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1、语态语态时态时态 主动形式主动形式 被动形式被动形式一般式一般式完成式完成式(not) doing(not) being done(not)having done(not)having been done二: V-ing 可作主语、宾语、表语; 定语、状语和宾语补足语，但不能单独作谓语。 V-ing 形式表示的动作与主要动词同时发生或发生在主要动词之后，用其一般式; V-ing 形式表示的动作在主要动词之前发生，用其完成时，在具体应用中也常以一般式代替完成式。V-ing 的用法： 1.1.作主语作主语 Swimming is good for health. _(raise)your hat
2、to a a lady is good manners . 对一位女士脱帽致敬是礼貌的。对一位女士脱帽致敬是礼貌的。 _(kill)bysharksintheseaisacommonthing.RaisingBeingkilled 2. 作表语 Teaching is learning. 教学相长 My hobby is _ (make) model planes. Whatworriedthechildmostwas_ (not, allow) to visit hismotherinthehospital.makingnotbeingallowed注意：动名词和不定式都可以作主语，动名词作
3、主动名词和不定式都可以作主语，动名词作主语表示一般或抽象的多次性行为，不定式作语表示一般或抽象的多次性行为，不定式作主语往往表示具体的或一次性的动作。如：主语往往表示具体的或一次性的动作。如：Playingwithfireisdangerous.（泛指玩火）（泛指玩火）Toplaywithfirewillbedangerous.（指一具体动作）（指一具体动作） 2). V-ing形式和不定式都要有对称性;当主语是不定式时，表语也用不定式；反之，当主语是 V-ing 形式时，表语也用 V-ing 形式。 To see is to believe. = Seeing is believing.注意
4、注意 3).Itsnouse(good)doingsthItsawasteoftimedoingsthit作形式主语,只用V-ing,不用不定式。Itis+adj.+(forsb)todosthItisnousecryingoverspiltmilk.覆水难收。Itisawasteoftime_(talk)tohim.Itisimportantforme_(learn)English.talkingtolearn1._theexamwilldisappointyourparents.A.YoufailingB.YourfailingC.YoufailD.Youtofail.2._thesame
5、mistakeagainmadehisparentsveryangry.A.HisbeingmadeB.HehasmadeC.HehadmakingD.Hismaking3.Idontthinkitsmuchgood_tohim.A.writingB.towriteC.writeD.written4.Suchbooksarenotworthy_atall.A.ofbeingreadB.beingreadC.readingD.toread5.Itisnouse_withoutthrough_.A.toread;understoodB.reading;understandingC.toread;u
6、nderstandD.read;tounderstandExercises 3. 3.作宾语 V-ing 形式既可作动词的宾语, 也可作介词的宾语。 Wewouldappreciatehearingfromyou我们会珍惜你的来信。 Thebirdescaped_(catch).Ifeellike_(join)thearmy.Hewasafraidof_(abandon)byus.beingabandonedbeingcaughtjoining注意：注意： 在在 avoid, admit, appreciate, consider, delay, enjoy, escape, excuse,
7、finish, forgive, imagine, mind, miss, practise, risk, suggest, give up, put off, feel like, insist on , insteadof,lookforwardto,objectto,keepon等后只接等后只接V-ing形式作宾形式作宾语。语。p避免错过少延期p建议完成多联系p喜欢想象禁不住p承认否定与嫉妒p逃避冒险莫原谅p忍受保持不介意Exercises1.Thethiefenteredtheroomwithout_.A.noticingB.beingnoticedC.havingnoticedD.h
8、avingbeennoticed2.Besides_,sheiskindandtender.A.beautifulB.beingbeautifulC.shebeautifulD.isbeautiful3.Whenheheardthebignoise,Tomstopped_and_tothewindowtoseewhatwashappening.A.toread;wentB.reading;togoC.reading;goingD.reading;went4.Iambusy_fortheentranceexamination,soIcanthelp_houseworkathome.A.prepa
9、ring;doingB.preparing;todoC.toprepare;doingD.toprepare;todo注意注意在在want，need，require，deserve等动词之后等动词之后作宾语时，常用动名词的主动式表示被动意义。作宾语时，常用动名词的主动式表示被动意义。Yourcarneedsfilling.你这车要充气了。你这车要充气了。Thiscitydeservesvisiting.这座城市值得光顾一下。这座城市值得光顾一下。Theproblemrequiresstudyingcarefully.这个问题需要认真研究。这个问题需要认真研究。Thetreeswantwater
10、ing.这些树需要浇水了。这些树需要浇水了。在（在（be）worth后面只能用动名词的主动态来表示被动意义。Hissuggestionisworthconsidering.Thebookisworthreading.在在allow，advise，forbid，permit等动词后等动词后直接跟动名词形式作宾语，如果后面有名词或代直接跟动名词形式作宾语，如果后面有名词或代词作宾语，其后用动词不定式作宾语补足语。如：词作宾语，其后用动词不定式作宾语补足语。如：Wedontallowsmokinghere.Wedontallowstudentstosmoke.1.Sorry,wedontallow_
11、inthelectureroom.A.tosmokeB.smokeC.smokingD.tosmoking2.Theydontpermit_noiseher.A.tomakeB.makeC.makingD.made3.Thesentencewants_oncemore.A.toexplain B.explainingC.beingexplained D.tobeexplainedit4.Thesquirrelwasluckythatitjustmissed_.A.catchingB.tobecaughtC.beingcaughtD.tocatchExercises5.Alisaidthatsh
12、ewouldntmind_aloneathome.A.leftB.beingleftC.tobeleftD.leaving6.She_thekey.A.admittedtakingB.admittedtakingC.admittedhavingtakenD.admittedtohavetaken7.Didyouenjoyyourselflastnight?Itsveryniceofyou.Iappreciated_totheparty.A.tobeinvitedB.tohaveinvitedC.beinginvitedD.havingbeeninvited8.Whileweredevelopi
13、ngagricultureandindustry,wemustpreventtheearth_.A.frompollutingB.pollutedC.pollutingD.beingpolluted4.作定语作定语Thegirlstandingthereismysister.Thisisapieceof_(surprise)news.Theproblem_(discuss)nowisveryimportant.Thefarmers_(work)inthefieldsaretired.surprisingbeingdiscussedworking5.作状语作状语Hearingthegoodnew
14、s,hejumpedwithjoy.Hesatatthetable,_(read)ChinaDaily._(ask)toanswerthequestion,shecouldntrefuse._(work)hard,youwillsucceed.readingWorkingBeingasked6.作宾语补足语作宾语补足语:Isawpeoplecomingandgoinginthestreet.Iheardher_(sing)asonginherroom.Youllfindthetopic_(discuss)everywherenow.beingdiscussedsinging7.-Ving一般时
15、一般时和和一般时的被动形式一般时的被动形式;1)Hehurriedhome,lookingbehindfromtimetotime.2)Thebuildingbeingrepairedisourdormitory.-Ving的的完成时完成时和和完成时的被动形式完成时的被动形式1)Havinglitacandle,shewentout.2)Havingbeenaskedtostay,Icouldntleave.3)Havingheardthis,ourteacherexpressedhersatisfaction. 8. 在绝大数情况下，ving的逻辑主语是句子的主语，但有时前可有一个名词或代词
16、表示视神经逻辑上的主语，这种带逻辑主语的称为独立结构。 The meeting being over, we all left the room and drove home. 会议结束后，我们都离开房间开车走了。It being a holiday, all the shops were shut. 由于今天是假日，所有商店都关门了。 9. 有少数并不表示句子主语的动作，而是表示说话人的态度。 Generally speaking, the novel is not very inspiring. 总的来说，这部小说并不感人。 Judging from what you say, he ou
17、ght to succeed. 从你说的情况看，他应能成功。Practice1. - What made Bill so angry? - _. His girl friend promised to come at 8:30, but she hasnt come yet. A. Having kept waiting B. Being kept waiting C. To be kept waiting D. Being kept waitedB 2. The building _ in our school is for us teachers. Though theres noise
18、most of the day, we still feel happy about it. A. built B. having been built C. to be built D. being builtD 3. The squirrel was lucky that it just missed _. A. catching B. to be caught C. being caught D. to catchC 4. While shopping, people sometimes cant help _ into buying something they dont really
19、 need. A. to persuaded B. persuading C. being persuaded D. be persuaded C 5. _ many times, the boy still didnt know how to do the exercises. A. Having taught B. Having been taught C. taught D. Teaching B 6. _ the whole story, Jane decided not to see the film. A. Having been told B. Having told C. Be
20、en told D. Telling AFillintheblanks:1._(turn)totheright,youwillfindtheplaceyouwant.2._(ask)toputonperformance,sherefused.3._(finish)hiswork,Henrywenthome.4._(learn)newwordsisuseful.TurningBeingaskedHavingfinishedLearning5.Hedisliked_(interrupt)inhisexperiment.6.Iapologizefor_(not,wait)foryou.7._(not
21、,receive)ananswer,Iwrotetohimagain.8._(give)suchagoodchance,youshouldcatchit.beinginterruptednothavingwaitedNothavingreceivedHavingbeengiven9.Ididntmind_(leave)athome.10.Thehousewants_(clean).11.Hecameinwithout_(ask).12._(show)aroundthelibrary,weweretakentoseethelab.beingleftcleaningbeingaskedHaving
22、beenshown巩固练习： 1. I can hardly imagine Peter _ across the Atlantic Ocean in five days. A. sail B. to sail C. sailing D. to have sailedC 2. The light in the office is still on. Oh, I forgot_ A. turning it off B. turn it off C. to turn it off D. having turned it offC 3. I would appreciate _ back this
23、afternoon. A. you to call B. you call C. your calling D. youre calling C 4. How about the two of us _ a walk down the garden? A. To take B. take C. taking D. to be takingC 5. I must apologize for _ ahead of time. That all right. A. letting you not know B. not letting you know C. letting you know not
24、 D. letting not you know B 6. You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting. Well, now I regret _ that. A. to do B. to be doing C. to have done D. having doneD 7. He has always insisted on his _ Dr Turner instead of Mr Turner. A. been called B. called C. having called D. being calledD8. D
25、o you mind _ alone at home? A. Jane leaving B. Jane having left C. Janes being left D. Jane to be leftC 9. She looks forward every spring to _ the flower-lined garden. A. visit B. paying a visit C. walk in D. walking inD 10. Once your business becomes international, _ constantly will be part of your
26、 life. A. you fly B. your flight C. flight D. flyingD 12. What do you think made Mary so upset? _ her new bicycle. A. As she lost B. Lost C. Losing D. Because of losingC 13. Let me tell you something about the journalists. Dont you remember _the story yesterday? A. told B. telling C. to tell D. to h
27、ave toldB14. One learns a language by making mistakes and _them. A. correct B. Correcting C. corrects D. to correctB 15. Fishing is his favorite hobby, and _. A. hed like to collect coin as well B. he feels like collecting coins, too C. to collect coins is also his hobby D. collecting coins also giv
28、es him great pleasureD巩固练习: : 16. The secretary worked late into the night, _ a long speech for the president. A. to prepare B. preparing C. prepared D. was preparingB 17. _ your homework, you mustnt listen to music. A. When do B. When to do C. When doing D. When you doingC 18. The visiting minister
29、 expressed his satisfaction with the talks, _that he had enjoyed his stay here. A. having added B. to add C. adding D. addedC 19. _ the idiom, he looked it up in the dictionary. A. Not learning B. Never having learned C. Having not learned D. Having never learnedB 20. It rained heavily, _ severe flo
30、oding in the country. A. causing B. to cause C. caused D. having caused 21. Any driver _ a license ought to be punished. A. doesnt have B. having not C. has not D. not havingAD22. The missing boys were last seen _ playing on the playground. A. playing B. to be playing C. play D. to play A23. _ to put on a performance, Miss Green couldnt refuse very well. A. Being asked B. Asked C. Ask D. To be asked A
