八年级下册英语人教版知识要点汇总【打印版】

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1、八八年级上册知识点年级上册知识点Unit 1 Whats the matter?单元目标单元目标1. 学会谈论健康问题,健康状况(Talk about your health)2. 能够辨认身体部位。(parts of the body)3. 能够提供建议(Give advice)重点词汇重点词汇1. head 头2. neck 颈部3. back后背4. leg腿5. arm手6. hand手7. foot脚8. nose鼻子9. eye眼睛10. ear耳朵11. mouth嘴12. tooth牙齿13. stomach胃14. headache 头痛15. toothache 牙痛16.

2、 stomachache 胃痛17. fever 发烧18. backache 后背痛19. sore throat咽部疼痛20. tired累的21. thirsty口渴的22. hungry饿的23. dentist牙医重点短语重点短语1. have a stomachache胃痛2. have a cold感冒3. lie down躺倒4. take ones temperature给某人量体温5. have a fever发烧6. go to a doctor看医生7. get off离开,出发8. to ones surprise令某人惊讶的是八年级下册英语人教版知识要点汇总八年级下

3、册英语人教版知识要点汇总9. agree to (do sth)同意做某事10. get into trouble陷入麻烦11. fall down摔打,12. thanks to幸亏,由于13. in time及时14. give up放弃15. be interested in对.感兴趣16. make a decision做决定17. cut off砍到,切碎重重点句型点句型1. Whats the matter?怎么了?2. I have a stomachache.我胃痛。3. What should I do?我应该做什么?4. I think you should lie dow

4、n and rest.我认为你应该躺下休息5. If your head and neck still hurt tomorrow,then go to a doctor.如果你的头和脖子明天仍然痛,那么去看医生吧。6. He hurt himself in P.E class.他在体育课上伤害了自己。语法难点语法难点情态动词 should(1) should 作情态动词时,表示责任和义务,含义是“应该:应当”,可用于各种人称。如:What do you think I should do? 你认为我应该做些什么?(2) should 可用来表示推测和估计,常译成“按说应该”。如:I thin

5、k she should arrive home by now. 我想她此刻应该回家了。(3) should 与 how,why,what 等词连用,多表达惊讶、意外等情绪。如:How should I know? 我怎么知道?高频考点高频考点1. How to talk about our health .问某人哪儿不舒服。When we are not feeling well , we often go to see the doctor . The doctor will ask :Whats wrong (with you) ?Whats the matter (with you)

6、?Whats your trouble ?What happens to you ?(Is there) anything wrong with you ?都表示“你怎么了”。叙述病情。There is something wrong with my tooth .我的牙出问题了。Doctor , Im not feeling well .我感觉不好,医生。I feel terrible .我感觉糟透了。I feel very ill .我感觉病得很重。This place hurts . (Ive got a pain here)这个地方疼。My leg hurts .我腿疼。I dont

7、feel like eating .我不想吃东西。I have a cold .我感冒了。I have a fever .我发烧了。I have a headache .我头疼。处置或提出建议:1)Open your mouth , please . 张开嘴。I want to take your temperature .我想测测你的体温。2)Take this medicine three times a day .这个药一天吃三次。3) Take three pills before you go to bed .睡前服用三片。4) Youd better stay in bed til

8、l tomorrow .最好卧床休息到明天。5) Drink lots of water and have a good rest .多喝水,好好休息。6) You should lie down and rest .卧床多休息。7) You should drink hot tea with honey .你应该喝加蜂蜜的热茶。8) You should see a dentist .你应该去看牙医。9) You should go to bed early .你应该早点上床(休息)。2. 关于情态动词 should1) 情态动词should 表“建议、应该”,其否定形式为 shouldnt

9、 .它用于所有人称。在其后应为动词原形。You should wait a little more . 你应该再多等一会儿。He should tell me about it .他应该告诉我这件事。2) 在表示要求、命令时,语气由 should(应该)、had better(最好)、must(必须)逐渐加强。在本单元主要是表建议“应当”或“应该”。3. have a cold 感冒,还可以说 get a cold .我得了重感冒:I have a very bad cold .在这里 cold 是名词,因此前边可以加冠词“a”、有时也可以说:I have got a very bad col

10、d . 或:I have had a very bad cold .4. He shouldnt eat anything for 24 hours . 他不应在 24 小时内吃任何东西。在这里因为是否定句, 因而不用 something, 而用 anything, 同 some 和 any 的区别一样,something 用于肯定句中,而 anything 用于否定或疑问句中,如:Theres something wrong with him .他出问题了,或他病了。Is there anything I can help ?我能帮忙吗?又如:Do you have any brothers

11、 ?你有兄弟吗?I have some good friends .我有一些朋友。I never have any fun .我从没什么乐趣。never 是否定词,因此我们用 any,不用 some5.Whats the matter with you ?你怎么了?with 是个介词,后边可以跟名词或代词。Whats the matter with Sonja ?Sonja 怎么了?6.I am not feeling well .feel wellwell 表示“好” ,这里不用“good”。7.Shes tired . 她很累。tired 是个形容词, 可以说 feel tired 感到很

12、累, 或说 get tired.She feels tired. 或 She getstired .8.Traditional Chinese doctors believe we need a balance of cooling yin and hot yang to behealthy .传统中医认为我们需要通过阴阳调和来保持健康。其中 a balance of平衡keep a balance of 保持一个平衡如 keep a balance of nature 保持自然(生态)平衡。be healthy,keep healthy,stay healthy 都是保持健康的意思。heal

13、thy 是个形容词,其名词形式为 health .9. on the other hand 另一方面。经常与 on (the) one hand 一起连用。表示一方面另一方面。如: On one hand we should study hard , on the other hand we should keep healthy .我们一方面要努力学习,另一方面应该保持身体健康。10. too much yang in their lives .too much 和 too many 都表示许多。too much 后接不可数名词,如 water , money 等。too many 后接可数

14、名词的复数,如 students , flowerslives 是名词 life 的复数形式。11. Its important to eat a balanced diet .吃(营养)平衡的饮食是很重要的。balanced 在此处是形容词,表示“平衡的”。It 是形式主语,真正的主语是“to eat a balanced diet”,但因主语太长,为了句子平衡,将主语用it 代替,这是 it 的又一功能。12.Im not feeling very well at the moment .at the moment .1)用于现在时态中,意思为“此刻”,如:I am busy at the

15、 moment . 我此刻很忙。2)用于过去时中,表示“当时”,如:I was busy at the moment . 我当时很忙。引引领人生领人生A bad thing never dies.坏事传千年Unit 2 Ill help to clean up the city parks.单单元目标元目标1. 能够以口译形式谈论志愿工作。2. 能够正确运动一般将来时。3. 能够书写以志愿工作为话题的书面表达。重点词汇重点词汇1.cheer欢呼2.volunteer志愿者3.notice发现4.lonely孤单的5.several几个6.feeling感觉7.satisfaction满意8.o

16、wner拥有者9.raise提高,上升10.alone独自,一个人11.repair修理12.train训练13.kindness善良14.change改变15. disabled残疾的重点短语重点短语1. clean up 清扫2. give out 分发,发放3. cheer up=makehappier 使.高兴4. come up with =think up 提出,想出5. write down 写下,记下6. set up=establish 建立7. volunteer ones time to do sth.自愿花时间做.8. make plans 计划干.9. use up

17、用完,耗尽10. take after 在性格或长相方面与父母相象11. fix up 修理12. give away 捐赠13. be similar to 与.相似14. hung out 闲荡15. disabled people 残疾人16. go out of ones way to do sth 帮助.做事,解决难题(摆脱困境)17. train sb. to do sth. 训练某人做某事重点句型重点句型1. I hope to work outside.我希望到外面工作。2. I want to learn more about how to care for animals.

18、我想要学习更多有关于如何能照顾动物的方法。3. I get such a strong feeling of satisfaction when I see the animals get better and the look of joyon their owners faces.当我看到动物变得更健康以及它们主人脸上高兴的表情时,我得到一中强烈的满足感。4. You could help to clean up the city parks.你可以帮助打扫城市公园。语语法难点法难点一般将来时: 将来时间计划发生或将要发生的动作和存在的状态。 常与表示将来的时间状语连用,如:tomorro

19、w .,next ,the day after tomorrow , in 5 minutes ,soon,等。构成:will do/be & be going to do/be例如:Ill help clean the city parks next week高频考点高频考点1.hunger n.饥饿 adj.饥饿的Eg. In the old days, many people died of hunger.旧社会,许多人死于饥饿。2.homeless adj.无家可归的。在名词词尾加后缀 less 变为否定形容词。如:1) help+less=helpless : 意为“无助的;2) c

20、are+ less=careless 意为“粗心的”;3)hope+ less=hopeless“无望的”; 4) use+ less=useless“无用的”;3. set v.摆放、放置、(太阳)落下 set up 建立 set off=set out 出发、动身4.cheer v. cheer up sb.或 cheer sb. up 意为“(使某人)高兴起来,振作起来”。如果是代词做宾语,则将代词放在中间。5.fix v.修理 fix up 相当于 repair,表示“修理,修补,整理”,其后跟物件名词作宾语。特别提示。如果 fix up 的宾语是“人”的话,则构成 fix sb. u

21、p with sth.句型,表示“为某人安排某件事,向某人提供某物”。Eg:Ill fix you up with a place to stay. 我来给你安排住处。6.similar adj.相似的 be similar to 意为“与类似”;be the same as“与完全相同”。takeafter sb. 表示“长相或举止像(某个长辈)”,不能用于被动语态。7. pleasure 意为“高兴,快乐”,是不可数名词;表示“乐趣,高兴的事”时是可数名词。在口语中 Its pleasure. 是回答感谢的客套语。 Thank you for your help. 感谢你的帮助。Its a

22、 pleasure. 不用谢。特别提示pleased 是形容词,意为“自己感到高兴的,欣喜的,满意的,其主语为人。pleasant 也是形容词,表示“使人感到愉快满意”,一般用作定语,如主语是物,也可以用作表语。Eg. Its pleasant weather today. 今天的天气令人愉快。Its very pleasant to sit down after standing for hours.站了几小时后坐下来很舒服。please 是动词,表示“(使)高兴,满意,愉快”。8.shut v, (shut, shut) “关”,在许多情况下可以与 close 互换,只是后者语气较弱,Eg

23、. close thedoor 关门(也可能指半开半闭),shut the door 关门(指把门关紧)。当表示“关闭公路,铁路或交通工具”或作“结束”讲时,只用 close。Eg:They have closed the road for thick fog. 由于大雾,那条公路被关闭。特别提示turn off 用来表示“关闭”有开关的东西,如收音机、电视、煤气、水龙头等。9. carry v.“搬运,携带”,不表示带到什么地方,而携带的方式可以是提、扛、背、抱、抬等。10. fetch v. 相当于 go and bring back,意为“取来,接来”,表示一往一返。引引领人生领人生A

24、bird is known by its note, and a man by his talk.闻其歌知其鸟,听其言知其人。Unit 3 Could you please clean your rom?单元目标单元目标1. 礼貌地提出请求:用 could 委婉地表示请求。2. 礼貌地请求允许:用 could 委婉地请求许可。3. make 与 do 的区别。重点词汇重点词汇1. rubbish垃圾2. fold折叠3. sweep拖4. mess混乱,困境5. throw扔,丢6. neither两者都不的7. borrow借进8. lend借出9. finger手指10. while一会儿

25、,当.时候11. stress压力12. waste浪费13. provide提供14. fairness公平15. since自从.16. depend依靠17. develop发展重点短语重点短语1. work on 从事,忙于2. have a test 考试3. fold ones clothes 叠衣服4. do the chores 做杂务5. get a ride 搭车6. wash the car 刷车7. do the dishes 洗餐具8. use ones computer 使用某人的电脑9. go to the store 去商店10. work on 从事,忙于11

26、. work at 学习、致力于、在上下工夫12. do the laundry = do some washing = wash clothes 洗衣服13. take out the trash 倒垃圾14. make breakfast / make dinner = do some cooking 做饭15. invite sb. to do sth 邀请某人做某事16. make ones bed 铺床17. sweep the floor 清扫地板重重点句型点句型1. Could you please sweep the floor?2. You have to clean you

27、r room.3. I dont understand why some parents make their kids help with housework and chores athome.4. They should spend their time on schoolwork in order to get good grades and get into a gooduniversity.5. I think it is important for children to learn how to do chores and help their parents withhous

28、ework.语法难点语法难点1. Peter, could you please take out the trash? Sure, Mom.Could you please do the dishes? Sorry, I cant. I have to do my homework.(1)在表示请求帮助或请求允许的疑问句中,常用 could 代替 can,以表示礼貌,委婉或不确定的语气,而 can 则不具备这些语气。这种情况下不能把 could 看作 can 的过去式。以上两句中用 could 是为了表示礼貌的请求。表示请求帮助或请求允许时,除了 can, could 之外,还可以用 may

29、,句子的表达方式也各有不同,可以用不同的方式来表示同一个概念。例:Could/Can/May I use your car for a day?I wonder if I could use your car for a day?Do you mind if I use your car for a day?对于、句所作允答可以各种各样,如同意可以说 Yes, 或 Sure 或 Certainly, 还可说 Yes, (do) please. 或 Of course. (you may/can). 或Go ahead, please. 或 Thats OK/all right. 如果不同意,可

30、以说 Im sorry you cant. 或 Im really sorry, but I have to use it today. 要避免说 No, you cant. 这样显得很不礼貌。否定回答通常用委婉语气。对于句(3)所作回答可以说 Never mind. /Not at all. 表不介意。不能用 Yes. /Sure. /Of course. /Certainly.等。无论肯定还是否定应答中,要避免使用 could,要用 can 或 may。因为应答须用确定的语气。而 could 在表请求的问句中是为了表示礼貌或委婉语气,用在应答中则成了不确定语气,与情理不符。所以应答中不说

31、Yes, you could. 或 No, you couldnt. 而要说 Yes, you can. 或Sorry. /No, you cant.高高频考点频考点1. 区别动词 do 和 make。do与动作及非实质性的事连用,与词尾是ing 的动作名词连用,如:do the dishes(洗餐具) , do my homework (做我的家庭作业) , do chores (做家务, 处理琐事) , do the laundry(洗衣),do the shopping(购物),do some reading(读书)make表示做、制造、整理、冲、泡(饮料)等,如: make your

32、bed(铺床),make breakfast(做早餐),make dinner(做晚饭),make tea(泡茶,沏茶),make myself a cup of coffee(给自己冲一杯咖啡) (3)take out 带出(人),取出(物);take out of 从里取出2. Could I please use your computer?Sorry,Im going to work on it now.Could I/you please ?表示一种有礼貌的请求或提议, 其后连接原形动词, 比 Can you /I?语气更委婉。类似句型有:Would you like + sth.

33、/ to do sth.?May I + do sth. ? Shall we + do sth.?Would you mind + sth. /doing sth.?What / How about + sth. /doing sth.?肯定回答有 Sure. /Of course. / Certainly. /OK. /Great. / Well. / Good idea. / I agree. 等。否定回答有 Sorry . / No, you cant. 等。3. I hate to do chores.Do you like to do the laundry? No, Its bo

34、ring. I dont like doing the dishes because its boring.(1)hate vt. 不喜欢,讨厌、恨,没有进行时。hate 后可接 to do 也可接 doing,意义无大差别,只是 to do 更多表示具体的一次性的动作,而 doing 更多表示习惯性,经常的一般的动作。这与 like 后接 to do 或 doing 的用法一样。(2)对比由动词加ing 和ed 构成的形容词:动词加ing 构成的形容词可以指人或物,在句中作定语或表语;动词加ed 构成的形容词通常用来指人,作表语,通常不作定语。例: boringbored, relaxing

35、relaxed, surprisingsurprised, excitingexcited, interestinginterested4. Could I invite my friends to a party on Saturday? invite vt. 邀请, 意同 ask,但 invite 更正式。invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事。 e. g. They invited me to join their club.invite sb. to sth. / invite sb. for sth.e. g. He invited us for the conc

36、ert.invitation n. 邀请 e. g. Thanks for your invitation. Thank you for asking /inviting me.5. Thanks for taking care of my dog.take care of照顾、照料、注意,意思侧重于负责任的意思,后面的宾语可以是表示人或事物的名词或代词。e. g. Mother takes good care of her children.eg:Its not easy to take care of the sick.注:look after 一般情况下可替换 take care of,

37、意思上强调看管或照料。eg:I have to look after my sick dog at home.6. Play with him. play with 玩;用娱乐。eg: Little girls like playing with dolls.Tell children not to play with fire.7. Im going to move to a new house. move to /into 搬到,搬入eg:They moved into the new apartment last week.Later his family moved to New Yo

38、rk.8. I need some help.We need to clean the house.need 作动词用法:sb need sth. /sb need to do sth. sth need to be done sth need doing例如:I need to buy a new coat.我需要买一件新外套。The desk needs repairing.=The desk needs to be repaired. 这张桌子需要修理一下。 need 还可用作情态动词,必须,否定形式neednt,后跟动词原形。 例如:You neednt call him at onc

39、e. 你不需要立刻给他打电话。need 作名词时指需要,必需时为不可数名词,指必需品,要求时常用复数。例如:Theres no need to do that. 不需要做那事。We have to work hard to meet the peoples needs. 我们必须努力工作以满足人们所需。引引领人生领人生A bird is known by its note, and a man by his talk.闻其歌知其鸟,听其言知其人。Unit 4 Why dont you talk to your parents?单元目标单元目标1. 学会使用 Why dont you do.?提

40、建议。2. should 和 could 的用法。重点词汇重点词汇1. allow 允许;准许2. wrong 错误的;不对的 guess 猜测;估计3. relation 关系;联系;交往4.Communication 交流;沟通 argue 争吵;争论5. cloud 云;云朵6. elder 年级较长的7. instead 代替;反而;却8. whatever 任何;每一9. nervous 焦虑的;担忧的10. offer 主动提出;自愿给予11. proper 正确的;恰当的12. explain 解释;说明13. clear 清楚易懂的14. copy 复制复印15. return

41、 回来;回去16. member 成员;分子17. compete 竞争;对抗18. opinion 意见;想法;看法 skill 技巧;技艺19. continue 持续;继续存在 compare 比较20. crazy 不理智的;疯狂的21. push 推动;移动22. development 发展;成长23. cause 造成;引起24. usual 通常的;寻常的 perhaps 可能;大概;也许重重点短语点短语1. have free time 有空闲时间2. allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事3. hang out with sb. 与某人闲逛5. get i

42、nto a fight with sb. 与某人吵架/打架7. talk to sb. 与某人交谈8. write sb. a letter 给某人写信9. call sb. up 打电话给某人10. look through 翻看11. be angry with sb. 生某人的气12. a big deal 重要的事13. work out 成功地发展;解决14. get on with 和睦相处;关系良好15. hang over 笼罩16. refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事17. offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事18. so that 以便19. min

43、d sb. doing sth. 介意某人做某事20. in future 今后21. make sb. angry 使某人生气22. worry about sth. 担心某事23. copy ones homework 抄袭某人的作业24. spend time alone 独自消磨时光25. give sb. pressure 给某人施压26. have a fight with sb. 与某人吵架27. compete with sb. 与某人竞争28. get better grades 取得更好的成绩29. give ones opinion 提出某人的观点30. learn ex

44、am skills 学习应试技巧31. practice sports 体育训练32. cause stress 造成压力33. cut out 删除重点句型重点句型1. I studied until mid night last night so I didnt get enough sleep.我昨晚学习到半夜所以睡眠不足。2. Why don t you forge t about it?你为什么不忘掉它呢?3. Although shes wrong, its not a big deal.虽然她错了,但这并不是什么大事儿。4. He should talk to his frien

45、d so that he can say hes sorry.他应该跟朋友谈谈以便他能说声对不起。5. May be you could go to his house.也许你可以去他家。6. I guess I could, but I dont want to surprise him.我想我可以.但我不想让他感到惊讶。语语法难点法难点一、情态动词 should 与 could 的用法should 的用法should 为情态动词,表示劝告、建议,意为“应该”,它和其他情态动词一样,没有人称和数的变化,后接动词原形,其否定形式为 shouldt。例:Maybe she should say

46、sorry to you.也许她应该跟你说声对不起。could 的用法情态动词 could 既是 can 的过去式,表示过去的能力,又可以表示谨慎、客气的建议,后接动词原形,其否定形式为 couldnt。例:My grandfather could drive well even at the age of eighty.我的祖父甚至到了 80 岁任然能很好地驾车。You could go out and buy her some medicine.你可以出去给他买些药。典型例题The girl read before she went to school?A. CouldB.CouldntC

47、.ShouldD.May解析:此题考查情态动词。表示过去的能利用 could,故选 A。二、状语从句状语从句就是在句子中作状语的从句。状语从句有好几种,如时间状语从句、原因状语从句、条件状语从句、结果状语从句、目的状语从句等。本单元重点讲述以下三种类型的状语从句。1.until 引导的时间状语从句until 意为“直到;在.之前”。注意 until 和 not.until 在用法上的区别。如:Continue in this direction until you see a sign.一直朝着这个方向走直到你看见一个指示牌。I didnt wake up until I heard the

48、alarm clock.直到听到闹钟的铃声我才醒来。so that 引导的目的状语从句so that 是连词,意为“为的是,以便”,引导目的状语从句。注意 so that,in order that和 in order to 在用法上的区别。如:Let me take down your telephone number so that I can call you later.让我记下你的号码,为的是以后好打电话给你。although 引导的状语从句although 是连词,意为“即使,尽管”,引导让步状语从句。如:Although he had only entered the conte

49、st for fun,he won frist prize.尽管他参加这次竞赛只不过是闹着玩而已,却赢得了头等奖。高高频考点频考点allow 与 let 的区别allow 指“允许”,表示“默许,听任,不加阻止”,allow sb to do sth 允许某人做某事。Let 指“让”,let sb do sth 让某人做某事,语意较弱,多用于口语中,let 不能用于被动语态。instead 与 instead of 的辨析instead 为副词,常放在句首或句尾,表示前面的事情没做,而做了后面的事情。例:Lee was ill so I went instead.李病了,所以我去了。inste

50、ad of 为介词短语,后面一般接名词、代词、介词短语或动名词形式。例:She wrote to him instead of calling him.=She didnt call him.She wrote to him instead.她没有给他打电话,而是给他写了封信。offer 与 provide 的辨析offer 意为“提供,供给,提议”,强调主动,自愿给予,offer 后可接名词或代词,不接宾语从句。offer sb sth=offer sth to sb 表示“向某人提供某物”,对方可以接受,也可以不接受;offer to do sth 提议去做某事。例:He offered

51、to lend me some books.他提出要借给我一些书。I offered her a beautiful dress.我给了她一件漂亮的连衣裙。provide 强调为应付意外、突发事件、紧急情况等做好充分准备而“提供,供给”,多数情况是免费的,常用于 provide sb with sth 和 provide sth for sb,表示“为某人提供某物”。例:We provide children with good education.我们为儿童提供良好的教育。The shool provided food for the students.学校为学生们提供伙食。be good

52、atbe good at 意为“擅长,善于”,该短语常用与修饰名词、代词或动词ing 形式,相当于 dowell in.例:She is good at English.她英语学的好。=She does well in English.althoughalthough 为连词,意为:虽然;即使;纵然”,引导让步状语从句时放在主句前后都可。例:Although he is very old,yer he is quite strong.他虽然年纪大了,但身体还很健壮。howeverhowever 为副词,在句中作插入语,起一个连词的作用,一般用逗号与句子分开,可以放在句首或句中,意为“然而,尽管

53、如此”。例:Its raining hard,However,I think we should go out.雨下的很大。尽管如此,我认为我们还应该出去。no longer 与 not any more 的用法区别。no longer(=not.any more)常用来修饰延续性动词,表示与过去相比不再.,常用于一般现在时,但也可用在过去式和将来时的句子里,主要强调“时间不再延长”。例:He no longer lives here.他不再住在这儿了。not.any more(=no more)常用来修饰非延续性动词,通常指今后“再也不”,表示不再重复发生以前发生的动作或存在的状态,强调终止

54、,多用于将来时,但也可用于过去时。例:I shall go there no more.我再也不到那儿去了。【注意】表示时间时用 no longer,多放在系动词后或实义动词前,强调数量或程度时用 nomore,放在系动词后或句末。continue,go on,lastcontinuev.继续,持续,指进程在时间或空间上的延续,强调持续不断,有时也可以指短暂停止后继续进行。例:He continue the work for two days.他连续两天都在做这项工作。go on 指无间歇或有间歇地继续,或以某种特定方式继续。go on to do sth 继续做某事,指开始做另外一件事;go

55、 on doing sth 继续做原来所做的事情。例:After doing his homework,he went on to preview his lessons.做完家庭作业之后,他继续去预习他的研究。lastv.持续,延续,维持,指某事物继续存在或某种现象在时间上延续,说明某一动作要延续一段时间。例:She wont last long in that job.那个工作她做不了多久。cause,reason,excusecause n.原因,指引起某种结果的“原因”,后接介词 of.例:The cause of the accident was the fact that he w

56、as driving too fast.事故的原因是他开车开的太快。reasonn.理由,原因,指决定做某事或采取某项行动的理由。例:The reason he was driving so fast was that he didnt want to miss an important meeting.他开车如此快的原因是他不想错过一个重要的会议。excusen.辩解,借口,指对某种行为所做的解释,可以是真的,也可以是托词。例:He made a good excuse for his driving.他为自己开快车找了一个堂皇的借口。perhaps,probably,possibly,ma

57、ybeperhaps 意为“也许,可能”,一般指比较小的可能性。例:Perhaps I will see him the day after tomorrow,but I am not sure.也许我后天去看他,不过我不能确定。probably 意为“很可能,大概”,其可能性最大,表示一种几乎完全肯定的意思。例:He will probably refuse the offer.他很可能会拒绝这份提议。possibly 意为“可能,或许,也许”,可能性较大。例:Ill see you today,or possibly tomorrow.我今天要见你,不过也可能是明天。maybe 意为“或许

58、,大概”,主要用于非正式场合,常用在口语中,语气比 perhaps 轻。例:Maybe you put the letter in your basket.或许你把信放在你的篮子里了。“Its +adj+for sb+to do sth”与 “Its +adj+of sb+to do sth”的区别“Its +adj+for sb+to do sth”不含有“Sb is+adj”的意思例:It is not difficult for you to learn a foreign language if you spend time and energy on it.如果你花时间和精力,学好一

59、门外语并不难。“Its +adj+of sb+to do sth”含有“Sb is+adj”的意思,形容词往往表示的是该逻辑主语的特征或性格,常用于这个句型的形容词有 kind,good,nice,clever,foolish 等。例:It was wise of him to do that.他那样做是明智的。too many, too much 和 much too 在使用时的区别这三个词语的主要区别在于它们的中心词以及它们所修饰的词不同。 三者之中的前一个词都是修饰词,用来加强语气,后一个词是中心词。因此,在使用时只需要考虑后一个词的用法就行了。分述如下:(1)too many 的中心词

60、是 many, 用法与 many 相同,用来修饰复数可数名词。例如:Hes got too many questions to ask you. 他有很多问题要问你。(2)too much 的中心词是 much, 用法与 much 相同,用来修饰不可数名词。例如:Im afraid that Ive given you too much trouble. 恐怕我太麻烦你了。另外,too much 还可作名词性短语,用作宾语; 也可作副词性短语,在句中用作状语,修饰动词。例如:He talked too much at the meeting, didnt he? 他在会上讲得太多了,是吗?(3

61、)much too 的中心词是 too, 用法与 too 相同,用来修饰原级形容词或副词。例如:Youre walking much too fast. Slow down. 你走得太快了, 慢点。引引领人生领人生A book is the same today as it always was and it will never change.一本好书今天如此,将来也如此,永不改变。Unit 5 What were you doing when the rainstorm came?单元目标单元目标1.通过对话练习学习如何询问某人在过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。2.掌握过去进行时的用法。3.学

62、习 when 和 while 在过去进行时中的特殊用法。重点词汇重点词汇1.suddenly 突然;忽然2.strange 奇特的;奇怪的3.storm 暴风雨4.report 报道;公布5.wind 风6.light 光;光线;光亮7.wood 木;木头8.window 窗户9.beat 敲打;锤砸10.heavily 在很大程度上;大量地11.against 倚;碰;撞12.rise 增加;提高;增强pletely 彻底地;完全地14.silence 沉默;缄默;无声15.recently 不久前;最近16.date 日期;日子17.realize 理解;领会18.truth 实情;事实重

63、重点短语点短语1. make sure 确信;确认2. beat against. 拍打 3. fall asleep 进人梦乡;睡着4. die down 逐渐变弱;逐渐消失5. wake up 醒来6. in a mess 一团糟7. break. . apart 使分离8. in times of difficulty 在困难的时候9. at the time of 当.时候10. go off (闹钟)发出响声11. take a hot shower 洗热水澡12. miss the bus 错过公交车13. pick up 接电话14. bring. together 使靠拢15.

64、 in the area 在这个地区16. miss the event 错过这个事件17. by the side of the road 在路边18. the Animal Helpline 动物保护热线19. walk by 走路经过20. make ones way to.在某人去的路上21. hear the news 听到这个消息22.,important events in history 历史上的重大事件23.,for example 例如24. be killed 被杀害25. over 505 0 多(岁)26.a school pupil 一个小学生27.on the r

65、adio 通过广播28.,in silence 沉默;无声29.,more recently 最近地;新近30.,the World Trade Center 世贸中心31.,take down 拆除;摧毁32.,have meaning to 对有意义33.,remember doing sth. 记得做过某事34.,at first 首先;最初重点句型重点句型1. What were you doing at eight last night?昨晚 8 点你在干什么? I was taking a shower.我在洗淋浴。2. When it began to rain, Ben was

66、 helping his mommake dinner.当开始下雨的时候,本正在帮他妈妈做晚饭。3. What was Jenny doing while Linda was sleeping?琳达在睡觉的时候,珍妮正在干什么? While Linda was sleeping, Jenny was helpingMary with her homework.琳达在睡觉的时候,珍妮正在帮玛丽做作业。语语法难点法难点过去进行时1.过去进行时的构成过去进行时有“was/were+动词ing”形式构成。以动词 work 为例,其肯定式、否定式、疑问式以及简略答语见下表:肯定式否定式I/He/She/

67、It was working.We/You/They were working.I/He/She/It was not working.We/You/They were not working.疑问句简略答语Was I working?Yes,you were.No,you were notWere you working?Yes,I wasNo,I was notWas she/he/it working?Yes,she/he/it wasNo,she/he/it was notWere you/we/they working?Yes,we/you/they wereNo,we/you/th

68、ey were not【注意】was not 常缩写为 wasnt;were not 常缩写为 werent.2 过去进行时的用法过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作。这一特定的过去时间,除有上下文暗示以外,一般用时间状语表示。例: What were you doing this time yesterday.你们昨天在这个时间做什么?We were having a class.我们在上课。状语从句本单元我们接触了 when 和 while 引导的时间状语从句, 时间状语从句的引导词有很多,常见的有:引导词例句when 当.的时候The army was disbanded

69、 when the war came to an end.战争结束时,军队即被解散while 在.期间I lived in a hostel while I was a student.我求学期间住在招待所里before 在.之前I wiped my shoes on the mat before I came in.我在进门前把鞋子在垫子上擦了擦。after 在.之后I found your coat after you left the house.你离开房子之后,我发现了你的外衣。as 当.的时候He smiled as he passed.他路过时笑了笑。since 自从Since h

70、is wife died,hes just let himself go.自从妻子死后,他就变得不修边幅了。until 直到.Lets wait until the rain stops.咱们等雨停了吧。【注意】since 引导的从句多用一般过去时,主句用现在完成时。如:She has worked in the factory since graduated from the university.她大学毕业以后就一直在那一家工厂工作。高频考点高频考点1.beat 与 win 辨析beat,win比赛、游戏奖杯、奖牌战争或球队等)比赛、竞争对手(如人获胜,赢得winbeat例:We beat

71、 them by the score of 2 to 1.我们以 2:1 赢了他们。Which team won the football match?哪个对赢了那场足球赛?2.try to do sth 与 try doing sth 辨析try to do sth 意为努力做某事;试图做某事。例:They are trying hard to learn English.他们正在努力的学习英语。try doing sth 意为试着做某事例:I am trying doing it in this way.我正试着用这种方法做。3.die down 与 die out 的用法区别。指火的熄灭

72、时,用 die down 或 die out 皆可。die down 往往指火势由强到弱慢慢熄灭,植物慢慢死亡这一过程;die out 则指熄灭这一事实,而且不及 die down 用的普遍。die down:反映风、声音、愤怒、掌声、战斗等平息下来。die out:指家庭、种族、物种、组织、信仰等的消失或消亡。例:This kind of bird has died out in the world.这种鸟已经在世界上灭绝了。4.wake upwake up 意为“醒来”,该短语为动词短语,属于动副结构,常用作不及物动词,表示从睡着的状态醒来。例:Dont make noise.The ba

73、by didnt wake up.别吵闹。孩子还没醒。wake. up 中的 wake 为及物动词, 后接宾语。 wake up 也可以在后面接宾语, 意为 “吵醒.,叫醒.”。例:Dont forget to wake me up tomorrow morning.明天早上别忘了叫醒我。5.remember to do sth 与 remember doing sth 的用法区别。(1)remember to do sth 记得去做某事(此事还未做)例:Remember to turn off the light when you leave the room.当你离开房间的时候记得关灯。r

74、emember doing sth 记得做过某事(此事已做完)例:I remember turning off the light when I left the room.我记得离开房间时关灯了。【知识链接】1.go on doing sth 继续做(同一件事)go on to do sth.继续做(不同的事)2 try to do sth 努力做某事try doing sth 尝试做某事3.forget to do sth 忘了要做某事forget doing sth 忘记做过某事6.hear 的用法hear 意为 “听见” , 强调听的结果。 常用结构为: hear sb do sth

75、听见某人做某事; hear sb doingsth 听见某人正在做某事例:We can often hear some children play on the playground.我们经常能听见一些孩子在操场上玩耍。I heard my sister singing an English song in her room when I came back.当我回来时,我听见我的姐姐正在她的房间里唱一支英文歌。hear 也有“听说”之意,这时后接 that 引导的宾语从句。hear about 意为“听说”,相当于 hear of,后面接词或短语。例:I have heard about/o

76、f the story before.我以前就听说过这个故事。hear from 意为“收到.的来信;有.的消息”,相当于 get/receive a letter from.例:I havent heard from my mother for months.我已经好几个月没有收到我妈妈的来信了。7.believe in 与 believe 的区别believe 表示“相信某人的话”或“相信某事是真的”;believe 含有“信任”的意思。例:I believe him.我相信他。(他说的话不会错)I believe in him.我信任他。(为人可靠)believe 可接名词、代词、从句或

77、带不定式的复合宾语,believe in 接名词或代词。例:I believe that he is reliable.我相信他是可以信任的。I believe it to have been a mistake.我相信这是一场误会。8.happen 与 take place 的用法区别。happen 和 take place 都可表示“发生”,都不能用于被动语态。happen 常指具体事件的发生,尤其指那些偶然的或未能预见的事件的发生;而 take place 通常指(某事)按计划进行或按计划发生。例:An accident happened yesterday.昨天发生了一场误会。A co

78、ncert will soon take place here.在这里即将举行一场音乐会。9.fall asleep,sleep,go to sleep,get to sleep,go to bed 用法区别。fall asleep 属“连系动词+表语”结构,该短语意为“入睡;睡着”,指进入梦乡,往往含有“不知不觉就睡着了“的意思。asleep 在此作表语形容词。例:He was just falling asleep when there was a loud knock at the door.他刚要入睡时,这时传来了响亮的敲门声。sleep 指睡觉时的一种状态,是一个延续性的动词。例:H

79、e likes to sleep for an hour in the afternoon.他喜欢在下午睡上一个小时。go to sleep 意为“入睡,睡着”,强调从开始睡到睡着的过程。例:I just want to close my eyes and go to sleep as quickly as possible.我只是想闭上眼睛,尽快地睡上一觉。get to sleep 与 go to sleep 意思相近,但它强调的是进入睡眠状态。例:She was too excited to get to sleep last night.她昨晚因太激动而不能入睡。go to bed 意为

80、“就寝”,即“上床睡觉”,它只上床去睡这个动作,与 get up 相对应。例:The students in our school usually get up at six in the morning and go to bed at half past ninein the evening.我们学校的学生通常早晨六点起床,晚上九点半睡觉。10.rise,raise 辨析rise(rose, risen)vi. 上升,升起, 升高;上涨;站起来。说明主语自身移向较高位置,常用于日、月、云、雾、烟、蒸汽、河水、温度、物价以及人的职位等,无被动语态。例:The moon has risen a

81、bove the hills.月亮已经从山上升起。The river has risen by several meters.河水上涨了好几米。raise vt. 举起,提起;抬高;筹集。说明主语发出的动作是要作用于其它事物的,往往有使物体达到其应有的高度的含义。可用于被动语态。例:Heavy rain raised the river stage.暴雨使河水水位升高。The boss promised to raise her salary.老板答应要给她加薪水。引引领人生领人生After a storm comes a calm.否极泰来。Unit 6 An old man tried t

82、o move the mountains.单元目标单元目标1.学会描述一个完整的故事或一件事情2.条件状语从句3.易混词汇掌握重点词汇重点词汇1.shoot 射击;发射2.god 神;上帝3.remind 提醒;使想起来4.bit 有点儿5.silly 愚蠢的;不明事理的 monkey 猴子6.magic 有魔力的;有神奇力量的7.birth 出生;诞生8.stick 棍;条9.hide 隐藏;隐蔽10.tail 尾巴11.Western 西方的12.weak 虚弱;无力的13.fit 适合;合身14.couple 两人;两件事物 smile 微笑15.marry 结婚16.born 出生 o

83、bject 物体;物品 gold 金色的 silk 丝绸;丝织物17.stupid 愚蠢的18.cheat 欺骗;蒙骗19.wife 妻子;太太20.husband 丈夫21.whole 全部的;整体的22.stone 石头23.shine 发光;照耀24.ground 地面25.lead 带路;领路26.voice 声音27.brave 勇敢的;无畏的。重重点短语点短语1. work on doing sth. 致力于做某事2. as soon as . 一就.3. once upon a time 从前4. continue to do sth. 继续做某事如此 以至于 *5. make

84、sth. happen 使某事发生6.try to do sth. 试图做某事7. the journey to sp. .之旅8. tell the/a story 讲故事9. put on 穿上10. a little b it 有点儿11. keep doing sth. 坚持做某事12. give up 放弃13. instead of 代替;反而14. turn . . into 变成15. get married 结婚16. the main character 主要人物;主人公17. at other times 在另外一些时候18. be able to 能;会19. come

85、 out (书、电影等)出版20. become interested in. 对感兴趣21. walk to the other side 走到另一边去22. a fairy tale 一个神话故事23. the rest of the story 故事的其余部分24. leave sb. to do sth. 让某人做某事25. make a plan to do sth. 筹划/计划做某事26. go to sleep 去睡觉27. lead sb. to sp. 把某人领到某地28. get lost 迷路29. change ones plan 改变计划30. tell sb. to

86、 do sth. 叫某人做某事31. in the moonlight 在月光下32. find ones way home 找到某人回家的路33. the next day 第二天34. send sb. to sp. 派某人去某地重重点句型点句型1. W hat do you think about/of. . ?So what do you think about the story of Yu Gong?你觉得愚公的故事怎么样?2. It doesn t seemadj . to do sth .I t doesn t seem very possible to move a moun

87、tain.把一座山给移掉好像不太可能。3. This is because.This is because he can make 72 changes to hisshape and size, turning himself into different animals and objects.这是因为他会根据他的形状和大小,做出72种变化,可以将自己变成不同的动物或东西。4. so that+从句Sometimes he can make the stick so small that he can keep it in his ear.有时候,他能够让他的金箍棒变得很小,以至于可以放在

88、耳朵里。5. It take sb. some time to do sth .Because they were so big that it took a long time to walk to the other side.这些(山)太高了,他们要花好长时间才能翻越过去。6 . not. . until十从句Don t eat it until you get to the forest.你们到达森林之后才能吃。语法难点语法难点状语从句(三)本单元的语法重点任然是状语从句,主要讲述以下三种状语从句。1.unless 引导的条件状语从句unless 意为“除非,若不”例:You will

89、 fail to arrive there in time unless you start earlier.除非你早点动身,否则你就不能及时赶到那儿。特特别提示!别提示!:unless 的意思相当于 ifnot但在虚拟的条件句中,ifnot不可换成 unless。2.由 as soon as 引导的时间状语从句。连词表示“一就”。例:As soon as he heard the news,he jumped with joy.他一听到消息,高兴地跳了起来。3.so.that 引导的结果状语从句由 sothat 引导句型:“主语+谓语+so+形容词/副词+that 从句”例:He was s

90、o homesick that he could hardly endure the misery of it.他非常想家,简直有点受不了这种痛苦。句型:“主语+谓语+so+分词/其他结构+that 从句”例:The book is so written that it gives a quite wrong idea of the facts.这本书写得完全弯曲事实。【注意】 当为了强调,so 谓语句首时,主句的语序需要倒装。例如:例: So badly was he injured that he had to go to the hospital .他伤得这么重,不得不去医院。【拓展】注

91、意: sothat 和 suchthat 的区别:一sothat 中的 so 是副词,后面需接形容词/副词。例:An atom is so small(形容词)that we cannot see it.原子这么小,以致我们看不到它。suchthat 中的 such 是形容词,后面需接名词或带修饰语的名词,名词如果是单数,则用 such a(n)that。例:He was such a selfish man that nobody would help him.他是一个这么自私的人,因此没人愿意帮组他。二.“sothat”和“suchthat”引导的结果状语从句,that 在口语中可以省略。

92、例:Its so hot(that)I cant sleep.天气这么热,我睡不着。such that 用在一起时,可根据上下文,用 so great(bad,cold,hot .ect.)代替 such。这时such 是代词。例:The difference is such(=so great)that all will see it.差异这么大,大家都能看出来。三.So that,so,that 引导的结构状语从句和目的状语从句的区别: 1 根据上下文意思理解; 2 从结构形式上进行判别:A.从句之前有逗号(或停顿),为结果状语从句;否则为目的状语从句。例:Miller slammed t

93、he door, so(that)he awakened his sister.(结果)米勒砰地关上门,结果把他妹妹惊醒了。Miller slammed the door so(that)his sister would know he was home.(目的)米勒砰地关上门,以便使他妹妹知道他在家。B.有时由 so that 引导的结果状语从句之前并没有逗号,这时就要看:从句中表达的是意图还是可能性, 有 can, may, might, could, should, will, would 等情态动词, 则多为目的状语从句;如果表达的是事实或客观事实,没有上述情态动词,则多为结果状语从句

94、。例句:He got up early so that he caught the first bus.(结果)他早早地起了床,结果赶上了首班公共汽车。He got up early so that he might catch the first bus.(目的)早早地起了床以便赶上首班公共汽车。C.目的状语从句可以移到句首,而结果状语从句只能位于主句之后。例:We turned the radio up so that everyone could hear the announcement.(结果)我们开大收音机音量,结果大家都能听到通知。So that everyone could h

95、ear the announcement, we turned up the radio.(目的)为了大家都能听到通知,我们开大了收音机音量。D.能用 tooto 或 enough to 结构代替 so that 从句,便是结果状语从句;能用 in order to代替 so that, 或 so that 从句转换为 in order to 或 so as to+动词原形或不定式短语, 则为目的状语从句。例;He walks fast so that we cant catch up with him.(结果)(这句可以转换为:He walks too far for us to catch

96、 up with.)他走得很快,我们赶不上他。I am saving money so that I can buy a house.(目的)(这句可转换为: I am saving money in order to/so as to buy a house.)我在省钱以便买一间房子。高高频考点频考点1.something;everything;nothing;anything;的辨析及用法。everything, something, anything , nothing 均为指物的复合不定代词,它们作主语时,谓语动词常用单数形式。虽说构成出自一家,但它们的用法是有区别的:everythi

97、ng 意为每件事;一切事,可用于肯定句、疑问句或否定句中。如: I hope everything goes well. 我希望一切顺利。 Who can know everything? 谁能知道万事万物呢?something 意为某事;某物,常用于肯定句中,也可用于征求对方意见的疑问句中。如: Something is wrong with my ears. 我的耳朵有点毛病。 Jim, could you do something for me, please? 吉姆,请为我做点事好吗?anything 意为某事;任何事,一般用于否定句或疑问句中。如: Can you hear anyt

98、hing? 你能听到某种声音吗? You mustnt eat anything until you see the doctor. 在看医生之前不许吃任何东西。nothing 意为没有什么;没有东西。如:Tom saw nothing. 汤姆什么也没看见。2.sound,noise 和 voice 的辨析sound,noise 和 voice 这三个名词都可表示“声音”,但是,它们表示的“声音”并不相同。sound 作“声音”,“响声”讲时,可以指人或动物发出的声音,或物体碰撞的声言。这个词的使用范围很大。可以说,大自然的任何“声音”都可以用 sound。例: At midnight he

99、heard a strange sound半夜里他听到一种奇怪的声音。Light travels much faster than sound光的传播速度比声音快得多。【拓展】sound还可以用作系动词。后接形容词短语,表示“听起来” sound like 听起来像.noise 意为“噪音”、“喧闹声”,常指不悦耳、不和谐的嘈杂声。 noise 是不可数名词,前面可以用 a, some, much, a lot of 等修饰例:Dont make any noise! 别吵闹!The noise wakes me up噪音吵醒了我!The noise of traffic kept him a

100、wake车辆的喧闹声使他睡不着。短语:make noise 吵闹voice 一般指人的声音,说话、唱歌。谈笑都可用 voice。sound 和 noise 不仅能指人的声音,还可以表示别的动物发出的声音;而 voice 除了有时可指鸟的声音外,很少表示其它动物的声音。例:The girl has a beautiful voice那女孩嗓音很美。They are talking in low voices他们正小声交谈。短语:in a big / loud voice 大声地,高声地in a low voice小声地at the top of ones voice (大声地 )lose one

101、s voice(嗓子哑的)3.instead 和 instead of 的区别.instead 意为“代替”“替代”,作副词用,通常位于句尾。如位于句首时常用逗号与后面阁开。instead 在顺接句子中作“代替”讲,而在转折(或逆转)句子中作“然而”讲。例:Lily isnt here. Ask Lucy instead. Lily 不在这儿,去问 Lucy 吧.she didnt answer me, instead, she asked me another question.她没有回答我,反而问了我另外一个问题。.instead of 是介宾短语,其意与 instead 相同,不同之处在

102、于它后面常接宾语,起宾语多由名词、代词、介词、短语、动词 + ing 形式充当。例:Well ask Li Mei instead of Mary. 我们将去问李梅而不问玛丽。Ill go instead of her. 我会替她去。.instead 与 instead of 的转换。例:I ll of instead of her.She wont go.Ill go instead.4.all 与 whole 的用法辨析有时这两个词含义大致相同,只是位置不同:all 要放在冠词、指示找词、 物主代词等之前,而 whole 应放在这些词之后。如:all the family / the wh

103、ole family全家 在复数名词前一般用 all,在单数可数名词前一般要用 whole。如:All the children enjoyed themselves. 所有的孩子都过得很快活。The whole building was burning. 整座在楼都在燃烧。注:它们在意义上有差别:all 指“一个不剩”(即“全部”); whole 指“一点不缺”(即“整个”)。在不可数名词之前一般用 all,而不用 whole (但偶尔有例外:the whole time / all the time;his whole energy / all his energy 等),但在物质名词前是

104、绝对不能用 whole 的。如:误:the whole money 正:all the money 所有的钱误:the whole food 正:all the food 所有的食物误:the whole wine 正:all the wine 所有的酒 在表地点的专有名词之前, 一般用 all 而不用 whole如:all China (全中国),但可说 the whole of China.在时间名词(如 day, week, month, year 等)以及季节名词( spring, summer, autumn, winter )之前,两者都可用。如:all (the) day / t

105、he whole day整天all (the) spring / the whole spring整个春天注注:在表示时间的 hour 和 century 之前,一般只用 whole, 不用 all如:I waited for her the(或 a) whole hour. 我等了她整整一小时。 关于 all of 一与 the whole of:(1) all of 的含义与用法与 all 大致相同,但使用范围比要广,如一般不说 all all the book, 但可说 all of the book 整本书(2) the whole of 与 whole 的意义基本相同,但其使用范围远

106、比 whole 要广。它不仅可以代替 whole(如 the whole time=the whole of the time),而且还可以用于不能用 whole 的场合:1) 用于不可数名词(包括物质名词)之前:the whole of the money / the tea 全部的钱 / 茶2)用于表地点的专有名词之前:the whole of Japan 全日本5.laugh ,smilesmile 和 laugh 即可作动词, 又可作名词, 都表示 “笑” 的意思, 但在含义上有区别。 Smile 通常指不出声的“微笑”; laugh 通常指笑出声的“大笑”。Smile 表示“朝微笑;

107、laugh at 则表示“嘲笑”的意思。例:Mr. Li smiles at us every day. 李老师每天都对着我们微笑。We dont laugh at him. 我们不要嘲笑他。6.stop doing,stop to dostop to do 停止,中断做某事后去做另一件事。 stop doing 停止做某事。例:They stop to smoke a cigarette. 他们停下来,抽了根烟。I must stop smoking.我必须戒烟了。【典型例题 】She reached the top of the hill and stopped _ on a big ro

108、ck by the side of the path.A. to have rested B. resting C. to rest D. rest答案:C.由题意可知,她到了山顶,停下来在一个路边的大石头上休息。因此,应选择stop to do sth. 停下来去做另一件事。而不仅仅是爬山动作的终止,所以 stop doing sth.不正确引领人生引领人生A friend to everybody is a friend to nobody.广交友,无深交。Unit 7 Whats the highest mountain in the world?单元目标单元目标1. 形容词/副词的比较

109、级和最高级。2. 能够谈论地理知识或大自然,能准确读出一些较大的数字。3. 掌握词汇短语。重点词重点词1. square正方形,平方2. meter米3. deep深的4. desert沙漠,荒漠5. population人口6. Asia亚洲7. tourist旅游者8. ancient观众9. protect保护10. wide普遍的,广泛的11. thick薄的12. ocean海洋13. weigh称.的重量14. bamboo竹子15. research研究,探究16. awake醒着的17. excitement兴奋18. illness疾病19. adult成人20. remai

110、n保持重重点短语点短语1. take in吸收,领会2. as.as. 和.一样3. in the face of面对4. at birth出生时5. fall over跌倒6. play with sb和某人一起玩7. cut down砍伐重点句型重点句型1. What is the highest mountain in the world?世界上最高的山是什么山?2. Its a lot bigger than the population of the US.它比美国的人口多的多.3. It has a much longer history than the US.它比美国有更长远的

111、历史。4. Did you know that China is one of the oldest countries in the world? 你知道中国是世界上最古老的国家之一吗?5. As you can see, Its quite tall and wide. 正如你所见,他十分高大和宽敞。语法难点语法难点形容词及副词的比较级和最高级变化形式一、规则变化1.一般在词尾直接加 er 或 est, talltallertallest,longlongerlongest2.以不发音的字母 e 结尾的单词在词尾直接加 r 或 st,nicenicernicest3.以辅音字母+y 结尾的

112、词,把 y 变为 i,再加 er 或 est, heavyheavierheaviest4.重读闭音节, 末尾只有一个辅音字母, 双写这个辅音字母, 再加 er 或 est,bigbiggerbiggest注: 大,红,湿,热,悲,瘦,胖.双写末辅再变级.(big/red/wet/hot/sad/thin/fat )5.部分双音节词和多音节词分别在原级前加 more 构成比较级和 most 构成最高级,beautifulmore beautifulmost beautiful注:表示否定意义在其前加 less /leastimportantless importantleast importa

113、ntEg:English is more interesting than Chinese =Chinese is less interesting than English .6.由 “形容词+ly”构成的副词,在其前加 more/ mostslowlymore slowlymost slowly;但 earlyearlierearliest二、不规则变化原级比较级最高级good/wellbetterbestmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastoldold / elderold /eldestbad/badly/illworseworstfarfarther (距

114、离)/further(程度)farthest/furthest下列单、双音节词只能加 more 和 most注: 形容词,副词同形有: back , high , well ,fast, early, late ,straight三、常见用法(1) 形容词或副词的比较级+than。如:You are taller than Tom. 你比 Tom 高。(2) 可修饰比较级的词a bit, a little, rather, much, far, a lot, a great deal, any, still, even.高频考点高频考点1. Whats the highest mountain

115、 in the world?本句中有形容词的最高级 highest,形容词的最高级用于表示三者或三折以上(人或物)的比较,其中有一个在某方面超过其他人或物,最高级的前面一般要加定冠词 the,后面可带 of/in 短语来说明比较的范围。Eg:Whose drawing is the best of all?2. as+形容词/副词原级+as”表示双方在某个方面一样。Eg:she is as tall as me. 她和我一样高。“not as+形容词/副词原级+as”则表示双方在某个方面不同。Eg:He doesnt work as hard as his brother. 他没有他哥哥工作努

116、力。3. one of+the+形容词的最高级+名词复数”表示“最.之一”,one of 后跟名词必须用复数。Eg:Beijing is one of the most beautiful cities in China. 北京市中国最美丽的城市之一。4. as you can see 意为“正如你们说看到的”,as 用作连词,表示“像.一样;正如.”,用于引导状语从句。Eg:As we know, she got the first pize in the exam. 正如我们所知道的,她在这次考试中得了第一名。5. as far as.意为“就.而言”。Eg:As far as I can

117、 see, youve done nothing wrong.6. the first.to do.第一个做.的.Eg:The headmaster is always the first one to get to school. 校长总是第一个到校的。7.even though 意为“即使,纵然”,引导让步状语从句。Eg:Even though you do not like math you must study it.8. prepare for 意为“为.做好准备”,prepare 是及物动词和后面可接双宾语,for 是介词,后面常接名词作宾语,表示母的。9. There will

118、be more forests for pandas to live in 是 there be 句型的一般将来时,其结构为“there+will be+主语+其他”,表示“将会有.”。Eg:Tomorrowthere will be a sports meeting in our school. 明天我们学校将有一场运动会。10. or so 意为”左右,大约”表示不确定数目。Eg:They want to stay in Beijing two weeks or so. 他们想在北京待两星期左右。引引领人生领人生A good tongue is a good weapon.伶俐的口齿是一种

119、锐利的武器。Unit 8 Have you read Treasure Island yet?单元目标单元目标1. 学会运用现在完成时。2. 能够谈论自己喜欢的音乐或文学作品。3. 学会重点短语和句型。重点词汇重点词汇1. treasure珠宝,财富2. island岛3. classic经典作品,名著4. page书刊或纸张的页,面5. hurry匆忙,赶快6. due预期,预定7. tool工具8. sand沙滩9. towards朝;向,对着10. technology科技,工艺11. forever永远12. abroad在国外13. actually事实上14. southern南方

120、的15. success成功16. belong属于17. introduce介绍重点短语重点短语1. hurry up 赶快,急忙2. full of充满3. put down放下4. in two days两周后5. in the middle of在.中间6. kind of music音乐的种类7. since then自从那时起8. belong to属于9. such as例如重重点句型点句型1. Have you read Little Women yet?你已经读过小妇人了吗? No, I havent.不,我没读过。2. Have you decided yet which

121、book to write about for English class?你已经决定了写关于哪本书了吗?3. I chose Treasure Island, but I havent finished reading it yet.我选择了 财富岛 这本书,但我还没有读完它。4. It made Sarah think about her family and friends back in the US.它使萨拉想起她在美国的朋友和家人。5. Ever since then, she has been a fan of American country music. 从那以后,她就成了美

122、国乡村音乐的狂热爱好者。语法难点语法难点现在完成时:1.概念:过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果, 或从过去已经开始, 持续到现在的动作或状态。2.时间状语:recently, lately, sincefor,in the past few years, already ,yet ,never ,ever, just, before, sofar ,once, twice etc.3.基本结构:have/has + done4.否定形式:have/has + not +done.5.一般疑问句:把 have 或 has 放于句首。6.反义疑问句: 直接用 has /have 进行

123、反问7.与时间段连用时,短暂性动词应改为相应的延续性动词。go outbe outfinishbe overleave be away frombuy haveborrow/lend keepopen be openclosebe closeddiedeadstart/begin be onjoinbe in /be a member of /be a soldierbecome bemake friend be friendget upbe upfall asleep be asleepcatch a cold have a coldreach/get/arrivestay/be高频考点高频

124、考点1. hurry up 意为“赶快,急忙(做某事)”,常用于祈使句,表示一种命令或要求,一般不用于否定句,Eg:Hurry up, or youll be late. 快点,负责你就会吃到了。拓展:hurry up 还可意为“催促”,为及物动词短语,跟代词时,要放在 up 之前。Eg:I tried to hurry her up but she walked very slowly. 我试图催促她走快,可是她任然走得很慢。2. in two weeks 意为“两周之后”,该短语为介词短语,in 意为“在.以后”,“in+一段时间”用在一般将来时的句子中,意为“在.(时间)后”。Eg:He

125、 will be back in a week. 一周之后,他将回来。注意:after 常用在一般过去式的句子中。Eg:He got to Beijing after two hours. 他是两个下时候到北京的。3. Ive brought back many things I can usefood and drink, tools, knives and guns.本句为现在完成时。I can use 为定语从句,修饰先行词 things,省略了引导词 that 或 which,在从句中做宾语。bring back 意为“拿回”Eg:Did they bring back any sou

126、venirs? 他们带回一些纪念品个吗?4. in the middle of 意为“在.中间”,后接名词或代词,可用于修饰时间、地点等,常用于状语。Eg:We were waken up in the middle of the night.在半夜我们被吵醒了。拓展:in the center of 也意为“在.中间:,常用于指面积较大的地点。Eg:He lives in the center of the city. 他住在城市的中心。5. cant wait to do sth 意为“急不可待地做某事”。Eg:Children cant wait to open the presents

127、 in their stockings. 孩子们急不可待地把袜子里的礼物打开。6. since then 意为“从那时以来”,用于现在完成时。Eg:I have not seen him since then. 我从那时以后一直没见过他。拓展:just then 意为“正在那时”,用于过去时。Eg:Just then she heard someone walking up. 正在那时,她听到有人走过来。7. belong to 意为“属于”,没有进行时,也没有被动语态。belong to 后跟表示人的名词或人称代词宾格形式均可,belong to 不能再跟物主代词或名词所有格。Eg:The

128、sunglasses belong to me/Tom.8. the number of .意为“.的数量”,后加可数名词的复数形式或集合名词,由其组成的短语作主语时,看做第三人称单数形式。Eg:The number of the people reached 1,000. 人数达到一千。思考:你知道 the number of 与 a number of 的用法区别吗?9. What do you think of.? = How do you like.?用来询问对某人或某事的看法、态度、答语一般用:Its great/wonderful! 太棒了!I like it very much.

129、 我非常喜欢;Its just soso. 不过如此而已;He is friendly.他很友好;I enjoy it a lot. 我非常喜欢它。Eg:What do you think of this film? 你认为这部电影怎么样?Its just soso. 不过如此而已。10. at the end of 意为“在.底,在.尽头”,后面接表示时间的名词。Eg:They will come here at the end of February. 他们将在二月底到这。引领人生引领人生A good name is better than riches.好名誉胜过有财富。Unit 9 H

130、ave you ever been to a museum?Unit 9 Have you ever been to a museum?单元目标单元目标1. 知道怎么运用 have been to,have gone to 与 have been in.2. 更深入掌握现在完成时。3. 能够谈论你的旅游经历。重点词汇重点词汇1. amusement娱乐2. unbelievable难以置信的3. progress进展,进步4. unusual特别的5. encourage鼓励6. social社会的7. peaceful和平的8. performance表演9. perfect完美的10. i

131、tself它自己11. collect收集12. German德国的13. theme主题14. fear害怕15. whether不管.(还是);或者.(或者)16. whenever在任何.的时候;无论何时重重点短语点短语1. take the subway乘地铁2. by bike骑自行车3. have a great time玩的开心4. go skating去滑冰5. different kinds of不同种类的6. in the future在将来7. encourage sb to do sth鼓励某人做某事8. take a holiday度假9. on the one ha

132、nd.on the other hand一方面.另一方面10. thousands of上千的11. all year round一整年12. be close to与.关系近13. far from离.远重点句型重点句型1. Have you ever been to a science museum?你去过科学博物馆吗?2. lets go somewhere different today.今天让我们去一个与众不同的地方吧。3. The most interesting museum Ive ever been to is the American Computer Museum. 我曾

133、经去过最有趣的博物馆是美国电脑博物馆4. You wont have any problem getting rice,noodles or dumplings.你将毫不费力地找到米饭、面条或饺子。5. Whether you like Indian food, Western food or Japanese food, youll find it all in Singapore!无论你是喜欢印度食物,还是西方食物或日本食物,你都将会在新加坡找到它。6. It might seem strange to go to a zoo when Its dark.当天黑时,去动物园看起来好像很奇怪

134、。语语法难点法难点(一)以 ever 和 never 为标志以 ever 和 never 为标志。表示到现在为止动作或状态“曾经”或“从来没有”发生过。Eg:This is the best film I have ever seen. 这是我看过的最好的一部电影。(二) 若某一动作到现在为止已经发生了若干次,则要用现在完成时。Eg:He says he has been t the USA three times. 这是我看过的最好的一部电影。(三) have been to, have gone to 与 have gone in 用于现在完成时中。1. (1) have been to

135、意为“曾经去过”,表示一种经历,但现在已不在那儿了,实际上讲的是过去的情况,强调去过或没去过或去过多少次,着重指到目前为止的一个结果。Eg:I have never been to the Great Wall. 我从未去过长城。(2) have been to 后可接词数(如 once, twice, three times 等),表示“去过某地几次”,也可和 just, never, ever 等连用。Eg:My father has been to Beijing twice, 我父亲去过北京两次。2. have gone to 意为“到某地去了”,表示已经去往某地,现在人可能在去的途中

136、或已在那儿了,实际上讲的是现在的情况,着重指现在人在不在,限用于第三人称,不用于第一、二人称。Eg:Miss Li has gone to Shanghai for a holiday, 李小姐已经去上海度假了。3. have been in 意为“到某地多长时间了”,常与时间 连用。(1) 后面接表示次数的状语时,意为“到过”。Eg:We have been in this lab three times. 这个实验室我们来过三次了。(2) 接表示时间段的状语时则指到目前为止的一段时间一直在某处。Eg:I have been in Australia for three times. 我们到

137、澳大利亚已有三年了。注意:have been to, have gone to 和 have been in 后接表示地点的副词 there,here 等时,介词 to 和 in 常省略。Eg:You have never been there before, have you? 你以前从没有去过那儿,是吗?高频考点高频考点1. “Me, neither.”此时与“Neither have I.”的含义相同.。“Neither+助动词/系动词/情态动词+主语.”表示“.也不如此”。Eg:My mother didnt go to work, Neither did my father. 我妈妈

138、没去上班。我爸爸也没去。拓展:当陈述句为肯定句时,表示“.也是如此”用“So+助动词/系动词/情态动词+主语” 。Eg:My brother has a new computer. So do I. 我哥哥有台新电脑。我也有。2. learn about 意为“得知。了解”,该短语是动词短语,about 是介词,后接名词作宾语。about 也可用 of 或 from 代替。Eg:Werey all sorry to learn about her illness. 听到她生病的消息我们都很难过。3. wonder 为动词,意为“想知道”,后接 who,what,why 等引导的宾语从句或后接“

139、疑问句+不定式”构成的短语。Eg:I wonder who she is. 我想知道她是谁。4. time 为可数名词时,意为“次数”,次数的常用表达方式为:once 一次;twice 两次;three times 三次,对次数提问用 how many times。time 作“时间”讲时是不可数名词。Eg:He failed his driving test three times. 他考了三次驾驶执照都没通过。5. more than 相当于 over,意为“多过,超过”。Eg:I lived in Shanghai for more than over five years. 我在上海住

140、了 5 年多。拓展:more than 还有“不必”的意思。Eg:More than one person has made the suggestion. 不止一个人提出了这项建议。6. On the other hand, Singapore in an Englishspeaking country, so its also a good place topractice your English!(1)to practice your English 为动词不定式短语作后置定语,修饰前面的名词 place。Eg:I have some books t read 我有一些要读的书。(2)

141、practice 练习,其后接名词,动名词作宾语。Eg:I practice speaking English every day. 我每天都练习说英语。7. One great thing about Singapore is that the temperature is almost same all year round.本句为含有表语从句的复合句。that the temperature is almost the same all year round 为表语从句。all year round 一年到头,终年。Eg;Its very hot here all year round.

142、 这里一年到头都很热。8. This is because the island is so close to the equator.close to.意为“离.近,在.附近”,相当于 near。Eg:We live close t the railway station. 我们住在火车站附近。拓展:close to 的反义短语为 far from,意为“离.远”。Eg:The post office is far from the bank. 邮局离银行远。引引领人生领人生A good book is a light to the soul.好书一本,照亮心灵。Unit 10 Ive ha

143、d this bike for three years.单元目标单元目标1. 学会谈论你的爱好。2. 学会还有时间状语 since 和 for 引导的现在完成时。3. 能够书写以居住环境为话题的书面表达。重点词汇重点词汇1. yard院子2. sweet天的3. cent分4. toy玩具5. bear熊6. maker生产者7. scarf围巾8. soft软的9. board木板10. check检查11. railway铁路12. certain某种,某人13. honest诚实的14. truthful真实的15. hometown家乡16. search搜查17. among在(其中

144、);.之一18. shame羞耻19. regard将.认为20. count数数21. century百年22. opposite对面的23. especially尤其24. memory记忆25. consider注视26. hold拥有;抓住重重点短语点短语1. yard sale庭院拍卖会2. board game棋类游戏3. check out察看;观察4. no longer不再,不复5. to be honest说实在的6. according to依据,依照7. in ones opinion依.看8. a couple of两个,几个9. as for至于,关于10. onc

145、e a year 一年一次重点句型重点句型1. How long have you had that bike over there? 那边的那辆自行车你买多长时间了?2. Ive had it for three years.我买它三年了。3. How long has his son owned the train and railway set?他儿子拥有轨道火车多长时间了?4. Hes owned it since his fourth birthday.自从他四岁生日时,他就已经拥有他了。5. Have you ever played football?你曾经踢足球吗?语法难点语法难

146、点现在完成时常与“for+时间段”或“since+时间点”连用。1. for 作介词,后接时间段,表示“某个动作持续了多久。Eg:Ive been here for just over two years. 我来到这儿刚好两年多了。2. since 可作介词,后接时间点,也可用作连词,后接从句,表示某个动作或情况从过去某一时间点一直持续到现在,从句用一般过去时。Eg:Hes been here since two years ago. 他两年来一直住在这儿。注意:for 和 since 引导的时间状语不能与终止性动词的肯定式连用,但可和其否定式连用。Eg:Mr Smith hasnt come

147、 to China for three years. 史密斯先生三年没来中国了。I havent seen him since I came back. 自从我回来就没见过他。针对性训练:用 for 或 since 填空1. She has been ill _ more than to two weeks.2. I havent met him _ a long time.3. Mary has been here _ eight oclock this morning.4. It hasnt rained _ two months ago.5. They have been my frie

148、nds _I was a child.高高频考点频考点1. check out 意为”价差;审查”,为动副结构,是及物动词短语。Youd better check out your engine. 你最好检查一下你的发动机。拓展:check out 还可为不及物动词短语,意为“结账离开”。Eg:他十分钟前付清费用离开了。注意:check out 也有“检查,核对”之意,但是强调查明真相,核对事实。在美式英语中常用 check upon。2. So weve been clearing out a lot of things from our bedrooms for a yard sale.这

149、是一个现在完成进行时的句子。 现在完成进行时通常要和时间段连用, 表示在某段时间内,某动作一直在进行,结构为“have/has been+ving +时间段”。Eg:The workers have been working for three hours. 这些工人已经工作 3 个小时了。注意:如果对时间段提问,疑问短语用 how long。如对上面例句中的 for 短语进行提问:How long have the workers been working?这些工人工作多长时间了?clear out 意为“清理,收拾干净,清除掉”。Eg: I decided to clear out all

150、 the old shoes that we never wear. 我已经决定把我们从来不穿的旧鞋统统加以清除。思考:你知道 clear out 与 clean out 的用法区别吗?clear out 与 clean out 这两个短语都有“使.干净”的意思,但实际意思是不同的,前者意为“使.被清除掉,使.空出来”。而 clean out 则是“使.清洁”之意。Eg:Ill clear out that closet and then you can hang your clothes in there. 我会把衣橱腾出来,你就可以放衣服了。Be sure to clean out the

151、 kitchen when you finish cooking. 做晚饭时,一定要把厨房收拾干净。3. part with 意为 “舍弃,放弃(对.的占有);卖掉(东西)”。Eg: He was very sorry to part with his favorite horses.他卖掉他最喜欢的几匹马, 心里很难过。思考:你知道 part from 与 part with 的用法区别吗?part from 的意思是“分开,离开”,多用于人;part with=give up,是“卖掉,放弃,断绝关系,跟.分开”的意思,主要用于物,间或也可用于人。part from 作“分手,分开”讲时,

152、是瞬间动词,不能表示“持久”的意思,from 后接表示人的名词活代词。Eg:I often part from my parents after breakfast. 我常在早饭后与父母分手。Tom has parted with Jane. 汤姆已和詹妮分手。4. as for 是一个固定短语,意为“至于.;关于.”往往用于说话时提及的另一个人或事,活实物的另一个方面,其后可跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语。Eg: As for that computer. Im not telling you anything. 至于说哪台电脑, 我什么都不会告诉你。5. to be honest 意为“老实说

153、;说实在的”,相当于 to tell you the truth 或 honestly speaking,常在句中作插入语。Eg:To be honest, I have little money. 老实说,我几乎没有钱。6. do with 意为“处理”,常与 what 连用,表示询问。Eg:What are you going to do with your old clothes? 你打算怎么处理你的旧衣服?拓展:deal with 意为“解决,应付,处理”,期中 deal 为动词,过去式为 dealt,with 为介词,后面常接 trouble,problem 等词。deal with

154、 多与 how 连用,表示询问。Eg:How did you deal with your book?7. the same as 意为“和.一样”短语中的 as 是介词,用于比较,后接名词、代词或动名词。Eg:This basket is the same as that one. 这个链子和那个一样。8. How often do you think these people visit their hometowns?do you think 为插入语,只是对一句话作一些附加的解释,与句子的其他成分并无语法上的关系。若去掉 do you think,句子任然完整,语序不变。Eg:Whic

155、h of these do yu think the best? 你认为这些之中哪一个是最好的?9. “I noticed thats true of my hometown,” adds Zhong Wei.add 为及物动词,在本句中意为“补充说,又说”Eg:She added that having conversations with friends was not helpful at all. 她又说,和朋友们进行交流毫无帮助。10. so far =up to/until now,意为“迄今为止;到目前为止”,该短语常用语句首或句末,在句中作状语,句子常用现在完成时,也可以用一般时,表示范围、程度或距离。Eg:It rains every day so far this month.直到现在这个月每天都在下雨。引引领人生领人生A hero is known in the time of misfortune.时势造英雄。

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