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1、Unit 4 Sharing限制性定语从句限制性定语从句 They are kind and warm-hearted people who can give time, energy and talents to help others in need and serve their communities, expecting nothing in return. A Riddle (谜谜)Who are they?在复合句中修饰名词或代词的在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句。（起定语的作用）从句。（起定语的作用）2. 先行词：先行词： 被定语从句修饰的名词或代词。被定语从句修饰的名词或代词。
2、3. 关系词：关系词：关系代词关系代词关系副词关系副词which, that, who, whom, whose， as等等where, when , why在定语从句中作主语在定语从句中作主语,宾语宾语,定语和表语定语和表语在定语从句中作状语在定语从句中作状语1. 定义：定义： 引导定语从句的词。引导定语从句的词。起着连接主从句、指代先行词起着连接主从句、指代先行词和在从句中作成分的三重作用。和在从句中作成分的三重作用。The man who lives next to us sells vegetables.先行词先行词定语从句定语从句关系词关系词The man who lives nex
3、t to uswhoThe man sells vegetables.He lives next to us.合并句子图示合并句子图示共有词共有词主句：主句：从句：从句：共有词共有词关系词关系词共有词共有词 关系词关系词主句从句主句从句The girl got first.Her father had given us a report. The girl whose father had given us a report got first.把两个句子合成一个含有定语从句的复合句把两个句子合成一个含有定语从句的复合句一、定语从句中关系代词一、定语从句中关系代词that，which，who,
4、 whom, whose 的用法的用法指代内容指代内容所做成分所做成分是否可省略是否可省略thatwhichwhowhomwhose关系代词的用法关系代词的用法人；物人；物物物人人人人(人人/物物)的的主主, ,宾宾, ,表表主主, ,宾，表宾，表主主, ,宾，表宾，表宾语宾语定语定语作宾语可省作宾语可省作宾语可省作宾语可省作宾语可省作宾语可省可省可省不可省不可省口诀口诀: 前看先行词前看先行词, 辩清人或物辩清人或物 后看从句里后看从句里, 有无主宾语有无主宾语 that和和which在指物在指物的情况下一般都可以互换的情况下一般都可以互换, 但在下列情况下但在下列情况下, 一般用一般用th
5、at而不用而不用which。Note 1请牢记：只用请牢记：只用that 不用不用which 的情况：的情况： 1.The terrible typhoon killed the people and cattle _ were in the fields.2.The wind blew down the tallest tree _ is in front of our school gate.3.This is the very thing _ I was looking for.thatthatthat先行词中既有人又有事物时用先行词中既有人又有事物时用that .先行词被序数词或形容词
6、最高级修饰时先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时先行词被先行词被the only, the very, the just, the last修饰时用修饰时用that4.There is a book on the desk _ I like.5.There is nothing in the world _ can frighten me.6.Who is the man _ is reading under the tree?thatthatthat当主句是当主句是here, there以开头时用以开头时用that先行词为先行词为all, everything, nothing, someth
7、ing, anything, little, much 等不定等不定代词时用代词时用that当主句是以当主句是以which ,who开头的开头的特殊疑问句时用特殊疑问句时用thatthat 关系代关系代词词that, which, who, whom, whose都都可以引导定语从句，在定语从句中作主语、可以引导定语从句，在定语从句中作主语、宾语、定语和表语，宾语、定语和表语，使用时要考虑两点：使用时要考虑两点：1. 先行词是先行词是“人人”还是还是“物物”；2. 关系代词在定语从句中充当什么成分。关系代词在定语从句中充当什么成分。首先首先, 当先行当先行词词是是“人人”时时：关系代词在定语从
8、：关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，用句中作主语时，用that / who；关系代词在定关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，用语从句中作宾语时，用whom / that / who. .其次其次, 先行先行词词如果是如果是“物物”时时：可用关系代词：可用关系代词that / which来充当主语或者宾语；来充当主语或者宾语；whose whose 可可指人或物，在定语从句中作定语。指人或物，在定语从句中作定语。 另外，另外，还要熟记还要熟记一般只用一般只用that引导定语从引导定语从句的几种情况。句的几种情况。Summary关系代词关系代词在定语从句中做在定语从句中做介词的介词的宾语宾语时时, 可以把从
9、句的介词提前可以把从句的介词提前至关系代词前，这时定语从句由至关系代词前，这时定语从句由介词介词 + 关系代词关系代词引导。引导。 二、二、“介词介词+关系代词关系代词which (指物指物)/ whom(指人指人)引导的引导的定语从句定语从句 This is the factory which I worked in ten years ago.This is the factory in which I worked ten years ago.= whereThis is the factory.I worked in the factory ten years ago. 1. I wi
10、ll give you the book_ you asked for. = I will give you the book_ you asked.2. We met the man_ we talked about.= We met the man _we talked. (that/which) for which(whom/that/who)about whom介词介词 + 关系代词引导定语从句时关系代词引导定语从句时,如先行词是物如先行词是物, 关系代词只能用关系代词只能用 which，而不能用，而不能用that。介词介词 + 关系代词引导定语从句时关系代词引导定语从句时,如先行词是
11、人如先行词是人, 关系代词只能用关系代词只能用whom，而不能用，而不能用that和和who。关系代词前的介词如何确定关系代词前的介词如何确定:Ill never forget the day on which I was born.1996 is the year in which you were born.小结小结1. 根据根据所用的介词与先行词的习惯搭配所用的介词与先行词的习惯搭配来判断来判断 Hong Kong is the city from which he comes. You are the students with whom your headteacher is str
12、ict.小结小结2 2: :看定语从句中动词与介词或形容词看定语从句中动词与介词或形容词与介词的搭配来判与介词的搭配来判断断Wu Song was the man by whom the tiger was beaten.小结小结3：根据定语从句：根据定语从句的意义来判断的意义来判断2.2.介词关系代词介词关系代词 前还可有前还可有some, any, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each, few 等代词或数词等代词或数词+of。There are many apples here, some of which have gone bad.He
13、 has 3 sons, two of whom are doctors.= and some of them = and two of them1) He sent us many books, none of _is liked by all.2) He sent us many books, but none of _is liked by all.3) He sent us many books. None of _is liked by all.4) He sent us many books; None of _is liked by all.A. them B. that C.
14、which D. noneCAA要注意句中是否有并列连词要注意句中是否有并列连词but, and, or等等A 像像 listen to, look at, depend on, pay attention to, take care of 等固定短语动词等固定短语动词,在定语从句中一在定语从句中一般不宜将介词与动词分开。般不宜将介词与动词分开。This is the boy whom she has taken care of. 1. This is the rock _ the boy fell down into the sea. 2. The film star _we talked
15、a lot yesterday will give us a speech tomorrow. 3. The West Lake _Hangzhou is famous in the world will be more beautiful. 4. The subject _Xiao Wang is good is physics.from whichabout whomfor whichat which请用请用“介词介词+which或或whom”完成以下句子完成以下句子5. The reason _ he could not go there was that his grades was
16、too low.6. The professor _ Mr. Smith shook hands yesterday has made new discoveries in science.7. Could you tell me the day _ you arrived?8. I will treasure the days _ I lived here.with whomon whichin whichfor whichSummarySummary“介词介词+ +关系代词关系代词”引导定语从句引导定语从句时，时，介词后的介词后的关系代词不能用关系代词不能用thatthat。先行词指物时，
17、介词后的先行词指物时，介词后的关系代词用关系代词用whichwhich；指人时用；指人时用whom.whom.三、定语从句中关系副词三、定语从句中关系副词when, where, why 的用的用法法1. 关系副词关系副词 whereThis is the factory where I worked ten years ago.The school where my son studies is near a park.小结：小结：where 引导的定语从句修饰表示引导的定语从句修饰表示地点的名词地点的名词, 并在定语从句中作并在定语从句中作 _,相当于相当于“介词介词 +_”。in whi
18、chat which地点状语地点状语which2. 关系副词关系副词 whenTheyll never forget July 1 when Hong Kong returned to its motherland.The days when we lived together happily are gone forever.on whichduring which小结：小结：when 引导的定语从句修饰表引导的定语从句修饰表示时间的名词示时间的名词, 在定语从句中作在定语从句中作 _, 相当于相当于“介词介词+ _”。时间状语时间状语whichThere are many reasons.
19、People like traveling for many reasons. 3. 关系副词关系副词whywhy 引导的定语从句修饰先行词引导的定语从句修饰先行词 reason, 在从句中作在从句中作原因状语原因状语, 相当相当于于 “for + which”。There are many reasons why people like traveling.for which1. I shall never forget those years _ I live in the farm . A. when B. where C. which D. why2. Do you know the
20、reason _he was late? A. for which B. for what C. which D. thatExercises 3. Is that the reason _ you are in favor of the proposal? A. which B. what C. why D. for that4. I can still remember the sitting-room _ my mother and I used to sit in the evening. A. what B. which C. that D. where5. Who can thin
21、k of a situation _ this idiom can be used? A. which B. that C. where D. in that注意：注意：当先行词是当先行词是situation, case, point, position, stage等表抽象地等表抽象地点的词时，定语从句中缺少状语，点的词时，定语从句中缺少状语，也要用也要用where引导。引导。This is the point where I dont agree.The police are looking into the case where two VIPs were killed.注意：当先行词是
22、时间、地注意：当先行词是时间、地点、原因时，定语从句的点、原因时，定语从句的引引导词在从句中做状语时才用导词在从句中做状语时才用关系副词关系副词when、 where、 why；如做主语、宾语、表如做主语、宾语、表语仍用关系代词语仍用关系代词that、 which1). This is the place_he works. This is the place_we visited last year.2). That was the day_he arrived. Do you still remember the day _ we spent together?3). This is th
23、e reason_he left. The reason_he gave us was quite reasonable.wherewhich / thatwhenthat/whichwhythat/which选择定语从句的关系词一定要看先行词选择定语从句的关系词一定要看先行词在从句中在从句中所做成分。当先行词在从句中所做成分。当先行词在从句中作作状语状语,则选择相应的关系则选择相应的关系 _。当先行词在。当先行词在从句中作从句中作主语主语, 宾语或表语宾语或表语, 则选择相则选择相应的关系应的关系 _。副词副词 when,where,why代词代词that,which,who, whom等等
24、Summary：关系副词的用法：关系副词的用法关系副关系副词词指代指代在从句中的作在从句中的作用用when (=相应的相应的介词介词+which) where (= 相应相应的介词的介词+which)why (=for which) 时间时间时间状语时间状语地点地点地点状语地点状语原因原因原因状语原因状语五、定语从句中需注意五、定语从句中需注意的问题的问题He lives in the room whose window faces south. = He lives in the room, _faces south.= He lives in the room, _faces south.
25、the window of whichof which the window注意：注意：Note 1: whose + 名词名词 = the +n. + of which / whom = of which / whom + the + n.Fill the blank with the proper relatives.1.The teachers _ are present are all experienced teachers.2. Our class is a big family _consists of 50 girls and 32 boys.3. David is the b
26、oy _ English is very good in our class.4. Id like a room _ window looks out over the sea.5. The doctor _you are looking for is in the room. who/ thatwhich/thatwhosewhose(whom/who/that)主语主语主语主语定语定语定语定语宾语宾语1) He is one of the students in his class who _ (have) got the teachers praise 2) He is the only
27、 one in his class who _ (have) got the teachers praise hashaveNote 3Note 3. . 先行词是先行词是the way the way 时时1. I dont like the way _ he looks at me. 2. I dont like the way_he told me.当当the way先行词时，先行词时，定语从句缺状语，定语从句缺状语，可用可用that，in which或不用关系词；或不用关系词；但如但如果定语从句中缺少主语或宾语时，还是要果定语从句中缺少主语或宾语时，还是要用关系代词用关系代词that或
28、或whichNote 4. 由 as 引导的限制性定语从句，常用于下列句式： such as 像一样的， the same as 和同样的This is the same thing as we are in need of.Such people as you say are short now.六. 定语从句中易混易错经典题型1.Is this pen _you lost yesterday?2.Is this the pen _ you lost yesterday?A.that B. in which C. the one D. of which 一.注意有无先行词CA3.It was
29、 1997_HongKong returned to China.4.It was in 1997_HongKong returned to China.A.when B. that C. where D. whichAB 二.定语从句与强调句的区别5.I will never forget the day _ I came to school for the first time.6.I will never forget the day _ I spent with you.A.when B. where C. which D. in whichAC三.定语从句的连词选定要看在从句中的作用
30、7.Peter is one of the students _ best in his class.8.Peter is the only one of the students _ best in his class.A.who sings B. who sing C. whose sing D. that sing四.先行词的选定BA9.He has two sons, both _ are doctors.10.He has two sons, and both_ are doctors.A.of them B. who C. of whom D. of which五.定语从句与并列句
31、的区别CA 总结：总结：1.1.定语从句要避免成分重复定语从句要避免成分重复 2.2.定语从句要避免漏用关系词定语从句要避免漏用关系词3. 3. 引导定语从句的关系词要使引导定语从句的关系词要使用正确用正确4. 4. 从句要用陈述句的语序从句要用陈述句的语序5. 5. 定语从句中谓语动词的单复定语从句中谓语动词的单复数要注意数要注意 Play the game: Words guessingWords guessing1.a person who/that teaches us to learn things2.a person whose job is to make you underst
32、and what people are saying in another language3.the thing that you need when you buy somethingteacherinterpretermoney 4.the book that/which we use every day in school5.the place where we were born and grow up6.the date when we were born 7.things that we need to wear when we cant see things clearlyte
33、xtbookhometownbirthdayglasses 8.a reason why some of the boys cant learn well9.a person who can give time, energy and talents to help others in need and serve their communities, expecting nothing in return. 10.a large brush which/that is used to sweep the floorlazinessvolunteerbroomCorrect the sente
34、nces-Goup work1. Im using the pen which he bought it yesterday.2. Do you know the man his name is Tom?3. The party was held by the Smiths last week was a big success.4. Is this the school which did you set up last year?5. Chengdu is the most beautiful city which Ive ever seen.6. Moyan and his works
35、which have been reported have attracted our attention.whosewhich/thatthat或删去或删去whichthatPractice makes perfect !1.The prize will go to the writer _ story shows the most imagination. A. that B. which C. whose D. whatC练一练！练一练！2. Finally he reached a lonely island _ was completely cut off from the outs
36、ide world. A. whenB. whereC. which D. whom C3. Youll find taxis waiting at the bus station _ you can hire to reach your host family.A. whichB. whereC. whenD. asA4. The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those _ lives were affected. A. whose B. that C. who D. whichA5. She has a
37、gift for creating an atmosphere for her students _ allows them to communicate freely with each other.A. which B. where C. what D. who A6. Old town has narrow streets and small houses _are built close to each other.A. they B. whereC. what D. thatD7. She showed the visitors around the museum, the cons
38、truction _had taken more than three years.A. for whichB. with whichC. of whichD. to whichC 8. This is one of the best books _. A. that have ever been written B. that has ever been written C. that has written D. that have written9. She is not the only one of the girls _ well in class. A. which sings
39、B. who sing C. who sings D. who to singAC10. Is this factory _ we visited last week ?DIs this the factory _ we visited last week?A、where B、thatC、to which D、the oneB解题关键：如果是疑问句式，将解题关键：如果是疑问句式，将其转化为陈述句式。其转化为陈述句式。11. This is the best hotel in the city _ I know. A. It B. where C. that D. which12. Your t
40、eacher of Chinese is a young lady_ comes from Beijing. A. who B. which C. whom D. whoseCA1.I bought some books from the bookstore, five _were English novels.A. of which B. whichC. that D. in whichAChoose the right answer.2. There are three libraries in our school, _ were built five years ago.A. all
41、of themB. either of themC. all of whichD. both of thatC3. Do you remember the day _ your sister was graduated as a Master of Arts?A. which B. on which C. about which D. 不填不填 B4. The bus, _ was already full, was surrounded by an angry crowd. A. which of most B. most of whichC. which of the most D. mo
42、st of that B5. His walking stick, _ he cant walk, was lost yesterday.A. thatB. with whichC. whichD. without whichDPractice makes perfect !1.The house _ we live is not big. The house_we live in is not big.DBA. in that B. which C. in which D. where3. It is not such an interesting magazine _ I thought.
43、 A. as B. that C. which D. 不填不填 4. _ you know, he is a famous musician. A. As B. which C. That D. 不填不填 AA5. She will never forget the day_ she spent in Beijing.A. when B. whatC. which D. whyC She will never forget the day _ she stayed with him in Beijing.A6. I dont like English, _ grammar I am not i
44、nterested. I dont like English, _ grammar is difficult to learn. I like this house, _ doorway is just enough to get . I like this house, _ doorway is small. A. in which B. which C. through whose D. whoseADCD7. There is no difficulty _ cant be overcome in the world. A. that B. which C. who D. what A8
45、. Who is the person _ is standing at the gate of Beijing Tourism Tower?A. who B. that C. whichD. whom B9. When you read the book, youd better make a mark _ you have any questions.A. at which B. at where C. the place where D. where 10. We all remember the days _ we studied together at school. A. whic
46、h B. that C. when D. 不填不填 11. Do you know the reason _ he didnt come?A. that B. which C. for D. why CDTranslation1. 1. 这就是那位帮助我的人。这就是那位帮助我的人。2. 2. 我不认识那个和你说话的女孩。我不认识那个和你说话的女孩。3. 3. 你认识一个叫王雨的人吗？你认识一个叫王雨的人吗？4. 4. 请给我解释一下你不辞而别的理由好请给我解释一下你不辞而别的理由好吗？吗？5. 5. 你记不记得我们到这儿的那一天你记不记得我们到这儿的那一天? ?6. 6. 他指给我看他丢钱包的
47、地方。他指给我看他丢钱包的地方。7. 7. 他把解决这个问题的方法告诉了我。他把解决这个问题的方法告诉了我。8. 8. 她有三个女儿，其中两个是老师。她有三个女儿，其中两个是老师。1. 这就是那位帮助我的人。这就是那位帮助我的人。This is the man who helped me.Do you know the man whose name is Wang Yu?2.我不认识那个和你说话的女孩。我不认识那个和你说话的女孩。I dont know the girl whom/that you speak to.3. 你认识一个叫王雨的人吗？你认识一个叫王雨的人吗？4. 请给我解释一下你不
48、辞而别的理请给我解释一下你不辞而别的理由好吗？由好吗？Could you please give me a reason why you left without a word? 5.你记不记得我们到这儿的那一天你记不记得我们到这儿的那一天?Do you remember the day when we arrived here?6. 他指给我看他丢钱包的地方。他指给我看他丢钱包的地方。 He showed me the place where he lost his wallet.7. 他把解决这个问题的方法告诉了我。他把解决这个问题的方法告诉了我。He told me the way (that / in which) he solved this problem.8. 她有三个女儿，其中两个是老师。她有三个女儿，其中两个是老师。She has three daughters, two of whom are teachers.
