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1、专题五写作-2-自2016年10月开始,浙江新高考发生了很大的变化,从题型上看,最大的变化体现在写作上。写作共分为两节:第一节是应用文写作;第二节是读后续写或概要写作。考试说明上明确说明:第二节“两种形式在不同考次不定期的使用”。无论是“读后续写”还是“概要写作”,要求考生首先需要阅读350词以内的短文,在对所给文章精确理解的基础上布局谋篇,这样所续写部分才不至于偏离主题。概括起来也就是:理解是起点,表达更是挑战。-3-依据普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语科考试说明(高考综合改革试验省份试用)最新推出的写作题型可知,浙江新高考英语试卷的写作部分发生了巨大变化,变成了应用文写作和读后续写或概要写
2、作两部分。其中,应用文写作旨在考查考生对所学语言知识的实践应用,是测试考生的语言交际能力和语言运用能力的有效题型。考纲要求考生根据所给情景,写一篇80词左右的短文。情景包括目的、对象、时间、地点、内容等;提供情景的方式有提纲、图画、图表等。阅卷时主要考虑的内容为:内容要点、应用词汇和语法结构的丰富性和准确性及上下文的连贯性。-4-考点1考点2考点3应用文写作命题分析命题分析1.分值满分15分(占试卷总分的十分之一)。2.题型特点词数80左右,为使行文连贯可适当增加细节。3.能力考查在考查考生遣词造句、布局谋篇能力的同时,更加侧重考查考生的交际能力以及利用所学的知识解决实际问题的能力。-5-考点
3、1考点2考点34.真题解读 -6-考点1考点2考点35.应用文写作的评分原则及给分范围评分原则1.本题总分为15分,按5个档次给分。2.评分时,先根据文章的内容和语言初步确定其所属档次,然后以该档次的要求来衡量、确定或调整档次,最后给分。3.词数少于60和多于100的,从总分中减去2分。4.评分时,应注意的主要内容为:内容要点、应用词汇和语法结构的丰富性和准确性及上下文的连贯性。5.拼写与标点符号是衡量语言准确性的一个方面,评分时,应视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑。英、美拼写及词汇用法均可接受。6.如书写较差,以至影响交际,将分数降低一个档次。-7-考点1考点2考点3各档次的给分范围和要求 -8
4、-考点1考点2考点3-9-考点1考点2考点3-10-考点1考点2考点3-11-考点1考点2考点36.失分的八大原因(1)审题不仔细,遗漏要点(2)过度不自然,单纯翻译(3)逻辑不恰当,有悖常理(4)表达不丰富,结构单调(5)语言不地道,汉式思维(6)用词不贴切,缺乏积累(7)语法不正确,错误不断(8)书写不规范,多词少词-12-考点1考点2考点3方法策略方法策略一、把握高分作文的两大特点(一)颜值高,注重外在美1.书写美观书面表达的得分不仅与内容、语言有关,而且与卷面书写也有关系。一篇好的书面表达,如果加上工整漂亮的书写,会使评分者耳目一新;如果字迹工整,大小写和标点使用规范,易于辨认,会使得
5、分档次自然提高。反之,若字迹潦草,左圈右划,此涂彼改,难于辨认,会令评分人眼花缭乱,得分档次自然不会高。高考书面表达评分标准对书写有较高要求,一定要认真、清楚、规范地书写。保证卷面整洁,提高卷面的“颜值”。单词与单词之间的距离要适中,能写下一个小写字母a即可。单词中字母之间的距离也要适当。字母不可过大或过小,一般情况下每行可写810个单词。-13-考点1考点2考点32.有气质,注重内在美(1)要点齐全,覆盖所有要点根据题目所给的信息提示,列出写作要点,避免遗漏。(2)词汇高级,应用较多词汇将要点扩展成符合写作要求的句子,避免英语汉语化。在保证正确的前提下,根据自己的语言表达能力,尽可能正确地使
6、用高级词汇。-14-考点1考点2考点3难词优先 状元笔记以上五个高级词汇既能修饰人,又能修饰物,务必记熟!-15-考点1考点2考点3短语优先 活用短语是一个考生能力的体现。因此,我们可以掌握一些将某些常见单词转化为短语的用法。状元笔记最常见的换词手段:形容词=of+同根名词very important重要的of great importancevery harmful有害的of great harmvery valuable有价值的of great valuevery significant至关重要的of great significancevery useful有用的of great use
7、very helpful有帮助的of great help-16-考点1考点2考点3“具体化”单词优先 -17-考点1考点2考点3(3)句式多样,应用较多语法结构避免句式单一,重复,尽量使用地道的语法结构或高级句式,提升表达水平。我们还将一起度过有趣的时间,唱歌、跳舞和做游戏。(动词-ing作伴随状语)Well also spend some fun time together .我想请你为我校英文报写篇文章。(不定式作宾语补足语) Id like to ask you for our schools English newspaper.是因为交通十分拥挤我才迟到的。(强调句) I arriv
8、ed late.如果你方便的话,我们就八点半在校门外见面。,lets meet at 8:30 outside the school gate.singing,dancing and playing games to write an article It was because the traffic was very heavy that If it is convenient for you -18-考点1考点2考点3(4)衔接自然,上下文衔接连贯行文连贯化。根据行文的需要,添加适当的过渡词或过渡句。有时可以给出恰当的段落中心句或文章结尾句,以使文章结构清晰、逻辑明了,衔接自然,浑然一体
9、。-19-考点1考点2考点3二、三步出美文第一步,认真审题、圈出要点。包括审文体,审时态(主要用什么时态),审人称(写给谁,以第几人称写),审要点。根据情景说明和写作要点思考要写哪些内容,并在试卷上圈出来。第二步,列出句子、译成英语。根据文体需要或主题需要,再结合常识,将不成句的要点拓展成57个句子(一般说来,有主语有谓语就是句子,即某人做某事或什么是什么等)。将上述句子用英语表达出来,注意不要生硬地逐字逐句译,要根据英语基本句型的结构或文体的要求等用正确得体的英语表达出来即可。当遇到难词表达不了时,就用近义词或句型,将大概意思表达出来就行。-20-考点1考点2考点3第三步,连句成文、规范誊写
10、将上述句子连成一篇通顺连贯的短文,必要时可能需要增加连词连成并列句或主从复合句,或增加连接性副词,如however,besides等。一手漂亮的英文字可能会让阅卷老师为你的作文提高一个档次。多得2分,你的人生可能会变得精彩万分!-21-考点1考点2考点3三、如何写(一)邀请信邀请信一般是邀请某人出席某仪式、参加某活动的信件或电子邮件。一般邀请信由三部分构成:第一部分进行自我介绍、问候寒暄;在第二部分清楚地表达邀请的意图以及具体时间、地点、场合,以及被邀请人需要做什么准备、会进行哪些活动等;在第三部分表达期待之意,以及联系方式等。需要注意,邀请信中时态常用一般现在时和一般将来时。1.布局谋篇要求
11、叙事一定要清楚、明白,要写清楚三个方面的内容:(1)邀请对方参加活动的具体内容、时间和地点;(2)邀请对方的原因;(3)期待对方接受邀请。-22-考点1考点2考点32.遣词造句(1)开头:发出邀请On behalf of them,I am writing to invite you.作为他们的代表,我写信是想邀请你Im now writing on behalf of.to invite you to come and attend it,if you can spare the time.我现在代表写信邀请您来参加,如果您能抽出时间的话。I sincerely invite you to
12、watch show because.我诚挚地邀请您来看演出,因为I wonder if youd like to go with me.我想知道您是否想和我一起去。-23-考点1考点2考点3(2)主体:活动内容Here is a brief schedule about this activity.First and foremost,.In addition,.Last but not least,.这是关于这次活动的简要日程计划表。首先,其次,最后,There will be many activities,such as.and so on.将会有很多的活动,例如等。(3)结尾:期待对
13、方接受邀请I sincerely hope you can accept our invitation/join us and I have the confidence that.我真诚地希望你能接受我们的邀请/加入我们,并且我相信Please let me know your decision if it is convenient for you.方便的时候请告知我你的决定。-24-考点1考点2考点3实战演练实战演练(20176浙江)假定你是李华,计划组织一次郊游,请给你的英国朋友Chris写封邮件邀请他参加。内容包括:1.参加者;2.时间、地点;3.活动:登山、野餐等。注意:1.词数8
14、0左右;2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。-25-考点1考点2考点3句式升级1.I am writing to tell you that our school will hold an outgoing to West Hill this Saturday morning.(用被动语态改写)I am writing to tell you that an outgoing to West Hill will be held this Saturday morning.2.All the students in our class will take part in the outgoing
15、.(将该句和上一句用定语从句合并)I am writing to tell you that an outgoing to West Hill will be held this Saturday morning,which all the students in our class will take part in.3.Would you like to join us?If you would like to join us,Ill go to call for you at 8 oclock that morning.(用省略结构改写)Would you like to join us
16、?If so,Ill go to call you at 8 oclock that morning.-26-考点1考点2考点3用恰当的过渡词和句式完成写作One Possible Version:Dear Chris,I am writing to tell you that an outgoing to West Hill will be held this Saturday morning,which all the students in our class will take part in.Additionally,there will be a few activities du
17、ring the outgoing,such as climbing the hill,having a picnic together and so on.Would you like to join us?If so,Ill go to call you at 8 oclock that morning.Looking forward to your early reply.Yours,Li Hua-27-考点1考点2考点3(二)询问信询问信是写信人对某方面的信息感兴趣,希望了解详细信息的信件。通常包括三部分内容:1.说明自己的计划或目的,也就是询问信息的原因。2.征询具体信息。3.期待回
18、复并表示感谢。-28-考点1考点2考点3模板句式模板句式1.开头:提出询问对象(1)I am writing to see if it is possible for you to provide me with information regarding.我写信是想知道您能否给我提供有关的信息。(2)Would you be so kind as to tell me.?您能告诉我吗?(3)Im writing to ask for more information about it.我写信来询问更多关于它的信息。-29-考点1考点2考点32.主体:询问信中的内容(1)There is no
19、 doubt that I will get good grades.毫无疑问我可以取得好成绩。(2)The most significant thing you should keep in mind is that.你应该牢记的最重要的事情是(3)By the way,do you need any other help?Please dont hesitate to let me know.顺便问一下,您需要其他的帮助吗?请不要犹豫,随时告知我们。-30-考点1考点2考点33.结尾:询问信的结尾(1)I would be most grateful if you could send m
20、e information regarding/concerning.如果你能给我提供方面的信息我将不胜感激。(2)Besides,is there anything that I should pay special attention to?此外,有没有我要特别注意的事情?(3)I am looking forward to your immediate response.期待您及时答复。-31-考点1考点2考点3实战演练实战演练(201610浙江)假定你是李华。下学期你将作为交换生 (exchange student) 去加拿大一所高中学习,住在Lynn家里。请给Lynn写一封邮件,内容
21、包括:1.介绍自己;2.告知到达时间;3.询问应做何准备。注意:1.词数80左右;2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。-32-考点1考点2考点3句式升级1.Im Li Hua and I am an exchange student from China.(用同位语改写)Im Li Hua,an exchange student from China.2.I wonder if you could give me some advice. I can get myself better prepared for my stay in Canada.(用结果状语合并句子)I wonder if y
22、ou could give me some advice so that I can get myself better prepared for my stay in Canada.-33-考点1考点2考点3用恰当的过渡词和句式完成写作One possible version:Dear Lynn,Im Li Hua,an exchange student from China.Im happy to know that Ill be staying with your family in the next few months while Im studying at the local h
23、igh school.Thank you for having me!I will arrive in Toronto on August 20th and get to your place late that afternoon.I wonder if you could give me some advice so that I can get myself better prepared for my stay in Canada.Looking forward to seeing you!Best wishes,Li Hua-34-考点1考点2考点3(三)申请信申请信有很多种,比如求
24、职申请、加入某组织、活动的申请、报考申请、学位或留学申请等等。其目的在于让对方了解自己的经验、能力、成就以及愿望等,所以个人情况的介绍应该是求职信的核心内容,应尽可能向对方说明本人的长处,以便留下好印象,获得面谈的机会。由于此类文章常有较多的文字提示,写作时除应注意格式上的要求外,也应注意审题全面,不能遗漏要点,并要注意人称和时态的变化,避免出现逻辑混乱。其结构为:-35-考点1考点2考点3常用句式开头:I am writing to express my interest in your recently advertised position for.我特地写信给贵方,对于您最近在广告上登
25、出的招聘的信息,我很感兴趣。结尾:I would be grateful if you could consider my request,and Im looking forward to your early reply.如果您能够考虑一下我的请求,我将不胜感激,盼望您的早日回复。-36-考点1考点2考点3实战演练实战演练假定你是李华,亚洲冬季运动会将在你居住的地方举办,现正在招募志愿者,你希望成为其中一员。请按要求用英语给组委会写一封80词左右的申请信。内容应包括:1.个人情况:年龄、性别、学历;2.个人条件:英语好、爱好体育、善于交往、乐于助人;3.承诺:提供最佳服务。注意:1.词数8
26、0左右;2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。-37-考点1考点2考点3句式升级1.I would like to work as a volunteer for the Asian Winter Games.(用动词-ing形式短语作定语改写)I would like to be one of the volunteers working for the Asian Winter Games.2.I get along with others easily and I am ready to give help whenever it is needed.(用形容词短语作状语改写)I get a
27、long with others easily,ready to give help whenever it is needed.3.My promise is to offer the best service possible to the people at the Games.(改为含有同位语从句的复合句)I make a promise that I will offer the best service possible to the people at the Games.-38-考点1考点2考点34.I would be grateful for your considerat
28、ion of my request.(用含有appreciate的句型改写)I would appreciate it if you could consider my request.-39-考点1考点2考点3用恰当的过渡词和句式完成写作One possible version:Dear Sir/Madam,My name is Li Hua.I would like to be one of the volunteers working for the Asian Winter Games.I am a boy of 16 and I am studying at high school
29、now.I am good at English and I like sports.Moreover,I get along with others easily,ready to give help whenever it is needed.My promise is to offer the best service possible to the people at the Games.I would appreciate it if you could consider my request,and Im looking forward to your early reply.Yo
30、urs faithfully,Li Hua-40-考点1考点2考点3(四)建议信建议信是生活中常见的一种文体,是写信人向收信人对某事提出的建议和忠告。建议信可能是写给个人,也可能是写给某个组织或机构,信的内容要包括写信的原因,建议的内容,提出建议的理由。建议信要写得简明扼要、目的明确、具有合理性和说服力。-41-考点1考点2考点3一、基本框架:具体写作步骤一般是“三段式”,通常以firstly,secondly,thirdly或to begin/start with,then,later,last but not least等依次陈述建议,具体为:第一段:表明写作意图。陈述事由,简单介绍自己,
31、注意语气。第二段:应该首先肯定对方的优点,然后再写需要改进的地方或针对具体情况提出具体的建议或忠告。注意千万不要让别人以为你是在投诉。第三段:对提出的建议进行总结。要注意有礼貌,使读者容易接受。-42-考点1考点2考点3二、注意事项:1.注意时态和人称的正确使用。2.注意论点和论据之间的衔接过渡。3.注意英文标点符号的正确使用和流利的书写。常用句式1.You have asked me for my advice with regard to.and I will try to make some useful suggestions.你询问我关于的意见,我会尽量提出一些有用的建议。2.I f
32、eel that it would be beneficial if.我认为如果,那将是有益的。3.I hope you will find these suggestions useful.我希望你会觉得这些建议有用。-43-考点1考点2考点3【写作范式必备】写作模板:Dear.Im writing to ask if you.My suggestions are.First,.Second,.I hope you will consider my advice.Yours,Li Hua-44-考点1考点2考点3实战演练实战演练假如你是张凯,你收到了你的朋友李华寄给你的一封信。他在英语学习中
33、遇到了一些诸如如何写英语作文等方面的困难,由此他感觉丧失了学习英语的信心。同时,他有强烈的学好英语的愿望。请你给他写一封回信。内容应包括:1.鼓励他不要灰心;2.给他提出一些英语学习特别是英语写作方面的建议。注意:1.词数80左右;2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。-45-考点1考点2考点3句式升级1.Many students find that writing well is difficult.(用it作形式宾语改写)Many students find it difficult to write well.2.Study hard and you can improve your En
34、glish writing.(改为含有条件状语从句的复合句)You can improve your English writing as long as you study hard.-46-考点1考点2考点3用恰当的过渡词和句式完成写作One possible version:Dear Li Hua,Ive received your letter and Im glad to give you some suggestions.First of all,dont be disappointed.Many students find it difficult to write well.I
35、n my opinion,if you want to improve your writing,you should do the following things.First,do some studying with setting phrases and structures.Second,read English as much as possible.There are many things that cant be learnt immediately.Finally,youd better recite some good passages.Im sure you can i
36、mprove your English writing as long as you study hard.Good luck for you!Yours truly,Zhang Kai-47-考点1考点2考点3(五)感谢信感谢信是对收信人表示感谢的信件,通常用于在收到别人的邀请、受到别人的表扬或帮助时表达谢意。常用句式(1)I am writing to express my sincere gratitude for (感谢的原因1).I would also like to thank you for your (感谢的原因2).(2)Your help is very much app
37、reciated by each of us.我们每个人都非常感谢你的帮助。(3)Again,I would like to express my warm thanks to you!Please accept my gratitude.-48-考点1考点2考点3实战演练实战演练假定你是高三学生李华。请给英语老师Jack写一封信,表达对他的感谢。内容包括:1.感谢的理由。(可结合具体事例,如学习中经历的困难或取得的成绩)2.表达真挚的感谢和祝福。注意:1.词数80左右,开头和结尾已为你写好;2.可适当增加细节,使行文连贯。-49-考点1考点2考点3Dear Jack,Im Li Hua,on
38、e of your students._Yours sincerely,Li Hua-50-考点1考点2考点3句式升级表达感激1.I am writing to say thank you to you.(用convey改写)I am writing to convey my heartfelt thanks to you.2.You gave me timely encouragement.Your encouragement got me back on track.(用定语从句合并句子)You offered timely encouragement and tutored me aft
39、er class,which got me back on track.3.You offer me much help and I really appreciate it.(用定语从句改写)I really appreciate all the help you offer to me.-51-考点1考点2考点3用恰当的过渡词和句式完成写作One possible version:Dear Jack,Im Li Hua,one of your students.And I am writing to convey my heartfelt thanks to you.Looking bac
40、k,I was absent-minded in class and never really got involved in learning.I was upset and discouraged because of poor performances in exams.Fortunately,you offered timely encouragement and tutored me after class,which got me back on track.Thanks to your help,my efforts paid off and now I feel crazy a
41、bout English.I really appreciate all the help you offer to me.Wish you all the best!Yours sincerely,Li Hua-52-考点1考点2考点3附:写作易错词汇大盘点(1)affect vt.影响;effect n.效果;effort n.努力(2)thought vt.想(过去式);though尽管;through通过(3)test n./v.测试;text n.文本;课本(4)chance n. 机会;change n.零钱/vt.改变 (5)prize n. 奖;price n.价格(6)thi
42、ng n. 东西;think v.想(7)three people/three persons 三个人 (8)experience v./n. 经历;experiment n.实验(9)succeed v.成功;success n. 成功;successful adj. 成功的(10)health n.健康;healthy adj.健康的(11)attract vt.吸引;attack n.袭击-53-考点1考点2考点3读后续写命题分析命题分析作为一种将阅读与写作紧密结合的考查形式,读后续写旨在考查考生的综合语言运用能力。所提供的语言材料的体裁以记叙文和夹叙夹议文为主。读后续写除了要求考生掌握
43、丰富的词汇和句式外,还注重考查学生在内容构思和情节衔接方面的能力。从考查形式上看,试卷提供一段语言材料,要求考生依据该材料内容、所给段落开头语和所标示关键词进行续写,将其发展成一篇与给定材料有逻辑衔接、情节和结构完整的短文。1.原文材料350词以内,所续写文章150词左右。2.原文多是情节丰富的记叙文,偶有少量的议论文。3.原文给出10处左右的标有下划线的关键词语,所续写短文应使用5个以上。-54-考点1考点2考点34.续写部分分为两段,每段开头语已经给出。5.续写部分两大类别:半开放性质:必须依据文章的语境逻辑推理续写。完全开放性质:可以依据文章的思路,自己发挥。-55-考点1考点2考点3方
44、法策略方法策略一、遵循两个原则1.立足原文,合理拓展段落开头语与传统写作中的开头语类似,在某种程度上引导你的思路向哪方面发展,所续写部分不能脱离各自的段落开头语,而是要在其基础上进行拓展发挥。不能随心所欲地写,而是要在所给段落开头和所标示关键词的帮助下完成续写。再构思是要抓住故事的叙事线索,依据原文的写作思路续写文章,并适当发散思维。-56-考点1考点2考点32.读写并重,精确理解续写所给语言材料多是记叙文之故事类文章,情节曲折跌宕,线索性和逻辑性较强。需要考生在写作前对给定材料精确理解,这样所续写部分才不至于偏离主题,就这方面而言,读后续写有点类似阅读理解题中对文章后续发展的推断,如:Wha
45、t would happen next?此外,续写部分的思路和内容并不一定是唯一的,因此考生在写作时可根据自己对上文材料的理解,对文章的结尾做出不同的诠释。-57-考点1考点2考点3二、续写步骤1.仔细审题,明确续写要求。2.速读全文,确定文章线索。每篇文章都有各自独特的写作思路。通过速读文章,找到该篇文章的写作线索,如是以时间为线索还是以空间为线索等,抓住文中的关键词(时间、地点、人物、事件等)。这样有利于我们“顺藤摸瓜(结尾)”。3.剖析原文,揣摩续写思路。后续情节一般为故事的高潮或延续,是原作者声音的延续、态度的延伸,因此在写作时要根据文章后面的要求,再次快速回读短文,抓住文章的思路,结
46、合续写段段首的提示语,最终确定续写段落的思路,同时结合文章中标有下划线的关键词语,确定续写段落的内容。同时还要寻求前文与续写段段首句之间的内在联系,站在作者的角度,设计并发展情节,想象要合理,情节要连贯。-58-考点1考点2考点34.再读文章,提炼精华。所选材料都是语言地道、正能量的文章,因此,在写作时要注意精神元素的提炼,比如:2017年6月浙江高考的素材,我们可以从“乐于助人、珍爱生命、学会合作、心存感激”等方面提炼,这样把事物美好的一面展示出来。5.拟定草稿,修改润色。利用自己已有的知识和经验,在继承原作者风格和语言基础之上,准确、地道地拟定草稿。同时还要注意提高关联词与过渡语的使用率,
47、增强整句表现力。注意修改草稿中的错误,标出续写部分中使用到的原材料中标有下划线的关键词语(5个以上)。需要说明的是,如果所给短文为议论文,因为议论文中的段落首句多为主题句,观点鲜明。故续写时,要围绕段落分论点确定论证方法,如正反对比、例证等。-59-考点1考点2考点3三、注意事项1.词数要求:词数少于130词的,从总分中减去2分。2.与所给短文及段落开头语的衔接程度。3.内容的丰富性和对所标出关键词语的应用。4.应用语言结构和词汇的丰富性和准确性。5.上下文的连贯性。-60-考点1考点2考点3(20186浙江)It was summer,and my dad wanted to treat m
48、e to a vacation like never before.He decided to take me on a trip to the Wild West.We took a plane to Albuquerque,a big city in the state of New Mexico.We reached Albuquerque in the late afternoon.Uncle Paul,my dads friend,picked us up from the airport and drove us up to his farm in Pecos.His wife T
49、ina cooked us a delicious dinner and we got to know his sons Ryan and Kyle.My dad and I spent the night in the guestroom of the farm house listening to the frogs and water rolling down the river nearby.Very early in the morning,Uncle Paul woke us up to have breakfast.“The day starts at dawn on my fa
50、rm,”he said.After breakfast, I went to help Aunt Tina feed the chickens,while my dad went with Uncle Paul to take the sheep out to graze(吃草).I was impressed to see my dad and Uncle Paul riding horses.They looked really cool.-61-考点1考点2考点3In the afternoon,I asked Uncle Paul if I could take a horse rid
51、e,and he said yes,as long as my dad went with me.I wasnt going to take a horse ride by myself anyway.So,my dad and I put on our new cowboy hats,got on our horses,and headed slowly towards the mountains.“Dont be late for supper,”Uncle Paul cried,“and keep to the track so that you dont get lost!”“OK!”
52、my dad cried back.After a while Uncle Paul and his farm house were out of sight.It was so peaceful and quiet and the colors of the brown rocks,the deep green pine trees,and the late afternoon sun mixed to create a magic scene.It looked like a beautiful woven(编织的) blanket spread out upon the ground j
53、ust for us.-62-考点1考点2考点3注意:1.所续写短文的词数应为150左右;2.至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语;3.续写部分分为两段,每段的开头语已为你写好;4.续写完成后,请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。Paragraph 1:Suddenly a little rabbit jumped out in front of my horse.Paragraph 2:We had no idea where we were and it got dark.-63-考点1考点2考点3【试题解读】今年的续写题目,语言简单,但却很到位地表达了假期的温馨,似乎让人闻到了空气的清新
54、、感受到了农场度假的新奇和闲适。这种气氛也是应该贯穿始终的,即使有了迷路的插曲,整个故事还是应该遵循清新、自然的风格。阅读文本中主要讲述了“父亲带儿子去西部荒野,喂鸡牧羊,体验农场生活;见父亲和叔叔骑马很是潇洒,儿子心生向往,于是亲身上马体验”的故事。与此同时,结合提供的两段开头,我们不难发现,时态要考虑用一般过去时态为主,人称以第一人称为主。同时要兼顾词数的要求,不要过多,关键词列出5个以上,需要均匀分布在两段中。考生要注意几个关键信息和情节变化并结合给出提示的两段内容进行合理构思。-64-考点1考点2考点3【写作要点】2016年10月浙江高考读后续写题讲的是“Jane和丈夫Tom吵架之后在
55、森林里迷路”,但2018年6月的浙江读后续写题里的“我”有爸爸陪伴在侧,迷路了还能感受到假期的美好,那才是真正的“a vacation like never before”。在语言上,该题的语言比较简单,没有复杂的语法结构或者高级的辞藻,续写的段落和原文要做到无缝衔接,除了要考虑情节续写合理外,也需考虑语言风格上的一致。-65-考点1考点2考点3【可用素材】词汇已给提示词汇:dad,Uncle Paul,farm house,river,feed,sheep,late, track,get lost,sight话题激活词汇:情感:panic,relief,nervous,worried;动作:
56、run,cry,think to oneself;环境:scenery,mountain,range,valley,river,lake,forest,sun,set,wind, blow-66-考点1考点2考点3【注意事项】(1)注意阅读材料交代的信息,理清文章的脉络和关系:出游西部,心情愉悦到达农庄,好奇不已喂鸡养羊,体验生活骑马诱惑,跃跃欲试与父同行,策马飞奔突现兔子,不知所措迷路险情,如何回家等。(2)读懂阅读材料,找到原作者的伏笔,推测原作者的写作脉络和结局。(3)认真阅读所续写两段的不同。考虑选择哪些关键词:dad, Uncle Paul,farm house,river,feed
57、,sheep,late,track,get lost,sight等。同时根据情节,需要储备一些词汇,如:哭了出来let out a cry;然而however;吓坏了be scared;保持镇定keep calm;如释重负to my relief;迷路get lost;累exhausted;饿hungry;回家find our way back;求救帮助shout for help;不久之后before long;看到we caught sight of 等等。-67-考点1考点2考点3【范文赏读】Paragraph 1:Suddenly a little rabbit jumped out
58、in front of my horse.Afraid that I might hurt the lovely small creature,I automatically let out a cry to stop my horse.However,it became scared and started to run like crazy.All this coming,without warning,I was seized by fear.“Dont let go the rope!Keep calm!” yelled Dad.I followed what he told me t
59、o.To my relief,it stopped slowly.But before we jumped off the horses,we found that we had been off the beaten track and got lost.-68-考点1考点2考点3Paragraph 2:We had no idea where we were and it got dark.Exhausted and hungry,I wondered if we could find our way back. I kept shouting for help,hoping my sho
60、uts could be heard by someone,but there was no reply.Dad sounded a little worried as he reminded me to calm down.It was then that my mind raced.“Listen,Dad,the rushing river water,” I shouted excitedly,“we can return to the farm house down the river.” Before long,we caught sight of the lights in the
61、 distance.We knew we were safe.What a thrilling vacation,like never before,we had!-69-考点1考点2考点3【赏析】该句很好地承接了开头句,为下文的阐述做好了铺垫。同时语言中采用了独立结构,体现了作者较好的语言运用能力。该句中用However进行了较好地上下文转折,同时语句中使用了run like crazy,体现了马受惊后的险象环生,使得情节非常丰富多彩。独立主格结构,体现了作者良好的写作能力和极强的语言把控能力。该部分描绘了我们迷路后的状态,用词exhausted和hungry来体现父子当时的囧况,同时 I
62、wondered if we could find our way back也间接表达了作者对当时状况的不确定和焦虑。-70-考点1考点2考点3【点评】全文能根据要求和提示把未写完部分补充完整,使之浑然一体。文章续写与所给短文及段落开头语的衔接程度基本一致,同时文章应用了丰富的语法结构和词汇,保持了上下文的连贯性。作者对父子迷路的后续故事有较好的把握。能抓住who,when,where,why,what和how六大要素进行剖析,理清了阅读材料的前后逻辑顺序和预测故事发展趋势和方向,总体较好地完成了写作要求。-71-考点1考点2考点3真题演练真题演练【真题1】(201711浙江)A Vacati
63、on with My MotherI had an interesting childhood.It was filled with surprise and amusements,all because of my motherloving,sweet,yet absent-minded and forgetful.One strange family trip we took when I was eleven tells a lot about her.-72-考点1考点2考点3My two sets of grandparents lived in Colorado and North
64、 Dakota, and my parents decided to spend a few weeks driving to those states and seeing all the sights along the way.As the first day of our trip approached,David,my eight-year-old brother,and I unwillingly said good-bye to all of our friends.Who knew if wed ever see them again? Finally,the moment o
65、f our departure arrived,and we loaded suitcases, books,games,camping equipment,and a tent into the car and bravely drove off.We bravely drove off again two hours later after wed returned home to get the purse and travelers checks Mom had forgotten.-73-考点1考点2考点3David and I were always a little nervou
66、s when using gas station bathrooms if Mom was driving while Dad slept:“You stand outside the door and play lookout(放哨) while I go,and Ill stand outside the door and play lookout while you go.” I had terrible pictures in my mind:“Honey,where are the kids?” “What?! Oh,Gosh.I thought they were being aw
67、fully quiet.” We were never actually left behind in a strange city,but we werent about to take any chances.-74-考点1考点2考点3On the fourth or fifth night,we had trouble finding a hotel with a vacancy.After driving in vain for some time,Mom suddenly got a great idea:Why didnt we find a house with a likely
68、-looking backyard and ask if we could set up tent there?David and I became nervous.To our great relief,Dad turned down the idea.Mom never could understand our objections(反对).If a strange family showed up on her front doorstep,Mom would have been delighted.She thinks everyone in the world as as nice
69、as she is.We finally found a vacancy in the next town.-75-考点1考点2考点3注意:1.所续写短文的词数应为150左右;2.至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语;3.续写部分分为两段,每段的开头语已为你写好;4.续写完成后,请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。Paragraph 1:The next day we remembered the brand-new tent we had brought with us.Paragraph 2:We drove through several states and saw lots of g
70、reat sights along the way.-76-考点1考点2考点3Paragraph 1:The next day we remembered the brand-new tent we had brought with us.But then we were half an hour away from the hotel,where the tent was left behind.Dad recommended buying a new one,while Mom insisted on our going back to fetch it,saying “Forgetful
71、 people like me may lose things repeatedly,so its unwise to give up the tent.” Finally,we got back the tent and hit the road again.If Mom hadnt been that absent-minded,it would have saved us the trouble of going back again and again.-77-考点1考点2考点3Paragraph 2:We drove through several states and saw lo
72、ts of great sights along the way.One day,towards evening,we found a great camping site at the foot of a high mountain.David and I helped Dad put up the tent,and Mom was busy preparing supper.When the setting sun cast an orange light over the mountains,the tent was set up and the meal was ready.Sitti
73、ng around the camp fire,we talked and laughed.Every time we mentioned the funny incidents of the journey a pleasant smile would spread over Moms face.-78-考点1考点2考点3【真题2】(20176浙江)On a bright,warm July afternoon,Mac Hollan,a primary school teacher,was cycling from his home to Alaska with his friends.On
74、e of his friends had stopped to make a bicycle repair,but they had encouraged Mac to carry on,and they would catch up with him soon. As Mac pedaled(骑行) along alone,he thought fondly of his wife and two young daughters at home.He hoped to show them this beautiful place someday.Then Mac heard quick an
75、d loud breathing behind him.“Man,thats a big dog!” he thought.But when he looked to the side,he saw instantly that it wasnt a dog at all,but a wolf,quickly catching up with him.-79-考点1考点2考点3Macs heart jumped.He found out his can of bear spray.With one hand on the bars,he fired the spray at the wolf.
76、A bright red cloud enveloped the animal,and to Macs relief,it fell back,shaking its head. But a minute later,it was by his side again.Then it attacked the back of Macs bike,tearing open his tent bag.He fired at the wolf a second time,and again,it fell back only to quickly restart the chase(追赶).Mac w
77、as pedaling hard now.He waved and yelled at passing cars but was careful not to slow down.He saw a steep uphill climb before him.He knew that once he hit the hill,hed be easy caught up and the wolfs teeth would be tearing into his flesh.-80-考点1考点2考点3At this moment,Paul and Becky were driving their c
78、ar on their way to Alaska.They didnt think much of it when they saw two cyclists repairing their bike on the side of the road.A bit later,they spotted what they,too,assumed was a dog running alongside a man on a bike.As they got closer,they realized that the dog was a wolf.Mac heard a large vehicle
79、behind him.He pulled in front of it as the wolf was catching up fast,just a dozen yards away now.注意:1.所续写短文的词数应为150左右;2.应使用5个以上短文中标有下划线的关键词语;3.续写部分分为两段,每段的开头语已为你写好;4.续写完成后,请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。-81-考点1考点2考点3Paragraph 1:The car abruptly stopped in front of him.Paragraph 2:A few minutes later,the other two
80、 cyclists arrived.-82-考点1考点2考点3Paragraph 1:The car abruptly stopped in front of him.Paul and Becky got out of the car immediately to give the help.But with the bare hands,they didnt dare to fight with the wolf.However,they still approached to the wolf bravely.At the same time,the wolf also noticed t
81、hem and turned its head back,shouting loudly at Paul and Becky.Mac then jumped off the bicycle and was ready to fight against the wolf.That has become a deadlock.-83-考点1考点2考点3Paragraph 2:A few minutes later,the other two cyclists arrived.They found the dangerous situation,where three men circled the
82、 wolf.Macs friends also jumped off their bicycles and joined the fight with the wolf.More and more cars stopped.Some driverstook out the sticks from the cars,and some took out the knives,even the guns towards the wolf.Just at that time,the wolf might feel the threats from the people,starting to with
83、draw.Soon,it ran away off the road and disappeared in the distance.-84-考点1考点2考点3概要写作命题分析命题分析概要写作,简言之就是对所读过的文章简要概括,写出文章的中心大意,也可称之为摘要。写概要时,读者要是把文章的具体信息用一些具有概括功能的词和句表述出来,而不是抄袭文章的原句,更不是把细节性信息作为中心,而是要通过对文章中的单词、词组和句子进行合理转换,对文章的具体信息进行概括,再用合适的语言表述出来。这一题型主要考查学生对文章主旨大意的概括和准确获取关键词的能力,同时考查学生用简洁的语言概括文章重要信息的能力以及对
84、文章整体结构的把握能力。因此,概要写作是基于阅读理解和书面表达,是二者的有机结合体,是阅读理解和书面表达的沟通桥梁。-85-考点1考点2考点3该题型要求根据所提供的材料写一篇60词左右的内容概要。其中所提供的短文词数在350以内;所选材料体裁没有限制,以说明文、议论文和记叙文为主。-86-考点1考点2考点3在写作时,主要考虑以下内容:概括的准确性概要应包括原文中的主要事实,略去不必要的细节。安排好篇幅的比例,概要应同原文篇幅保持协调,即用较多的文字写重要内容,用较少的文字写次要内容。开篇用主题句清楚明白地告诉读者文章的写作目的,主题句的质量决定了概括的成败。语言的规范性尽量使用短句,慎用长难句
85、。多使用概括性词语,少用具体描述性词语。不排斥用原文的某些词句,但不要照搬原文的句子,如果不能完全用自己的话语表达,至少对原文句子作一些同义词替换,如果结构上也能有一些转换会更好。-87-考点1考点2考点3篇章的连贯性理解准确,涵盖全部要求,完全使用自己的语言,准确使用相应的语法结构和词汇,得分相应比较高。相反,如果概要写作部分出现两句以上整句抄自原文现象,得分档次将会大大降低;所写内容与所提供内容无关不得分。所写的文章要有一个明确的主题贯穿全文,在组织材料时有明晰的思路。此外,层次要分明,有条理;衔接过渡要自然。在备考的过程中进行写提纲的训练有助于该项能力的提高。-88-考点1考点2考点3状
86、元笔记1.记叙文:“要素串联法”记叙文主要是记叙所发生的事情和经历。常见的形式有:故事、日记、新闻报道、游记等。记叙文通常要交代清楚六要素,即where,when,what,who,why,how 即“地点、时间、事件、人物、原因、过程(感悟、启发、启迪、号召、结论、收获等)给读者一个内容完整、细节清晰的故事。事情的叙述通常按时间的顺序叙述,让读者易于把握所叙述内容之间的内在关联,我们必须抓住记叙文的写作特点或思路,从而更好地理解文章主题,概括出比较中肯的短文中心大意,用最简练的语言来说明故事讲述了什么。其概要模板为:-89-考点1考点2考点3a.点明写作目的类:The writer tell
87、s us.(主题)by showing us an example of., who/which.(故事情节).b.作者经历类:In the passage,the writer mainly tells us his experience of doing sth., which.c.他人经历类:This passage is mainly about sb.s experience of doing sth.-90-考点1考点2考点32.议论文:“主题概括法”议论文通常用来讲明道理、议论是非、提出观点和看法。作者先正面或反面提出论点,然后用事实论证论点,最后以重申论点或提出建议的方式得出结
88、论。议论文的主题句通常在首段、尾段,或者在各段的首句或尾句。该概述的过程中尽可能客观简要地转述阅读材料的观点。可以采用如下方法概括:The writer of this article thinks that.或者你认为本材料的观点代表了一些人的思想,就可以说Some people think.还可以从中立的角度或用“无人称”的方式来说The article gives the view that.-91-考点1考点2考点3在具体的写作中要注意:第一,找出关键词和全文或段落的主题句。任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的,因此,许多文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词,即高频词,也叫做主
89、题词。抓住了它,便容易抓住文章的中心。一般地说,主题词通常是名词、动词或形容词。第二,根据原文的词句(一般指关键词和全文或段落的主题句),进行改写:或用相应的同义词,或进行句型转换(如主动句改为被动句等等)。千万不要原封不动地抄写原文的词句。第三,用连词连接各部分,使它连贯。第四,整合中心要点,使用形容词、介词短语、非谓语动词短语合并、简化句子,使之符合概括短文内容要点的词数议论性的阅读材料,要尽可能客观简要地转述阅读材料的观点,常用以下句式开头:-92-考点1考点2考点3The passage mainly tells us (talks about).We can know from th
90、e passage.As far as the author is concerned.-93-考点1考点2考点33.说明文、应用文:“段意合并法”说明性短文,必须用概括性的文字来说明某种现象,常用以下句式开头:It is stated in the article that.According to the passage,the author states that.说明文的概括结构为:phenomenon/problem + reason + solution (cause and effect),introduction of an object (how it is made,how
91、 it is used,how it may change,what makes it new or significant)-94-考点1考点2考点3对于说明性或描述性短文,可以用概括性文字说明某一现象。其模板为:(1)现象揭示类:This article points out the common phenomenon(主题),which.(补充解释).(2)利弊对比类:The article compares the disadvantages/benefits of A and B.A.while B.(3)研究显示类:The study reveals(揭露) that.The pu
92、rpose of the report is to show that.-95-考点1考点2考点3方法策略方法策略一、弄清要求,有的放矢。概要写作是写全文的概要,不是写某一部分的概要,也不是单独就某些问题写出要点。二、细读原文,确定主题句。首先要仔细阅读短文,确定文章的主题句,掌握文章主旨和结构,明确各段的大意。主题句一般在段首。没有主题句的需要自己组合。三、寻找关键词,列出原文要点。分析主题句意义,确定关键词,关键词一般体现为名词、形容词,关键词的数目决定了概括的信息浓度。分析原文的内容和结构,将内容分项扼要表述并注意在结构上的顺序。在此基础上选出与文章主题密切相关的部分。-96-考点1考点
93、2考点3状元笔记(1)概要应包括原文中的主要事实,略去不必要的细节。(2)安排好篇幅的比例,概要应同原文篇幅保持协调,即用较多的文字写重要内容,用较少的文字写次要内容。(3)注意要点之间的衔接,要用适当的关联词语贯通全文,切忌只简单地写出一些互不相干的句子,但也不要每两句之间都加关联词语,以免显得生硬。(4)不排斥用原文的某些词句,但不要照搬原文的句子,如果不能完全用自己的话语表达,至少对原文句子做一些同义词替换,如果结构上也能有一些转换会更好。(5)计算词数,看是否符合规定的词数要求(60词左右)。-97-考点1考点2考点3实战演练实战演练阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
94、Punishing children is a controversial topic.Everybody has different opinions about how to act to correct a childs behavior.Parents, teachers,doctors and specialists such as psychologists,have disagreements about whether it is good for a childs education to punish him or her.The word “punish” means d
95、ifferent things to different people.On the one hand,punishment can be physical or emotional.Physical punishment is when the parent hits,slaps or spanks the child.On the other hand,emotional punishment is when the parent,in order to educate the child,doesnt let him or her watch TV,go to play with his
96、 or her friends,or do things like that.The parent doesnt teach him or her,but still he or she punishes the child.-98-考点1考点2考点3Although many surveys and studies have been made about the correct way to raise a child,nobody has the answer or the truth.I think it will be very difficult to find the answe
97、r or get people to agree.I think the parents should love their child and give him or her the best education,but at the same time,they should punish the child if he or she deserves it.I think if you love your child,you should be rational when you apply the punishment.It should be reasonable but stric
98、t.The parents goal is to have a good man or woman in society in the future,so sometimes you should do what is necessary to get your child to behave well.-99-考点1考点2考点3One possible version:People have mixed opinions towards punishment to children.(要点1)Punishment can be physical or emotional,but the wa
99、y they are punished is the key problem.(要点2)As a matter of fact,it is difficult to find the correct way to raise a child.(要点3)Proper punishment can be instructive and necessary for children if it is reasonable and strict.But love and education are the most important for us to make our kids behave well.(要点4)
