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1、Using language and reading in workbook汉语方言分布图汉语方言分布图There is no such thing as “standard English”. What people usually mean by this is grammatical English. However, there are many variants of what is considered standard or grammatical ways of saying things. These variants are called dialects. All cou
2、ntries have dialects and because the USA is so large it has many too. Lead instandard 标准标准, 规格规格dialect 方言方言southern 南部的南部的midwestern 中西部的中西部的Spanish 西班牙的西班牙的 New words play a part 扮演一个角色扮演一个角色 eastern 东部的东部的 northwestern 西北方的西北方的 recognize 辨认出辨认出, 认出认出1. Why are there so many dialects in the US? Be
3、cause people have come from all over the world. Geography also plays a part in making dialects. Its believed to be the English spoken on TV and the radio.2. Whats the standard English?Read the passage and answer the questions.3. Can you tell an interesting or funny story that shows great difference
4、between dialects in Chinese/English?Example: keys or kiss One friend of mine was giving an English lesson to a class of adults who had recently come to live in the United States. After placing quite a number of everyday objects on a table he asked various members of the class to give him the ruler,
5、the book, the penand so on. The class went very smoothly, and the students seemed interested and serious about the work that they were engaged in until my friend turned to an Italian and said, “Give me the keys.” The man looked surprised and somewhat at a loss (有点手足无措有点手足无措). Seeing this, my friend
6、thought thatthe student hadnt heard him clearly, so he repeated, “Give me the keys.” The Italian shrugged(耸肩耸肩) his shoulders. Then, he threw his arms around the teachers neck and kissed him on both cheeks.In China, there are so many local dialects although the government encourage the whole nation
7、to speak putonghua, which regarded as “standard” Chinese. However, local people also speak their own dialects. Discussion Work in pairs. Discuss any Chinese dialects you know of or can speak.1. What is standard English? 什么是标准英语什么是标准英语? standard (n.)标准标准, 规格规格 (adj.) 标准的标准的 meet standard 符合标准符合标准 sta
8、ndard of living 生活水平生活水平 on a standard 根据某一标准根据某一标准Language pointsThe mountains are not high _ world standard. A. by B. at C. to D. on2. Believe it or not, theres no such a thing as standard English. 信不信由你信不信由你,世界上没有所谓的标准世界上没有所谓的标准 英语英语。 believe it or not 信不信由你信不信由你 Believe it or not, all the people
9、 present have agreed to the plan.3. This is because in the early days of radio, those who reported the news were expected to speak excellent English. 这是因为在早期的电台节目里，人们这是因为在早期的电台节目里，人们期望新闻播音员讲极好的英语。期望新闻播音员讲极好的英语。这是一个主从复合句。主句是这是一个主从复合句。主句是This is, 从句是由从句是由because引导的表语从句引导的表语从句: those were expected to s
10、peak excellent English. 在表语从句中又含有一个由在表语从句中又含有一个由who引导的定语从句，修饰表语从句引导的定语从句，修饰表语从句的主语的主语those。 当一个句子的主语为当一个句子的主语为this, that或或it时，时， 可以用可以用because引导表语从句。如：引导表语从句。如：That is because he doesnt like coffee. 那是因为他不喜欢咖啡。那是因为他不喜欢咖啡。It may be because the exam was too difficult. 那或许是因为考试太难了。那或许是因为考试太难了。4. Howeve
11、r, on TV and the radio you will hear differences in the way people speak. 然而然而, 甚至在电视上或收音机里都会甚至在电视上或收音机里都会听到人们在说话时的差异。听到人们在说话时的差异。 the way后面接定语从句时后面接定语从句时, 关系代词关系代词用用that/in which或不用关系代词。或不用关系代词。 I did it in the way that/in which you taught me.I dont like _ you speak to her.A. the wayB. the way in t
12、hatC. the way whichD. the way of which5. America English has many dialects, especially the Midwestern, southern, African American and Spanish dialects. 美国英语有很多方言美国英语有很多方言, 尤其是在中尤其是在中西部西部, 南部南部, 黑人和西班牙方言。黑人和西班牙方言。 especially 尤其尤其, 表达事物不寻常或表达事物不寻常或 特别重要特别重要 specially 专门专门(指专为某一目的指专为某一目的)Our garden is
13、beautiful, especially in autumn.I came here specially to see you. African adj. 非洲的非洲的In the new African countries the governments are trying to provide education for adults.n. 非洲人非洲人 Fish is a staple in the diet of many Africans.Spanish adj. 西班牙的西班牙的 a Spanish dancen.西班牙语西班牙语 Do you speak Spanish?6.
14、 Geography also plays a part in making dialects. 地理位置对方言的产生也有影响。地理位置对方言的产生也有影响。 play a part in的意思是：起重要作用；的意思是：起重要作用； 扮演角色。扮演角色。 He has played an important part in saving the girl. He was invited to play a part in this TV play.拓展：拓展：play a role in与与play a part in的意思相同，常可以互换。表的意思相同，常可以互换。表示示“扮演角色扮演角色”
15、还可以用还可以用act, act a / the role of等。如：等。如：Who is acting Hamlet?She is acting the role of Juliet.即学即练即学即练 根据括号内的提示，用根据括号内的提示，用play a part in的适当形式完成句子。的适当形式完成句子。1. My friend Jim is looking forward to _（扮演角色的（扮演角色的机会）机会）this series.2. A good diet _ _ （在帮助人们长寿方（在帮助人们长寿方面起着非常大的作用）面起着非常大的作用）. plays a large
16、part in helping people live longer a chance to play a part in7. Although many America move a lot, they still recognize each others dialects. 虽然许多美国人经常搬家虽然许多美国人经常搬家, 但他们但他们 仍然能够辨认彼此的方言。仍然能够辨认彼此的方言。 recognize意为：意为： 认出，承认，认可认出，承认，认可 ，常构成短语常构成短语recognize . as / to be .，表，表示：示： 把把看做看做 ； recognize sb. by
17、sth. 表示：表示： 从从/根据某物认出某人。根据某物认出某人。1. I hadnt seen her for 20 years, but I recognized her as soon as she came into the room.2. The government refused to recognize the new school.3. He is recognized to be / as their natural leader.4. I recognized her by her red hair.Activity 1 不同学生用家乡方言说出不同学生用家乡方言说出同一句
18、话，体会不同地区的方言；同一句话，体会不同地区的方言；Activity 2 学生说出他们知道或者听学生说出他们知道或者听过的方言；过的方言；Activity 3 学生讨论以下问题：学生讨论以下问题：Why does the government encourage us to speak Putonghua? Group activity The Oxford English DictionaryReading task on P51How it began 1857: The Philological Society of London calls for a new English Dic
19、tionaryMore work than they thought1884: Five years into a proposed ten-year projectThe Oxford English Dictionary 的历史的历史 One step at a time1884-1928: The Dictionary is published in fasciclesKeeping it current1933-1986: Supplements to the OEDMaking it modern1980s: The Supplements are integrated with t
20、he OED to produce its Second EditionInto the electronic age1992: The first CD-ROM version of the OED is publishedThe future has begunThe present: The OED is now being fully revised, with new material published in parts onlineDo you know who is the writer of The Oxford English Dictionary?James Murray
21、, Samuel Johnson,and Noah Webster.Samuel Johnson (1709-84) Noah Webster James A. H. Murray hard working, intelligent, determined, etc Note on James Murrays lifeCountryEducationJobScotlandNo formal education,taught himself while workingWorked in a bank before beginning to compile the OEDMake notes ab
22、out Murrays life according to the passage.Note on James Murrays lifeMost important taskcompiling the first edition of the OEDIts difficulties:1 worded in a shed in his garden and behind his house2 very cold as it was one metre undergroundNote on James Murrays lifeMost important task3 no heating; he
23、had to wear a coat and put his feet in a box to keep warm4 no electric light; he worked at night with candlesNote on James Murrays lifeMost important taskQualities needed:1 commitment2 perseverance3 accuracyWho worked on theitDate of completionOther informationAt first just James Murray; later his t
24、wo daughters; finished by others editors after his death 1928First edition took forty-four years to compileI. 根据句意及所给单词的首字母或汉语提示，根据句意及所给单词的首字母或汉语提示，写出该单词的正确形式。写出该单词的正确形式。1. His work does not reach the _ (标准标准).2. Do you speak Sichuan _ (方言方言)? 3. Ive been studying _ (西班牙语西班牙语) for three months. stan
25、darddialectSpanish 4. Though he is young, he can speak e_ English.5. L_ always comes before thunder.6. We cant get there by bus, so we have to use the s_.excellentLightningsubwayII. 请用下列词组的适当形式填空。请用下列词组的适当形式填空。 believe it or not; be expected to; by underground; pay attention to; play an important pa
26、rt; in the way1. Some people dont like to go to work _. 2. The headmaster _ in the good running of a school. by undergroundplays an important part3. _, he is really a foreigner.4. You will _ work on Saturdays.5. Please _ the difference between the two words.pay attention toBelieve it or notbe expect
27、ed to根据括号内的提示翻译下列句子。根据括号内的提示翻译下列句子。1. 我承认自己犯了一个错误（我承认自己犯了一个错误（recognize）2. 你在童年时读过的书对你以后的职业选你在童年时读过的书对你以后的职业选 择会产生一定的影响。（择会产生一定的影响。（play a part in）I recognized that I had made a mistake.The books you read as a child can play a part in the job you have later in life.3. 我给他们送去鲜花表示感谢。我给他们送去鲜花表示感谢。（expr
28、ession）4. 他直接到朋友那儿请求帮助。他直接到朋友那儿请求帮助。 （straight）I sent them fresh flowers as an expression of thanks. He went straight to his friend to ask for help. 1. Review the words and language points we have learnt in this unit.2. Translation(1)他们已经请求国际援助。他们已经请求国际援助。(2)带着有礼貌的微笑带着有礼貌的微笑, 她走了出去。她走了出去。(3)他出去工作了半年
29、他出去工作了半年, 因为有病没能结束因为有病没能结束 工作就回来了。工作就回来了。(4)他喜欢发号施令他喜欢发号施令, 但没有人愿意听他的。但没有人愿意听他的。HomeworkStandard English and Dialects ? ?How many dialects are there in China?Dialects family in China 北方方言北方方言吴语吴语闽南语闽南语客家话客家话湘语湘语赣语赣语粤语粤语ChineseDialects in Guangdong province粤粤粤粤方方方方言言言言客方言客方言客方言客方言闽方言闽方言闽方言闽方言代表地区代表地区
30、代表地区代表地区梅州梅州梅州梅州代表地区代表地区代表地区代表地区广州广州广州广州代表地区代表地区代表地区代表地区潮汕地区潮汕地区潮汕地区潮汕地区Warming up II ( 2m )Do you think there are some dialects in English?English English dialects in dialects in different different countriescountriesBritainBritainThe U.S.AThe U.S.ACanadaCanadaAustraliaAustraliaIndiaIndiaNew Zealan
31、dNew ZealandFast reading:What is a dialect?Detailed Reading 1.How many dialects of American English have been listed in the text? ( Para 2)2.Why do people from both Northwestern and Southeastern of U.S. speak with almost the same dialect? (Para 3)3.Why are there so many dialects in American English?
32、(Para 2 & 3)1.How many dialects of American English have been listed in the text? The midwestern, southern, African American, and Spanish dialects.2.Why do people from both Northwestern and Southeastern of U.S. speak with almost the same dialect? Because when Americans moved from one place to anothe
33、r, they took their dialects with them.3.Why are there so many dialect in American English? Thats because people come from all over the world. And geography plays a part in making dialects.Words about direction southeast, northeast, southwest, northwest, south, north, east, west southern, northern, w
34、estern, eastern, northeastern, southeastern, southwestern, northwestern1. standard(1) adj 标准的，第一流的标准的，第一流的 a car of standard size a standard writer (2) n.标准、水准、规范标准、水准、规范 We should try to raise the standard of living.提高生活水准提高生活水准 Language points for Reading IILanguage points for Reading II2. Believe
35、 it or not, theres no such thing as standard English. 信不信由你信不信由你,世界上没有所谓的标准英语世界上没有所谓的标准英语。believe it or not: 相当于一个副词，通常用于口语，意为相当于一个副词，通常用于口语，意为“信不信不信由你，我说的是真的信由你，我说的是真的”。 Believe it or not, she cheated in the exam. no such thing as 没有没有这回事这回事suchas: 象象一样的一样的; 诸如诸如之类的之类的Such students as you should ha
36、ve a bright future.I dont like such a person as Mary. 3.expect : Vt. 期望，预料，认为，预期期望，预料，认为，预期usage: expect sb to do sth指望预料某人做某事指望预料某人做某事 Sb be expected to do sth expect +that-clause认为预想认为预想 expect sb/sth 期待着某人或某事物的到来期待着某人或某事物的到来 expect to do sth 指望希望做某事指望希望做某事I expect so. 我想是这样。我想是这样。I expect not. I
37、dont expect so.我想不是这样。我想不是这样。expect & wait forexpect 主要指心理状态主要指心理状态（a state of mind），），含有期盼的意味。含有期盼的意味。wait for 则指一种行动则指一种行动（a sort of activity），特别指什么都不干而专，特别指什么都不干而专门等待。门等待。4. play a part in 1参加某活动参加某活动. .She plays an active part in local politics(当地政治当地政治).2. 对某事有影响对某事有影响, 对某事起作用对某事起作用She played a
38、n important part in the success of the plan.Geography also plays a part in making dialects. 地理位置对方言的产生也有影响地理位置对方言的产生也有影响.5. recognize (猜词义)I recognized my old friend at once.They recognized him to be a great leader.We recognized that we had to overcome a lot of difficulties.You can recognize a tiger by its strips(条纹).Vt. 辨认出来，承认，公认辨认出来，承认，公认phrases: recognize ones voice recognize sb to be be recognized to be被承认为被承认为 recognize that注意注意：recognize是一个终止性动词。是指原来是一个终止性动词。是指原来很熟悉，经过一段时间的间隔或别的原因后很熟悉，经过一段时间的间隔或别的原因后又重新认出来。又重新认出来。
