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1、小马托福010-62699622托福阅读插空题解题技巧Stillwatersrundeep.流静水深流静水深,人静心深人静心深Wherethereislife,thereishope。有生命必有希望。有生命必有希望小马托福010-62699622两种技巧两种技巧1. 指代指代2. 逻辑关系逻辑关系400-0123-267资料下载频道小马托福010-62699622指示代词定义：插入句开头用一个指示代词代替出前文已经出现过的一些信息，从而达到简化语言的目的。做法：利用指代词后面的内容在找前文找指代词所指代的具体内容。400-0123-267资料下载频道小马托福010-62699622指示代词：t
2、hisExtinctbutalreadyfullymarinecetaceansareknownfromthefossilrecord.Howwasthegapbetweenawalkingmammalandaswimmingwhalebridged?Missinguntilrecentlywerefossilsclearlyintermediate,ortransitional,betweenlandmammalsandcetaceans.Veryexcitingdiscoverieshavefinallyallowedscientiststoreconstructthemostlikely
3、originsofcetaceans.In1979,ateamlookingforfossilsinnorthernPakistanfoundwhatprovedtobetheoldestfossilwhale.ThefossilwasofficiallynamedPakicetusinhonorofthecountrywherethediscoverywasmade.Pakicetuswasfoundembeddedinrocksformedfromriverdepositsthatwere52millionyearsold.Theriverthatformedthesedepositswa
4、sactuallynotfarfromanancientoceanknownastheTethysSea.Thisisaquestionthathaspuzzledscientistsforages.Thisisaquestionthathaspuzzledscientistsforages.400-0123-267资料下载频道小马托福010-62699622指示代词：thisParagraph7:Theraisingoflivestockisamajoreconomicactivityinsemiaridlands,wheregrassesaregenerallythedominanttyp
5、eofnaturalvegetation.Theconsequencesofanexcessivenumberoflivestockgrazinginanareaarethereductionofthevegetationcoverandthetramplingandpulverizationofthesoil.Thisisusuallyfollowedbythedryingofthesoilandacceleratederosion.Thiseconomicrelianceonlivestockincertainregionsmakeslargetractsoflandsusceptible
6、toovergrazing.400-0123-267资料下载频道小马托福010-62699622指示代词：thisParagraph3:Exhibitors,however,wantedtomaximizetheirprofits,whichtheycoulddomorereadilybyprojectingahandfuloffilmstohundredsofcustomersatatime(ratherthanoneatatime)andbycharging25to50centsadmission.AboutayearaftertheopeningofthefirstKinetoscope
7、parlorin1894,showmensuchasLouisandAugusteLumiere,ThomasArmatandCharlesFrancisJenkins,andOrvilleandWoodvilleLatham(withtheassistanceofEdisonsformerassistant,WilliamDickson)perfectedprojectiondevices.Theseearlyprojectiondeviceswereusedinvaudevilletheaters,legitimatetheaters,localtownhalls,makeshiftsto
8、refronttheaters,fairgrounds,andamusementparkstoshowfilmstoamassaudience.WhenthiswidespreaduseofprojectiontechnologybegantohurthisKinetoscopebusiness,EdisonacquiredaprojectordevelopedbyArmatandintroduceditas“Edisonslatestmarvel,theVitascope.400-0123-267资料下载频道小马托福010-62699622指示代词：theseParagraph5:Noton
9、lycouldSmithidentifyrockstratabythefossilstheycontained,hecouldalsoseeapatternemerging:certainfossilsalwaysappearinmoreancientsediments,whileothersbegintobeseenasthestratabecomemorerecent.Byfollowingthefossils,SmithwasabletoputallthestrataofEnglandsearthintorelativetemporalsequence.Aboutthesametime,
10、GeorgesCuviermadethesamediscoverywhilestudyingtherocksaroundParis.Soonitwasrealizedthatthisprincipleoffaunal(animal)successionwasvalidnotonlyinEnglandorFrancebutvirtuallyeverywhere.Itwasactuallyaprincipleoffloralsuccessionaswell,becauseplantsshowedthesametransformationthroughtimeasdidfauna.Limestone
11、maybefoundintheCambrianor300millionyearslaterintheJurassicstrata,butatrilobitetheubiquitousmarinearthropodthathaditsbirthintheCambrianwillneverbefoundinJurassicstrata,noradinosaurintheCambrian. The findings of these geologists inspired others to examine the rock and fossil records in different parts
12、 of the world400-0123-267资料下载频道小马托福010-62699622指示代词：theseParagraph6:Thediffusionofagricultureandlaterofironwasaccompaniedbyagreatmovementofpeoplewhomayhavecarriedtheseinnovations.ThesepeopleprobablyoriginatedineasternNigeria.Theirmigrationmayhavebeensetinmotionbyanincreaseinpopulationcausedbyamoveme
13、ntofpeoplesfleeingthedesiccation,ordryingup,oftheSahara.Theyspokealanguage,proto-Bantu(“Bantu”means“thepeople”),whichistheparenttongueofalanguageofalargenumberofBantulanguagesstillspokenthroughoutsub-SaharaAfrica.WhyandhowthesepeoplespreadoutintocentralandsouthernAfricaremainsamystery,butarchaeologi
14、stsbelievethattheirironweaponsallowedthemtoconquertheirhunting-gatheringopponents,whostillusedstoneimplements.Still,theprocessisuncertain,andpeacefulmigrationorsimplyrapiddemographicgrowthmayhavealsocausedtheBantuexplosion.These people had a significant linguistic impact on the continent as well.400
15、-0123-267资料下载频道小马托福010-62699622指示代词：theseParagraph2:OutflowchannelsareprobablyrelicsofcatastrophicfloodingonMarslongago.Theyappearonlyinequatorialregionsandgenerallydonotformextensiveinterconnectednetworks.Instead,theyareprobablythepathstakenbyhugevolumesofwaterdrainingfromthesouthernhighlandsintoth
16、enorthernplains.Theonrushingwaterarisingfromtheseflashfloodslikelyalsoformedtheoddteardrop-shaped“islands”(resemblingtheminiatureversionsseeninthewetsandofourbeachesatlowtide)thathavebeenfoundontheplainsclosetotheendsoftheoutflowchannels.Judgingfromthewidthanddepthofthechannels,theflowratesmusthaveb
17、eentrulyenormousperhapsasmuchasahundredtimesgreaterthanthe105tonspersecondcarriedbythegreatAmazonriver.Floodingshapedtheoutflowchannelsapproximately3billionyearsago,aboutthesametimesasthenorthernvolcanicplainsformed.These landscape features differ from runoff channels in a number of ways.400-0123-26
18、7资料下载频道小马托福010-62699622指示代词：thoseTPO30-R1TPO30-R1Thereisadanger,ofcourse,thatplaymaybemisinterpretedornotrecognizedasplaybyothers,potentiallyleadingtoaggression.Thisisespeciallytruewhenplayconsistsofpracticingnormalaggressiveorpredatorbehaviors.Thus,manyspecieshaveevolvedclearsignalstodelineateplayf
19、ulness.Dogs,forexample,willwagtheirtails,getdowntheirfrontlegs,andsticktheirbehindsintheairtoindicate“whatfollowsisjustforplay.”Withmessagessuchasthose,evendogsthatarestrangerstoWithmessagessuchasthose,evendogsthatarestrangerstoeachothercanbeplayingwithinafewminutes.eachothercanbeplayingwithinafewmi
20、nutes.400-0123-267资料下载频道小马托福010-62699622指代：itParagraph3:Oneinterpretationregardingtheabsenceoffossilsduringthisimportant100-million-yearperiodisthatearlyanimalsweresoftbodiedandsimplydidnotfossilize.Fossilizationofsoft-bodiedanimalsislesslikelythanfossilizationofhard-bodiedanimals,butitdoesoccur.Con
21、ditionsthatpromotefossilizationofsoft-bodiedanimalsincludeveryrapidcoveringbysedimentsthatcreateanenvironmentthatdiscouragesdecomposition.Infact,fossilbedscontainingsoft-bodiedanimalshavebeenknownformanyyears.Itisrelativelyrarebecausethefossilizationofsoft-bodiedanimalsrequiresaspecialenvironment.40
22、0-0123-267资料下载频道小马托福010-62699622指代：theyModernattitudestoRomancivilizationrangefromtheinfinitelyimpressedtothethoroughlydisgusted.Asalways,therearethepowerworshippers,especiallyamonghistorians,whoarepredisposedtoadmirewhateverisstrong,whofeelmoreattractedtothemightofRomethantothesubtletyofGreece.Atth
23、esametime,thereisasolidbodyofopinionthatdislikesRome.Formany,RomeisatbesttheimitatorandthecontinuatorofGreeceonalargerscale.Greekcivilizationhadquality;Rome,merequantity.Greecewasoriginal;Rome,derivative.Greecehadstyle;Romehadmoney.Greecewastheinventor;Rome,theresearchanddevelopmentdivision.Suchinde
24、edwastheopinionofsomeofthemoreintellectualRomans.“HadtheGreeksheldnoveltyinsuchdisdainaswe,”askedHoraceinhisepistle,“whatworkofancientdatewouldnowexist?”TheyesteemsymbolsofRomanpower,suchasthemassiveColosseum.TheyesteemsymbolsofRomanpower,suchasthemassiveColosseum.400-0123-267资料下载频道小马托福010-62699622指
25、代：theyTPO10.3Paragraph6:Thedevelopmentofbankingandotherfinancialservicescontributedtotheexpansionoftrade.Bythemiddleofthesixteenthcentury,financiersandtraderscommonlyacceptedbillsofexchangeinplaceofgoldorsilverforothergoods.Billsofexchange,whichhadtheiroriginsinmedievalItaly,werepromissorynotes(writ
26、tenpromisestopayaspecifiedamountofmoneybyacertaindate)thatcouldbesoldtothirdparties.Inthisway,theyprovidedcredit.Atmid-century,anAntwerpfinancieronlyslightlyexaggeratedwhenheclaimed,“0necannomoretradewithoutbillsofexchangethansailwithoutwater.Merchantsnolongerhadtocarrygoldandsilveroverlong,dangerou
27、sjourneys.AnAmsterdammerchantpurchasingsoapfromamerchantinMarseillecouldgotoanexchangerandpaytheexchangertheequivalentsuminguilders,theDutchcurrency.TheexchangerwouldthensendabillofexchangetoacolleagueinMarseille,authorizingthecolleaguetopaytheMarseillemerchantinthemerchantsowncurrencyaftertheactual
28、exchangeofgoodshadtakenplace.Theycouldalsoavoidhavingtoidentifyandassessthevalueofawidevarietyofcoinsissuedinmanydifferentplaces.400-0123-267资料下载频道小马托福010-62699622指代：otherWhatdoyourememberaboutyourlifebeforeyouwerethree?Fewpeoplecanrememberanythingthathappenedtothemintheirearlyyears.Adultsmemoriesof
29、thenextfewyearsalsotendtobescanty.Mostpeoplerememberonlyafeweventsusuallyonesthatweremeaningfulanddistinctive,suchasbeinghospitalizedorasiblingsbirth.OtherimportantoccasionsareschoolgraduationsandOtherimportantoccasionsareschoolgraduationsandweddings.weddings.400-0123-267资料下载频道小马托福010-62699622指代：oth
30、erParagraph2:SpeculationontheoriginofthesePacificislandersbeganassoonasoutsidersencounteredthem,intheabsenceofsolidlinguistic,archaeological,andbiologicaldata,manyfancifulandmutuallyexclusivetheoriesweredevised.PacificislandersarevariouslythoughttohavecomefromNorthAmerica,SouthAmerica,Egypt,Israel,a
31、ndIndia,aswellasSoutheastAsia.ManyoldertheoriesimplicitlydeprecatedthenavigationalabilitiesandoverallculturalcreativityofthePacificislanders.Forexample,BritishanthropologistsG.ElliotSmithandW.J.PerryassumedthatonlyEgyptianswouldhavebeenskilledenoughtonavigateandcolonizethePacific.Theyinferredthatthe
32、EgyptiansevencrossedthePacifictofoundthegreatcivilizationsoftheNewWorld(NorthandSouthAmerica).In1947NorwegianadventurerThorHeyerdahldriftedonabalsa-lograftwestwardwiththewindsandcurrentsacrossthePacificfromSouthAmericatoprovehistheorythatPacificislanderswereNativeAmericans(alsocalledAmericanIndians)
33、.Latertheoriesconcentrateonjourneysintheotherdirection.400-0123-267资料下载频道小马托福010-62699622指代：certainParagraph5:Scientistshaveknownforsometimethatcertainplants,calledhyperaccumulators,canconcentratemineralsatlevelsahundredfoldorgreaterthannormal.Asurveyofknownhyperaccumulatorsidentifiedthat75percentof
34、themamassednickel,cobalt,copper,zinc,manganese,lead,andcadmiumareothermineralsofchoice.Hyperaccumulatorsruntheentirerangeoftheplantworld.Theymaybeherbs,shrubs,ortrees.Manymembersofthemustardfamily,spurgefamily,legumefamily,andgrassfamilyaretophyperaccumulators.Manyarefoundintropicalandsubtropicalare
35、asoftheworld,whereaccumulationofhighconcentrationsofmetalsmayaffordsomeprotectionagainstplant-eatinginsectsandmicrobialpathogens.Certain minerals are more likely to be accumulated in large quantities than others.400-0123-267资料下载频道小马托福010-62699622指代：thereNearlyanykindofplantoftheforestunderstorycanbe
36、partofadeersdiet.Wheretheforestinhibitsthegrowthofgrassandothermeadowplants,theblack-taileddeerbrowsesonhuckleberry,salal,dogwood,andalmostanyothershruborherb.Butthisisfair-weatherfeeding.Whatkeepstheblack-taileddeeraliveintheharsherseasonsofplantdecayanddormancy?Onecompensationfornothibernatingisth
37、ebuilt-inurgetomigrate.Deermaymovefromhigh-elevationbrowseareasinsummerdowntothelowlandareasinlatefall.Evenwithsnowontheground,thehighbushyunderstoryisexposed;alsosnowandwindbringdownleafybranchesofcedar,hemlock,redalder,andotherarborealfodder.Paragraph3:Thenumbersofdeerhavefluctuatedmarkedlysinceth
38、eentryofEuropeansintoPugetSoundcountry.Theearlyexplorersandsettlerstoldofabundantdeerintheearly1800sandyetalmostinthesamebreathbemoanedthelackofthissucculentgameanimal.Therefoodisavailableandaccessiblethroughoutthewinter.Therefoodisavailableandaccessiblethroughoutthewinter.400-0123-267资料下载频道小马托福010-
39、62699622逻辑关系词因果转折让步递进并列条件总分（举例&总结）400-0123-267资料下载频道小马托福010-626996221.因果：因：because,becauseof,for,since,as,inthat,nowthat，resultfrom，asaresultof例句：nowthat既然Nowthattheproblemhasbeenidentified,appropriateactioncanbetaken.现在既已找出问题的症结，即可采取适当行动Nowthatyouveseenthehouse,Illshowyouthegrounds.屋子你已看过了，我领你参观一下庭
40、园。ThedaysareclosinginnowthatitisSeptember.已是九月了，白天正变得越来越短。例句：asaresultof由于.的结果，起因Shediedasaresultofherinjuries.她由于受伤而死亡。Hewasmadekingasaresultofvariousintrigues.由于搞了各种各样的阴谋，他当上了国王。Herheartwasslightlydamagedasaresultofherlongillness.久病使她的心脏受到一些损伤。400-0123-267资料下载频道小马托福010-626996221.因果：果：leadto,contri
41、buteto,sothat,so,thus,therefore,consequently,consequently,resultinresultin，hencehence例句：contributeto有助于，促成Smokingisamajorfactorcontributetocancer.吸烟是致癌的一个重要因素。400-0123-267资料下载频道小马托福010-62699622因果Paragraph6:Becausetheyarealwaysswimming,tunassimplyhavetoopentheirmouthsandwaterisforcedinandovertheirgil
42、ls.Accordingly,theyhavelostmostofthemusclesthatotherfishesusetosuckinwaterandpushitpastthegills.Infact,tunasmustswimtobreathe.Theymustalsokeepswimmingtokeepfromsinking,sincemosthavelargelyorcompletelylosttheswimbladder,thegas-filledsacthathelpsmostotherfishremainbuoyant.Consequently,tunasdonotneedto
43、suckinwater.400-0123-267资料下载频道小马托福010-62699622因果AnothertaskfortheGlomarChallengersscientistswastotrytodeterminetheoriginofthedomelikemassesburieddeepbeneaththeMediterraneanseafloor.Thesestructureshadbeendetectedyearsearlierbyecho-soundinginstruments,buttheyhadneverbeenpenetratedinthecourseofdrilling
44、.WeretheysaltdomessuchasarecommonalongtheUnitedStatesGulfCoast,andifso,whyshouldtherehavebeensomuchsolidcrystallinesaltbeneaththeflooroftheMediterranean?ThusThus,scientistshadinformationabouttheshapeofthedomes,scientistshadinformationabouttheshapeofthedomesbutbut notnot abouttheirchemicalcomposition
45、andorigin.abouttheirchemicalcompositionandorigin.400-0123-267资料下载频道小马托福010-62699622因果Anotherexplanationforthefocusonanimalsmightbethatthesepeoplesoughttoimprovetheirluckathunting.Thistheoryissuggestedbyevidenceofchipsinthepaintedfigures,perhapsmadebyspearsthrownatthedrawings.Butifimprovingtheirhunti
46、ngluckwasthechiefmotivationforthepaintings,itisdifficulttoexplainwhyonlyafewshowsignsofhavingbeenspeared.Perhapsthepaintingswereinspiredbytheneedtoincreasethesupplyofanimals.CaveartseemstohavereachedapeaktowardtheendoftheUpperPaleolithicperiod,whentheherdsofgameweredecreasing.Therefore,ifthepainting
47、swereconnectedwithhunting,someotherexplanationisneeded.400-0123-267资料下载频道小马托福010-626996222.转折：but,however,yet(然而),whereas,ratherthan,insteadof,unlike,infact,actually弱转，onthecontary,contraryto，conversely例题1：Ecologistsareespeciallyinterestedtoknowwhatfactorscontributetotheresilienceofcommunitiesbecaus
48、eclimaxcommunitiesallovertheworldarebeingseverelydamagedordestroyedbyhumanactivities.ThedestructioncausedbythevolcanicexplosionofMountSt.Helens,inthenorthwesternUnitedStates,forexample,palesincomparisontothedestructioncausedbyhumans.Weneedtoknowwhataspectsofacommunityaremostimportanttothecommunitysr
49、esistancetodestruction,aswellasitsrecovery.In fact, damage to the environment by humans is often much more severe than damage by natural events and processes.400-0123-267资料下载频道小马托福010-62699622例题2：Paragraph5:ThereactionoffarmerstotheinevitabledepletionoftheOgallalavaries.Manyhavebeenattemptingtoconse
50、rvewaterbyirrigatinglessfrequentlyorbyswitchingtocropsthatrequirelesswater.Others,however,haveadoptedthephilosophythatitisbesttousethewaterwhileitisstilleconomicallyprofitabletodosoandtoconcentrateonhigh-valuecropssuchascotton.Theincentiveofthefarmerswhowishtoconservewaterisreducedbytheirknowledgeth
51、atmanyoftheirneighborsareprofitingbyusinggreatamountsofwater,andintheprocessaredrawingdowntheentireregionswater.Paragrapsuppliesh6:Inthefaceoftheupcomingwatersupplycrisis,anumberofgrandioseschemeshavebeendevelopedtotransportvastquantitiesofwaterbycanalorpipelinefromtheMississippi,theMissouri,ortheAr
52、kansasrivers.Unfortunately,thecostofwaterobtainedthroughanyoftheseschemeswouldincreasepumpingcostsatleasttenfold,makingthecostofirrigatedagriculturalproductsfromtheregionuncompetitiveonthenationalandinternationalmarkets.Butevenifuncooperativefarmersweretojoinintheconservationefforts,thiswouldonlydel
53、aythedepletionoftheaquifer.400-0123-267资料下载频道小马托福010-626996223.递进still,also,indeed,furthermore(进一步),moreover(而且，此外),even(甚至，更),besides,additionally,inaddition,whatsmore例题1：Paragraph4:TradebetweentheWestandthesettledandprosperousChinesedynastiesintroducednewformsanddifferenttechnologies.Oneofthemostf
54、ar-reachingexamplesistheimpactofthefineninth-centuryAD.ChineseporcelainwaresimportedintotheArabworld.Soadmiredwerethesepiecesthattheyencouragedthedevelopmentofearthenwaremadeinimitationofporcelainandinstigatedresearchintothemethodoftheirmanufacture.FromtheMiddleEasttheChineseacquiredabluepigmentapur
55、ifiedformofcobaltoxideunobtainableatthattimeinChinathatcontainedonlyalowlevelofmanganese.CobaltoresfoundinChinahaveahighmanganesecontent,whichproducesamoremutedblue-graycolor.Intheseventeenthcentury,thetradingactivitiesoftheDutchEastIndiaCompanyresultedinvastquantitiesofdecoratedChineseporcelainbein
56、gbroughttoEurope,whichstimulatedandinfluencedtheworkofawidevarietyofwares,notablyDelft.TheChinesethemselvesadaptedmanyspecificvesselformsfromtheWest,suchasbottleswithlongspouts,anddesignedarangeofdecorativepatternsespeciallyfortheEuropeanmarket.Foreigntradewasalsoresponsibleforcertaininnovationsinco
57、loring.400-0123-267资料下载频道小马托福010-626996224.让步although，though,eventhough(if),even,despite,inspiteof,nevertheless,anyway,aswhile(虽然，尽管，即使），still（尽管如此）Paragraph1:IthaslongbeenacceptedthattheAmericaswerecolonizedbyamigrationofpeoplesfromAsia,slowlytravelingacrossalandbridgecalledBeringia(nowtheBeringStr
58、aitbetweennortheasternAsiaandAlaska)duringthelastIceAge.Thefirstwatercrafttheoryaboutthemigrationwasthataround11,000-12,000yearsagotherewasanice-freecorridorstretchingfromeasternBeringiatotheareasofNorthAmericasouthofthegreatnorthernglaciers.Itwasthemidcontinentalcorridorbetweentwomassiveicesheets-t
59、heLaurentidetothewest-thatenabledthesouthwardmigration.Butbeliefinthisice-freecorridorbegantocrumblewhenpaleoecologistGlenMacDonalddemonstratedthatsomeofthemostimportantradiocarbondatesusedtosupporttheexistenceofanice-freecorridorwereincorrect.Hepersuasivelyarguedthatsuchanice-freecorridordidnotexis
60、tuntilmuchlater,whenthecontinentalicebeganitsfinalretreat.Moreover,otherevidencesuggeststhatevenifanice-freecorridordidexist,itwouldhavelackedtheresourcesneededforhumancolonization.400-0123-267资料下载频道小马托福010-626996225.条件if,suppose,supposing,incase(of),solongas,unless,onlyif,when例题1:Paragraph2:Continu
61、edsedimentationtheprocessofdepositssettlingontheseabottomburiestheorganicmatterandsubjectsittohighertemperaturesandpressures,whichconverttheorganicmattertooilandgas.Asmuddysedimentsarepressedtogether,thegasandsmalldropletsofoilmaybesqueezedoutofthemudandmaymoveintosandylayersnearby.Overlongperiodsof
62、time(millionsofyears),accumulationsofgasandoilcancollectinthesandylayers.Bothoilandgasarelessdensethanwater,sotheygenerallytendtoriseupwardthroughwater-saturatedrockandsediment.Unlesssomethingactstohaltthismigration,thesenaturalresourceswilleventuallyreachthesurface.400-0123-267资料下载频道小马托福010-6269962
63、2例题2:Paragraph4:Helpingthisgroupofteacherstorevisetheirthinkingaboutclassroomeventsbecamecentral.Thisprocesstooktimeandpatienceandeffectivetrainers.Theresearchersestimatethattheinitialtrainingoftheteacherstovieweventsobjectivelytookbetween20and30hours,withthesamenumberofhoursagainbeingrequiredtoprac
64、ticetheskillsofreflection.Paragraph5:WildmanandNilesidentifythreeprinciplesthatfacilitatereflectivepracticeinateachingsituation.Thefirstissupportfromadministratorsinaneducationsystem,enablingteacherstounderstandtherequirementsofreflectivepracticeandhowitrelatestoteachingstudents.Thesecondistheavaila
65、bilityofsufficienttimeandspace.Theteachersintheprogramdescribedhowtheyfounditdifficulttoputasidetheimmediatedemandsofothersinordertogivethemselvesthetimetheyneededtodeveloptheirreflectiveskills.Thethirdisthedevelopmentofacollaborativeenvironmentwithsupportfromotherteachers.Supportandencouragementwer
66、ealsorequiredtohelpteachersintheprogramcopewithaspectsoftheirprofessionallifewithwhichtheywerenotcomfortable.WildmanandNilesmakeasummarycomment:“Perhapsthemostimportantthingwelearnedistheideaoftheteacher-as-reflective-practitionerwillnothappensimplybecauseitisagoodorevencompellingidea.”However, chan
67、ging teachers thinking about reflection will not succeed unless there is support for reflection in the teaching environment. 400-0123-267资料下载频道小马托福010-626996226.总分（举例&总结）举例：forexample,forinstance,suchas,including总结：insum,ingeneral,overall,tosumup,onthewhole,generally例题：Paragraph5:Abovethetreelinethe
68、reisazonethatisgenerallycalledalpinetundra.Immediatelyadjacenttothetimberline,thetundraconsistsofafairlycompletecoveroflow-lyingshrubs,herbs,andgrasses,whilehigherupthenumberanddiversityofspeciesdecreaseuntilthereismuchbaregroundwithoccasionalmossesandlichensandsomeprostratecushionplants.Someplantsc
69、anevensurviveinfavorablemicrohabitatsabovethesnowline.Thehighestplantsintheworldoccurataround6,100metersonMakaluintheHimalayas.Atthisgreatheight,rocks,warmedbythesun,meltsmallsnowdrifts.Thisexplainshow,forexample,alpinecushionplantshavebeenfoundgrowingatanaltitudeof6,180meters.400-0123-267资料下载频道小马托福010-626996227.并列and,aswellas,likewise(同样的),while(与此同时),or,meanwhile(同时),neither.nor.,either.or.,notonly.butalso.more.than400-0123-267资料下载频道小马托福010-62699622THANKS400-0123-267资料下载频道
