestheessaybelongto?vThisisapieceoftechnicale
60、xposition.Pleasebeclearofthefollowingpoints:2021/6/750v- In writing projects in the world of business, industry or technology, practically all writing is a mixture of these four types.v- Exposition is a type of oral or written discourse that is used to explain, describe, give information or inform.
61、The creator of an expository text cannot assume that the reader or listener has prior knowledge or prior understanding of the topic that is being discussed.v- Oral exposition is primarily observed in oral academic presentations, business talk, and speeches that are delivered to a group of people. Ex
62、pository writing and speech surround us in our everyday lives.2021/6/751v- There are different types of expository organizational patterns:vCircumlocution婉转说法婉转说法, narrative interspersion, description, sequence, comparison, cause and effect, problem and solution. This essay follows the description p
63、attern in which the author describes technology in reverse by listing characteristics, features, and examples. These patterns are beneficial to us in understanding the authors topic from the perspectives of the side-effects of technology, the changing of lifestyles, and the causing of our health problems, etc.2021/6/752Homework1.Writeasummarywithin800wordsforUnitThree Walls and Barriers inA New English Coursebook6(李观议，2004：33),whichshouldbedevelopedaroundthetopic Are walls built with advanced technology?(wordlimit:400)2021/6/753部分资料从网络收集整理而来，供大家参考，感谢您的关注！
