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1、CloningUnit 2Section Warming up; Prereading, Reading & ComprehendingUnit 2课堂要点探究课堂要点探究 2课堂达标验收课堂达标验收3课前新知预习课前新知预习1课课 时时 作作 业业4课前新知预习课前新知预习词汇过关1音意记忆(1)_(vt)着手；从事；承担(2)_(n)突破(3)_(n)程序；步骤；手续(4)_(adv)总共；完全地(5)_(vt)获得；赢得undertakebreakthroughprocedurealtogetherobtain2形意记忆(1)differ(vi)不同；相异_(adj)不同的；相异的_(n
2、)差异(2)object(vi)反对；不赞成_(n)不赞成；反对；异议(3)medium(n)媒介；手段；工具_(复数)differentdifferenceobjectionmedia(4)forbid(vt)禁止；不准；阻止；妨碍过去式_过去分词_(5)accumulate(vt& vi)积累；聚积_(n)积累 forbade/forbad forbiddenaccumulation短语自查1pay_得到好结果；取得成功；偿清2cast_使失望；使沮丧3object_反对；不赞成4in_of赞成；支持5be ready_为做好准备6_the one hand一方面7be_to对适宜8hav
3、e a great impact_对有很大影响9_ones own属于某人自己的10provide._.为提供 offdowntofavourforonappropriateonoffor 经典句式1Then came the disturbing news _接着传来了多莉病重的坏消息。2Altogether Dolly lived six and half years，_多莉总共只存活了六年半，这是它的原形羊寿命的一半。3Cloning plants is straightforward _ cloning animals is very complicated克隆植物简单、直接而克隆动物
4、都是很复杂的。答案：1that Dolly had become seriously ill2half the length of the life of the original sheep3while语篇理解Choose the best answers according to the text CLONING：WHERE IS IT LEADING US？1Which of the following statements about cloning is NOT true according to the text？ACloning is something that has bee
5、n developed quite recentlyBTwins that look exactly the same are originally from the same eggCCloning is used by gardeners to make more moneyDAnimal cloning is much more difficult than plant cloning2 The cloning of Dolly the sheep succeeded because _Aits easier to clone a sheep than other animalsBthe
6、 scientists were determined and worked hard with patienceCthe scientists were rewarded and got lots of moneyDmany other attempts to clone mammals failed3What happened to Dolly the sheep？AShe is living healthilyBDolly became ill and died at lastCDollys child also died at the age of sixDAll the scient
7、ists were not sad about her death4From the passage，we can see_ADollys original sheep lived 12 yearsBDollys baby was also a cloned oneCnewspapers did not disclose cloning sheepDofficials became nervous about cloning答案：14ABBD课堂要点探究课堂要点探究1differ vi不同；相异；持不同看法Our views on the subject differ我们对这个问题见解不同。H
8、er method doesnt differ much from mine她的方法跟我的没有很大不同。They differ with each other on moral standards关于道德标准，他们的见解不同。知识拓展different adj不同的；各种的differently adv不同地difference n不同(之处)；差别differ from不同于differ in.在上不同；对持不同的看法differ with/from sbon/about sth在某事上和某人意见不一致be different from与不同tell the difference betwe
9、en A and B说出A与B的区别make a difference有作用；有影响活学活用(1)用适当的介词填空Human facial expressions differ_those of animals in the degree to which the can be controlled_purposeThe husband differs_the wife_who is to take charge of the money答案：from；onwith；on/about(2)补全句子In our daily life，everyone fails every now and th
10、enIt is how you react that _ _ _(有影响)答案：makes a difference句意：在日常生活中，每个人都会时不时地失败，但你如何做出反应却有很大影响。make a difference是固定词组，意为“有关系，有作用，有影响”。2benefit(1)n益处，好处gain/get benefits from.从中受益be of (great) benefit to.对有(很大的)益处for the benefit of.为了的利益to ones benefit 对有利People in this area gain many benefits from i
11、ncreasing agricultural production这个地区的人们从增加农业生产中受益颇多。Such a system will be of great benefit to society这一制度将会对社会有很大益处。(2)vt& vi有益于；受益benefit sb/sth有益于某人/某物benefit from/by.从中受益The sea air will benefit you海洋空气对你有益。The local farmers benefit greatly from the medical reform当地的农民们从医疗改革中大大受益。知识拓展beneficial
12、adj有利的；有益的；有助的be beneficial to 对有益be of benefit toSuch a system will be beneficial to society这一制度将会对社会有益处。活学活用(1)完成句子She_ _ _ _ _(从阅读中获益良多)He held a concert to raise money_ _ _ _ _ _ _(为了贫穷儿童)It will be_ _ _ _ _ _(早到将会对你有利)Doing exercises will be_ _your health(锻炼有益于健康)答案：gained/got many benefits fro
13、m readingfor the benefit of the poor childrento your benefit to arrive earlybeneficial to(2)选词填空(benefit/beneficial)That experience was of great _ to you答案：benefit句意：那次经历对你很有益处。“be of名词”结构中，只有benefit符合。3undertake vt(undertook；undertaken)着手；从事；承担；许诺The lawyer undertook the case without a fee这位律师免费承办那
14、个案子。She undertook the organization of the whole scheme她负责整个计划的组织工作。He undertook to be here at ten oclock他答应十点钟到这儿来。知识拓展undertake a task 承担任务undertake an attack 发动进攻undertake to do sth答应做某事undertake for.为负责undertaking n任务；事业；企业活学活用(1)补全句子He_ _ _(答应归还)my computer in a weekThe company has announced tha
15、t it will_ _ _ _ _ _ _(对这次事故进行全面调查)答 案 ： undertook to return undertake a full investigation into the accident(2)用恰当形式填空Chian is the only nuclear state_(undertake)not to be the first to use nuclear weapons答案：to undertake句意：中国是唯一承诺不首先使用核武器的核国家。当名词被序数词或only等词修饰时，其后用不定式作定语。4breakthrough n突破An important
16、breakthrough in peacetalking has been achieved和平谈判已经取得重大突破。知识拓展make a breakthrough 取得进展break through 突破；突围Doctors have made a great breakthrough in the treatment of lung diseases医生们在肺病治疗方面取得了重大突破。由动词短语转化而来的合成词还有很多，例如：break out发生outbreak n爆发；发作break down损坏breakdown n故障put out生产；输出 output n产量；输出burst
17、out迸发outburst n喷出；突发come out出现；结果是outcome n结果；后果活学活用补全句子新疫苗的发现是抵抗禽流感的重要突破。The discovery of the new vaccine is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ bird flu答案：an important breakthrough in the fight against5altogether adv总共(表示总数或总额，多修饰数词)；完全地，全部地(相当于completely)；总而言之(常作插入语)How much do the goods cost altogether？这些货物一共花费多少钱？Th
18、e train went slower and slower until it stopped altogether火车越来越慢，最后完全停了。Li Ping works hard；she always helps othersAltogether，she is a good girl李萍工作努力，总是帮助别人。总之，她是个好女孩。活学活用(1)写出下列句中altogether的含义The food was good and we loved the musicAltogether it was a great evening()Altogether，about 50 NATO aircraf
19、t took part in the attack()I dont altogether agree with you()答案：总之总共完全地(2)用恰当词语填空The hotel was nice；the weather was warm；the beaches were beautiful_，Id say it was a great trip答案：Altogether句意：旅馆很不错，天气很暖和，海滩很漂亮。总之(altogether)，我得说这是一次很棒的旅行。6objection n不赞成；反对；极不愿意；抗议Nobody offered any objection没有人提出反对意见
20、。Id like to come too，if youve no objection你要不反对的话，我也愿意来。I feel a strong objection to getting up early我极不愿意早起。知识拓展(1)raise/voice an objection to.对提出异议There is no objection to .没有什么不可以的have no objection to (doing) sth不反对(做)(2)object v不赞成；反对；抗议object to (doing) sth反对、抗议(做)某事(3)objective adj如实的，客观的，无偏见的
21、比较网站object，opposeobject表示“反对”，为不及物动词，接宾语时需加介词tooppose表示“反对”，为及物动词，接宾语时不需加介词to。be opposed to.表示“反对”，“和相反”活学活用(1)句型转换Most countries in eastern Europe object to that in principleMost countries in eastern Europe_ _ _ _that in principle答案：have an objection to(2)单句改错They objected to go there by bus becaus
22、e it would take a long time_答案：gogoing7forbid vt禁止；不准His parents forbade him to watch TV at night他的父母不允许他晚上看电视。The new law forbids smoking in offices新法律禁止在办公室抽烟。名师点津forbid 后面不能直接跟动词不定式作宾语，而是跟动名词作宾语，但可以用forbid sbto do sth。活学活用(1)补全句子她的父亲禁止他们结婚。Her father forbade_ _Her father forbade_ _ _They were_ _
23、_by her father答案：their marriagethem to marryforbidden to marry(2)用恰当形式填空Smoking is harmful to health It should _(forbid)in public places答案：be forbidden句意：吸烟有害健康，公共场所应该禁止吸烟。此处应用被动语态，故填be forbidden。He was forbidden_(leave)to leave the house as a punishment答案：to leave句意：作为惩罚，他被禁止离开那座房子。forbid sb to do
24、sth“禁止某人去做某事”，此处为该短语的被动形式，故填to leave。8(1)obtain vt获得；赢得obtain sth(for sb)取得某物；(经买、借、拿等)获得，得到某物I obtained this record for you with difficulty我好不容易为你弄到了这张唱片。She obtained her doctors degree in 2010她2010年获得了博士学位。The books can be obtained from the library这些书可以在图书馆里借到。(2)attain vt获得；到达(水平、年龄、状况等)He attain
25、ed his ambition at last他终于实现了她的抱负。On attaining 20，she will apply for the job一到20岁她就要申请这份工作。比较网站attain常指经过不懈努力获得未曾预料的结果；也可指达到某一目标。obtain一般用于正式文体中。指经过较长时间的努力或奋斗获得所需之物，强调愿望得到满足。achieve多指取得成就、目标、幸福。earn表示经过艰苦努力而得到报酬，或得到了理应享有的某种待遇，其宾语多为金钱、荣誉等。gain指通过斗争、竞争或付出劳动而获得某种优势或达到某种目的。其宾语通常是经验、优势、利益、好处等。get最常用，可指主动
26、去“获得，得到”，也可能是被迫“接受”，有时指不一定需要主动或付出很大努力就能得到。win多指在竞赛中“获得，赢得”，有时也用于指在战争中“获得”胜利，宾语通常是比赛、战斗、战争等。acquire指通过努力、能力、行为表现等“获得，得到”，其宾语多为知识、技术、能力等。活学活用(1)选词填空(obtain/attain)Five years later，she_her ambition of becoming a pilot五年后，她实现了她当飞行员的梦想。Further information can be_from our head office更详细的信息可从我们的总部获得。答案：att
27、ainedobtained(2)补全句子每个人都有权利去获得美丽、健康和成功。Everyone _ _ _ _ _beauty，health and success答案：has the power to attain1pay off得到好结果；取得成功Did your plan pay off？你的计划成功了吗？Her hard work finally paid offshe came first in the English contest她的努力最终得到了回报英语竞赛中她得了第一名。付清；偿清We paid off our debt after fifteen years我们历经15年时
28、间终于还清了债务。解雇；遣散The crew were paid off as soon as the ship docked船一泊港，船员就被解雇了。知识拓展pay sthoff 全部偿还；偿清pay sboff 付清某人工资并解雇pay for 买；为付款；为付出代价pay back 还钱；偿还；报复pay money for sth付钱买pay out 付出大笔款项；放松pay up 付清欠款活学活用补全句子(1)(真题改编江苏)Dad，I dont think Oliver the right sort of person for the jobI seeIll go right aw
29、ay and _ _ _ (付账走人)答案：pay him off考查动词短语词义辨析。句意： 爸爸，我认为奥利弗不是做这项工作的适当人选。我明白。我这就去结账让他走人。pay sboff付清工资后解雇(某)人，符合题意。(2)Ling Feng won the first prize in the national English competition and Im glad that her efforts at last _ _ (成功)答案：paid off2cast down 沮丧；不愉快Anybody would be cast down at such bad news这样的坏
30、消息谁听了都会感到沮丧。He was much cast down by his failure to find work他找不到工作十分泄气。He was cast down by the result of the experiment他被实验的结果搞得很沮丧。知识拓展cast aside把丢在一旁；抛弃；消除cast away放弃；(船难时)丢下人cast off抛弃；脱掉；解缆起航cast out 驱逐；赶走cast about/around for考虑；计划；寻找If you were cast away on a desert island，what would you miss
31、most？如果你因沉船而被丢在荒岛上，你最想念什么？You really must cast off all these bad habits你确实应该抛弃这些坏习惯。注意：cast的过去式和过去分词都是cast；cast down通常用被动语态。活学活用完成句子(1)我们因船只失事而漂流到了一个孤岛上，没有食物也没有水。We were_ _on an island without food or water答案：cast away(2)Dont be so_ _(不要这么沮丧)I believe you will pay off sooner or later答案：cast down(3)S
32、ince he heard of his failure at the examination，Tom has been very _ _(沮丧)答案：cast down句意：汤姆自从听说考试不及格后，一直垂头丧气。be cast down (by sth) 表示“(因某事)沮丧，不愉快”。3have/make an impact on.对有影响impact C，usually sing &U(of sth)(on sb/sth)巨大影响；强大作用The move is not expected to make an impact on the companys employees预计这一行动
33、对公司职员不会产生什么巨大的影响。Our regional measures have had a significant impact on unemployment我们地区的措施对失业有重大影响。知识拓展achieve/make an impact on 对造成影响have an effect on 对有影响make a difference to 对有影响活学活用补全句子你所做的每一个小决定都会对你将来的生活产生巨大的影响。Every small decision you make will _ _ _ _ _your life in the years to come答案：have a
34、 big impact/effect/influence on4in favour of 赞同；支持；赞成Im all in favour of equal pay for equal work我完全支持同工同酬。I talked to Susan about it，and shes all in favour of going我与苏珊谈了这件事，她完全赞同走。知识拓展in sbs favour对某人有利do sba favour do a favour for sb给某人帮忙owe sba favour欠某人情ask sbfor a favourask a favour of sb向某人求助
35、Could you do me a favour and tell Kelly I cant make it？你帮个忙告诉凯莉说我来不了了好吗？巧学助记“in名词of”短语：in need of需要in praise of 为了赞扬in search of 寻找in charge of 负责in place of 代替in memory of 为了纪念in case of 万一；如果in terms of 就而言in respect of 关于；作为的报酬in honour of 为了纪念，为向表示敬意in the form of 以的形式活学活用(1)用favour的相关短语填空We are
36、 all_ _ _(赞同)this planThe exchange rate is_ _ _(对我们有利)at the momentCould you_ _ _ _(帮我个忙)and pick up Sam from school？答案：in favor ofin our favordo me a favor(2)补全句子Laws will have to be made to ensure that cloning researches develop further _ _ _(支持)mankind答案：in favour of1It happens in plants when gar
37、deners take cuttings from growing plants to make new ones当园艺师从生长着的植物上剪下枝条来培植新植物，就会产生这种现象。(1)句中when引导时间状语从句，在时间状语从句中，不定式短语to make new ones作目的状语。He went to the market to buy some vegetables他去市场买一些蔬菜。It was unbelievable that the fans waited outside the gym for three hours just to have a look at the spo
38、rts stars真令人难以置信，那些粉丝们在体育馆外等了三个小时仅仅是为了看看那些体育明星。注意：不定式作目的状语时其逻辑主语应为句子主语，此时应注意人称一致。为了及时赶到那里，他把车开得很快。【误】To get there in time，his car was driven by him very fast【正】To get there in time，he drove his car very fast【析】“为了及时赶到那里”的逻辑主语应为人而不是车。(2)ones在此用于代替前面的名词plants。ones可用于代替复数可数名词，表示一个泛指概念。Give me some appl
39、esI want big ones给我一些苹果。我要大的。比较网站one(ones)，the one(the ones)与that(those)，it(1)one用来替代前面出现的单数名词，是泛指概念，相当于a/an单数名词；其复数形式是ones。(2)the one用来替代前面特指的单数名词，有时可用that替代(尤其在有后置定语的情况下)；其复数形式是the ones。(3)that用来替代前面出现的单数可数名词或不可数名词，表示特指，相当于the单数/不可数名词；和前面提到的事物是同一类，但不是同一个；其复数形式是those。(4)it用于代替前面提到的单数名词，和前面提到的是同一事物。
40、My uncle gave me a very valuable present，one(a present) that I had never seen我叔叔给了我一件贵重的礼物，一件我从没见过的礼物。This bike is more expensive than the one in the corner这辆自行车要比在拐角的那辆贵得多。The area of Shanghai is larger than that of Suzhou上海的面积比苏州的面积大。Equipped with modern facilities，todays hospitals are quite diffe
41、rent from those (the hospitals) of the past配备了现代化的设备，现在的医院与过去的医院有很大不同。I bought a new dictionary yesterday，and it (the dictionary) is very useful昨天我买了一本新词典，它非常有用。活学活用用恰当形式或词语填空(1)(2015真题改编北京)_(catch)the early flight，we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early答案：To catch句意：为了赶上早班的飞机，我们提前叫了出租车并且
42、起得很早。这里逻辑主语是we，空中用不定式作目的状语，表示提前叫出租车并且早起的目的。故填to catch。(2)(真题改编辽宁)To her joy，Della earned first the trust of her students and then _ of her colleagues答案：that考查代词的用法。句意：让德拉高兴的是，她先是赢得了学生的信任，然后又赢得了同事的信任。that代指上文的不可数名词the trust。(3)I want to buy a present for my mother，_ that is not expensive but meaningf
43、ul答案：one句意：我想为我妈妈买一件礼物，一件不贵但又非常有意义的礼物。在此礼物是可数名词，且表泛指概念，故用one。2Firstly，gardeners use it all the time to produce commercial quantities of plants第一，园艺师一直用它生产大量的供商用的植物。本句是简单句，不定式短语to produce.作目的状语，quantities of是固定短语，意为“大量，许多”，其后可接可数名词和不可数名词。She has quantities of good clothes in her store她的商店里有许多好衣服。注意：“
44、quantities of名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；a large quantity of不管后面跟可数名词还是不可数名词，谓语动词都要用单数形式，比较：A large quantity of books has been offered to us大量书籍被提供给我们。Large quantities of money have been sent there大量资金被输送到那儿。Quantities of food were on the table桌上摆了大量食物。活学活用用恰当形式填空Why does the lake smell terrible？Because large
45、 quantities of water _(pollute)答案：have been polluted“large quantities of名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数，且water与pollute为动宾关系，再根据语意填have been polluted。3Cloning plants is straightforward while cloning animals is very complicated克隆植物简单，但克隆动物就非常复杂了。本句中while作并列连词，意为“然而，而”，表示对比关系。He likes pop music，while I am fond of coun
46、try music他喜欢流行音乐，而我喜欢乡村音乐。I like tea while she likes coffee我喜欢喝茶，而她喜欢喝咖啡。知识拓展while作从属连词，意为“当的时候”。Ill take care of your child while you are away你不在时，我会照顾你的孩子的。Please dont talk so loudly while others are working别人在工作时，别高声谈话。while作从属连词，意为“虽然，尽管”，表示让步关系。While I admit his good points，I can see his shortc
47、omings尽管我承认他的优点，但我还是能看到他的缺点。While I like the color of the hat，I do not like its shape虽然我喜欢这顶帽子的颜色，但我不喜欢它的形状。比较网站while，however，but这三个词都可以用来表示转折，while是从属连词，引导状语从句，表示对比转折；however是副词，放在句首、句中或句末，常用“，”与句子其他部分分开；but是并列连词，用来连接两个简单句，表示转折。Tom became an engineer while Jack remained a worker汤姆成了工程师，而杰克仍然是个工人。Id
48、 like to go with you； however，my hands are full我很想和你一块去，可是我忙不过来。He said he would come，but he didnt他说他会来，但是他没来。活学活用用恰当连词填空(1)(2015真题改编福建)_the students came from different countries，they got along quite well in the summer camp答案：While/Although/Though考查连词辨析。这里是一个while引导的让步状语从句。while尽管(引导让步状语从句)。结合句意：尽管
49、学生都来自不同的国家，他们在夏令营里面都相处得很好。故填while/although/though。(2)(真题改编重庆)Its not easy to change habits，_ with awareness and selfcontrol，it is possible答案：but本题考查连词。句意：改变习惯不容易，但是清醒、有自我控制力，这是可能的。but连接表示转折关系的并列句。由语境可知but正确。(3)_ I always felt I would pass the exam，I never thought I would get an A答案：While/Although/Th
50、ough考查状语从句。句意：虽然我一直认为我能通过考试，但我从没想过我会得A。4Then came the disturbing news that Dolly had become seriously ill接着传来了多莉病重的坏消息。(1)Then came the disturbing news.是一个倒装语序。表示时间或方式或方位的副词或介词短语，如：then，now，up，down，here，there，off，away，in，out，in the room，on the wall等位于句首且主语是名词时，句子用完全倒装语序；但若句子的主语是代词，则不倒装。Now comes the
51、 opportunity to prove your innocence现在证明你清白的机会来了。Out rushed the children孩子们冲了出去。There goes the bell铃响了。Here he comes他来了。Out he rushed他冲了出去。(2)本句中news和that Dolly had become seriously ill是同位语关系。一般情况下同位语从句跟在某些名词如fact，news，promise，reason，idea，belief，doubt，thought等的后面，用以说明该名词所表达的具体内容。We heard the news th
52、at our team had won我们听到我们球队获胜的消息了。I have no idea why he didnt attend the meeting yesterday我不知道他为什么没有参加昨天的会议。We must face the fact that we have run out of all the money我们必须面对我们已花完了钱这一事实。活学活用(1)用完全倒装句式完成下列句子The door opened and_(校长进来了)_(柜台后站着)a beautiful girl_(鸟飞走了)in all directions答案：in came the headm
53、aster Behind the counter stoodAway flew the birds(2)用恰当词语填空Nobody believed his reason for being absent from the class _ he had to meet his uncle at the airport答案：that考查同位语从句。句意：没有人相信他因为必须去机场接叔叔而不来上课这一理由。his reason后接同位语从句，由for being absent from the class隔开，从句是个完整的句子，故填that。5Although at present human
54、egg cells and embryos needed for cloning research are difficult to obtain，newspapers wrote of evil leaders hoping to clone themselves to attain their ambitions尽管目前供克隆研究的人类卵细胞和胚胎很难获得，报纸上也报道说，有些邪恶的领导者希望把自己克隆出来以实现他们的野心。(1)句子结结分析It is said that he is hard to get along with据说他很难相处。Do you think the water
55、is safe to drink？你认为这水喝起来安全吗？活学活用(1)用所给动词的适当形式填空I dont think maths is easy_(learn)well答案：to learn(2)Of all the feelings，bodily pain is the most difficult _(explain)答案：to explain考查非谓语动词。句意：在所有的感觉中，身体上的疼痛是最难解释的。在“be性质形容词不定式”结构中，应用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。常见的此类形容词有easy，hard，difficult，interesting，heavy，pleasant，c
56、omfortable，safe，dangerous，impossible等，该类形容词说明的是不定式的性质。课堂达标验收课堂达标验收单词拼写1I wonder if the literature can be put into_(简单的) Chinese2The discovery is nothing less than a_(突破)3By buying ten books every month，he soon_(积累) a good library4Id like to come，too，if you have no_(反对)5He has_(得到) the job he applied
57、 for6The two systems d_in many respects7He u_to come back in ten days8I have no idea of what is in fashion so my choice is quite a_9Old people are usually more c_than young people10He was f_to leave the house as a punishment答 案 ： 1 straightforward 2 breakthrough 3accumulated 4objection 5obtained 6di
58、ffer 7undertook8arbitrary9conservative10forbidden句型转换1Mary and Lucy look exactly like each otherMary and Lucy are_ _appearance2Most of the people in the company dont agree with her business planMost of the people in the company_ _her business plan3I will not allow you to go out on such a rainy dayI_
59、 _you to go out on such a rainy day4He was discouraged when hearing the bad newsHe was_ _when hearing the bad news答案：1identical in2object to3will forbid4cast down课文概述根据课文内容进行填空，每空限填一词。 Cloning is a way of making a(n) 1_ copy of another animal or plantCloning plants is 2_ while cloning animals is very complicated，which is very hard to 3_But the scientists made a(n) 4_ in 1996，with the successful cloning of DollyHowever，Dolly became seriously ill，which made the cloning scientists cast down5_，Dolly lived six and a half yearsSadly，the same 6_ fate affected other species
