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1、专题十三构词法专题十三构词法(词类转换词类转换)怎么考词语的派生是语法填空题的必考点之一，考查考生在理解上下语境的基础上，由所给词派生出其他词来。通常涉及形容词与副词之间的转换；动词(或名词)加后缀变成形容词的转换；动词加后缀变成名词的转换；形容词加后缀变成名词的转换；动词加后缀变成“人”的名词转换；加否定或相反意义的前缀和后缀的转换等。怎么学在平时的学习中，注意积累常用后缀及前缀的用法，同时积累常用词的转化。怎么解首先要分析句子结构，看空格处要填的词在句子中充当什么成分；然后回顾思考充当这一成分需要哪类词，再看括号中所给词是什么词类，应如何将其转换成所需词类。.体验考向单句语法填空1.(20
2、15全国卷)Abercrombie & Kent，a travel company in Hong Kong，says it _ (regular)arranges quick getaways here for people living in Shanghai and Hong Kong.2.(2015全国卷)In addition to their simple beauty，what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their _(able) to “air condition” a house without using electric
3、 equipment.3.(2014全国卷)There were many people waiting at the bus stop，and some of them looked very anxious and _ (disappoint).4.(2014广东卷)She was _ (surprise) helpful.5.(2014全国卷)Everyone on the bus began talking about what the boy had done，and the crowd of strangers _ (sudden) became friendly to one a
4、nother.答案1.regularly定期为人们安排到这儿的旅行。此处应该使用副词regularly作状语修饰动词arrange。2.ability考查词性。空前面是形容词性物主代词their，其后面需要用名词。3.disappointeddisappointed和前面的anxious并列，形容等车人的心情。4.surprisingly考查副词。修饰形容词helpful，用副词。5.suddenly此处需要副词修饰动词became。.考点集训集训用所给词的适当形式填空1.(2014福建卷)I was about to give up when my father came and _ (en
5、couragement) me to keep going.2.(2013广东卷)“That would be a very _ (reason) thing to do in a big city，but it could destroy a small village like ours，”Nick said.3.(2013广东卷)But such a small thing couldnt _ (possible) destroy a village.4.(2013福建卷)Parents _ (arrangement) everything for their children and
6、spare no effort to pave the way for their success.5.(2012广东卷)Mary felt _(please)，because there were many empty seats in the room.6.I havent seen Sara since she was a little girl，and she has changed beyond _ (recognize).7.The boss showed his _ (appreciate) of Toms hard work in the company by raising
7、his pay to $5，000 a month.8.You can_(large) your vocabulary if you keep on memorizing some new words every day.答案1.encouraged2.reasonable3.possibly4.arrange5.pleased6.recognition7.appreciation8.enlarge集训根据所给提示词，完成下列短文，然后朗读或背诵，在语境中体会构词法。From the _1_ (express) on Marys face，he knew he left a bad _2_ (
8、impress) on her and if she won the _3_ (elect) to become chairman of the Environment _4_ (organize)，he could not get her _5_ (permit) to join it although he was willing to do his bit to rid the world of _6_ (pollute) and to help people enjoy a better earth.When he was wondering how to change this em
9、barrassing situation，he got _7_ (inspire) from his wifeswords.Yes，he should try his best to win the election and become chairman himself with his _8_ (determine) to work for the organization.“My dear，you are really a wonderful _9_ (help)！Im sure I will be the _10_ (win) of the election.”He said to h
10、is wife excitedly.答案1.expression2.impression3.election4.Organization5.permission6.pollution7.inspiration8.determination9.helper10.winner知识胸有成竹一、常考前缀1.表示否定或相反意义的前缀dis-，mis-，un-，il-，im-，in-，ir-，non-，anti-：disagree，misunderstand，unwilling，illegal，impossible，nonstop2.形容词变动词的前缀en-：ableenable；largeenlarge
11、，richenrich3.其他inter-相互，over-超过；re-重新，ex-以前的，super-超，vice-副 ： interaction， overweight， reuse， ex-husband，supernatural，vice-chairman二、常考后缀1.形 容 词 ly变 成 副 词 ： realreally， angryangrily，possiblepossibly。2.动词或名词变成形容词的后缀-able，-ful，-ous，-y，-al，-ible，-ive，-ary：naturenatural，useuseful，continuecontinuous，heal
12、thhealthy。3.动词变名词的后缀-al，-ance，-ence，-tion，-ssion，-ment，-ture，-y：arrivearrival，appearappearance，existexistence，inviteinvitation。4.形容词变名词的后缀-cy，-dom，-ence，-th，-age，-ty，-ity：fluentfluence，wisewisdom，silentsilence，growgrowth，safesafety。5.表示人的后缀-er，-or，-ist，-ee，-ess，-ese，-an，-ian，-ant： teacher， inventor，
13、 artist， employee， Chinese，American，musician，servant。6.表示否定的后缀-less：hopeless，endless，fearless，careless，treeless，meaningless。7.形 容 词 变 动 词 的 后 缀 -en， -fy： broadbroaden，classclassify。8.名词变动词的后缀-ize：apologyapologize。三、转化法1.名词动词：back n.背vt.支持，seat n.座容纳2.动词名词：walktake a walk，surveymake a survey3.形容词动词：s
14、low adj.慢的v.减慢四、合成法1.名词名词名词：classroom，teamwork，newspaper2.形容词名词名词：blackboard，highway3.副词名词名词：overcoat，underground，outbreak4.副词动词动词：update，overlook5.名词动词动词：sun-bathe，proof-read6.名 词 分 词 形 容 词 ： man-made， hand-made， peace-keeping7.形容词分词形容词：good-looking集训奔向高考阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。When you
15、 decide youre going to live alone，you get upset.This is _1_(nature).But theres no need to get _2_ (worry).Below are some ideas _3_ can help you out.Saving money is _4_ you need to start several months before you move out.You need to save enough money _5_(help) you survive for at least a month in the
16、 new place.The _6_(easy) of all ways is to spend less!Search for a place to live in before _7_(move) out.Make sure that the place you choose is in a good location.Besides，you can afford _8_.If youre going to stay in an expensive city，find a roommate so that you can share the expenses.And if you have
17、 to live _9_ your own for a long time，youll have to look for a part-time job.If youre _10_ student，you can work in restaurants，theaters，etc.And dont spend a lot of money in a wasteful way！Try and save every penny of what you earn.答案1.natural考查形容词。句意：当你决定单独生活时，你变得沮丧，这是自然的。分析句子成分可知，空处作表语，故此处需要用nature的
18、形容词形式。2.worried考查形容词。get worried“担心，担忧”。3.that考查定语从句。句意：下面是一些帮助你摆脱困境的方法。因为先行词前有不定代词some修饰，所以此处用that引导限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语代替先行词ideas。4.what考查表语从句。句意：在你搬出去的几个月之前，你就需要开始存钱。what引导表语从句，并在从句中作宾语。5.to help考查非谓语动词。句意：你需要存足够的钱，帮助你在新的地方生存至少一个月。此处用动词不定式作目的状语。6.easiest考查最高级。句意：所有的方法中最容易的就是少花钱。由of all ways可知用最高级。7.moving考查非谓语动词。介词before后跟动词ing形式。8.it考查代词。此处用it指代前面的“the place”。9.on考查介词短语。on ones own“单独，独自”。10.a考查冠词。句意：如果你是一名学生，你能在餐馆、剧院等地方工作。此处用不定冠词a表示泛指一名学生。
