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1、Slide1nfpa基本消防及生命安全规范架构_图文Stillwatersrundeep.流静水深流静水深,人静心深人静心深Wherethereislife,thereishope。有生命必有希望。有生命必有希望Slide2Whydoweneedfireandlifesafetycodes?According to the NFPA, in 2007 there According to the NFPA, in 2007 there wereweren n530,500structurefiresoneeveryminute530,500structurefiresoneeveryminut
2、en n3,000civiliandeathsoneevery2.5hours3,000civiliandeathsoneevery2.5hoursn n15,350civilianinjuriesoneevery30minutes15,350civilianinjuriesoneevery30minutesn n$10,600,000,000inpropertydamage$10,600,000,000inpropertydamagen nAfiredepartmentrespondedtoafireevery20Afiredepartmentrespondedtoafireevery20s
3、econdssecondsSlide3Objectivesn nIntroducethecodesthatdrivefireandlifesafetycompliancen nOverviewoffiredetectionandsuppressionn nProvidetoolstoconductabasicfireandlifesafetyassessmentSlide4FireRegulationsandCodesn nSafetyandHealthRegulationsOSHA(29CFR1910&1926)OSHA(29CFR1910&1926)n nFireandLifeSafety
4、CodesInternationalBuildingCode(IBC)InternationalBuildingCode(IBC)NationalFireProtectionAssociation(NFPA)NationalFireProtectionAssociation(NFPA)MunicipalRequirementsMunicipalRequirementsSlide5AdditionalRequirementsn nAllcodesareminimumrequirementsn nInsurancecompanyrequirementsn nCompanypoliciesn nTh
5、eJointCommissionn nStateand/orCityrequirementsSlide6HowareTheseCodesEnforcedn nCodesareadoptedbyreferencebyCodesareadoptedbyreferencebyordinance.ordinance.n nPlansforremodelingoranewPlansforremodelingoranewconstructionmustbeapprovedbyconstructionmustbeapprovedbytheauthorityhavingjurisdictiontheautho
6、rityhavingjurisdiction(AHJ)priortostartingwork.(AHJ)priortostartingwork. StateFireMarshalsOfficeStateFireMarshalsOffice LocalFireDepartmentorCityCodeLocalFireDepartmentorCityCodeOfficialsOfficials DesignatedLocalAHJDesignatedLocalAHJn nTakeHomeMessageKnowwhatTakeHomeMessageKnowwhatcode(s)applytoyour
7、operationcode(s)applytoyouroperation Slide7WhichdoIfollow?n nRemodelingornewconstructionplansmustbeapprovedbyauthorityhavingjurisdiction(AHJ)priortostartingworkStateFireMarshalsOfficeStateFireMarshalsOfficeLocalFireDepartmentorCityCodeLocalFireDepartmentorCityCodeOfficialsOfficialsDesignatedLocalAHJ
8、DesignatedLocalAHJSlide8Features of Building Fire and Life Safetyn nAlarmsAlarmsn nSprinklersSprinklersn nRatedCorridorsRatedCorridorsn nExitAccessExitAccessn nNumberofRequiredNumberofRequiredExitsExitsn nEgressWidthsEgressWidthsn nOccupantLoadsOccupantLoadsn nElevatorRecallElevatorRecalln nFireRate
9、dDoors&FireRatedDoors&FramesFramesn nSmokeControlSmokeControln nRatedStairwellsRatedStairwellsn nFireproofingFireproofingRequirementsRequirementsn nElectricalSafetyElectricalSafetyn nConstructionConstructionCombustibilityCombustibilityn nFireandSmokeFireandSmokeDampersDampersn nEmergencyPowerEmergen
10、cyPowern nRoofAssembliesRoofAssembliesSlide9FireAlarmSystemsn nPlayanEssentialRoleinProtectingPropertyandLivesFromFire.n nProtectionGoalsGovernsSystemSelection BuildingOccupantSafetyBuildingOccupantSafety SatisfyBuildingCodesorAHJSatisfyBuildingCodesorAHJRequirementsRequirements PropertyProtectionPr
11、opertyProtection FirstResponderSafetyFirstResponderSafety EnvironmentalProtectionEnvironmentalProtection CombinationCombination Slide10FireAlarmSystemsn nIBCreferencesNFPA72forinstallationandmaintenancen nNFPA72NationalFireAlarmCoden nBasicComponentsPanelPanelDetectionDetectionManualAlarmManualAlarm
12、NotificationNotificationOff-PremisesConnectionforSupervisionOff-PremisesConnectionforSupervisionSlide11FireAlarmSystemsn nFireAlarmSystemWillProvideThreeTypesofSignals AlarmAlarm TroubleindicatesafaultinaTroubleindicatesafaultinamonitoringcircuitorcomponentofthemonitoringcircuitorcomponentofthefirea
13、larmsystemfirealarmsystem BadsmokedetectorBadsmokedetector GroundfaultGroundfault SupervisoryindicatesaproblemwithSupervisoryindicatesaproblemwithotherfireprotectionsystemsbeingotherfireprotectionsystemsbeingmonitoredbythefirealarmsystemmonitoredbythefirealarmsystem Watervalvetosprinklersystemclosed
14、Watervalvetosprinklersystemclosed CleanagentsystemproblemCleanagentsystemproblemAlarmSupervisoryTroubleSlide12Off-PremisesConnectionforSupervisionSlide13CommonFireDetectionn nSmokeDetector IonizationIonization PhotoelectricPhotoelectricn nHeatDetectors FixedTemperatureFixedTemperature Rate-of-RiseRa
15、te-of-RiseSlide14ManualPullStationsn nManualpulldeviceswillbelocatedonthewalln nActivatedbypullingonahandlen nSendssignaltobuildingsfirealarmsystemwhichplacesthebuildingintoalarmSlide15NotificationAppliancesn nAudiblealarms(Howloudisloudenough?)PublicSPLmustbe5dBaboveanyPublicSPLmustbe5dBaboveanyamb
16、ientnoisethatlasts60sec.orambientnoisethatlasts60sec.ormore,or15dBabovethe24-hrmore,or15dBabovethe24-hraverage,whicheverisgreateraverage,whicheverisgreaterSleepingquartersMinimumof75SleepingquartersMinimumof75dBAdBASlide16NotificationAppliancesn nVoiceCommunicationBettertohavealargernumberofBetterto
17、havealargernumberoflowerSPLunitsvs.afewverylowerSPLunitsvs.afewveryloudunitsloudunitsIntelligibilitycanbeaproblemIntelligibilitycanbeaproblemSlide17NotificationAppliancesn nVisualalarmsPrimarilyintendedtoaugmentPrimarilyintendedtoaugmentaudiblealarmsaudiblealarmsn nCommonLocationsofVisualAlarmsCorri
18、dorsCorridorsMeetingroomsMeetingroomsRestroomsRestroomsEnclosedelevatorlobbiesEnclosedelevatorlobbiesSlide18FireAlarmSystemInterfacesn nHeatingVentilationandAirConditioningDuctdetectorsDuctdetectorsAHUshut-downAHUshut-downn nSprinklerwaterflowalarmsn nMagneticlockreleasemechanismsn nDoorunlockingdev
19、icesn nElevatorrecalln nStairwellpressurizationSlide19SystemReliabilityn nBasedonFourElements DesignDesign EquipmentEquipment UnderwritersLaboratoriesUnderwritersLaboratories FactoryMutualGlobalFactoryMutualGlobal InstallationInstallation MaintenanceMaintenance Inspection,Testing,andMaintenancearecr
20、ucialInspection,Testing,andMaintenancearecrucial Unfortunately,someproblemsmaybeidentifiedUnfortunately,someproblemsmaybeidentifiedafterthepreviousthreehavebeencompletedafterthepreviousthreehavebeencompletedEquipmentInstallationMaintenanceDesignSlide20FireSuppressionn nWaterBasedSuppressionn nCleanA
21、gentSystemsn nFireExtinguishersSlide21WaterBasedSuppressionn nWet-PipeSystemcontainswaterunderpressureatSystemcontainswaterunderpressureatalltimesalltimesSeriesofclosedsprinklerheadsSeriesofclosedsprinklerheadsHeatactivatessprinklerheadHeatactivatessprinklerheadWaterisdischargedimmediatelyWaterisdis
22、chargedimmediately*Notrecommendedifsystemcouldbeexposedtotemperatures*Notrecommendedifsystemcouldbeexposedtotemperaturesbelow40below40FFSlide22Wet-PipeSystem1.1.MainvalveMainvalve2.2.AlarmcheckvalveAlarmcheckvalve3.3.FiredepartmentcheckFiredepartmentcheckvalvevalve4.4.FiredepartmentFiredepartmentcon
23、nectionconnection5.5.WatermotoralarmWatermotoralarm6.6.SprinklerheadSprinklerhead7.7.InspectorstestvalveInspectorstestvalveSlide23Wet-PipeSystemn nOnlythesprinklerheadsheatedbythefireactivateOnlythesprinklerheadsheatedbythefireactivaten nFiresprinklersspray18gallonsofwaterperminuteFiresprinklersspra
24、y18gallonsofwaterperminuteSprinkler headAs temperature rises the bulb will shatterWater is released and deflected in a spray patternSlide24SprinklerColorCodesandRatingsColorSprinkler ClassificationTemperature RatingRedOrdinary135-170Yellow/GreenIntermediate175-225BlueHigh250-300PurpleExtra High325-3
25、75BlackUltra High500-575Slide25FieldMethodforTemporaryStoppageofSprinklerHeadSlide26Dry-PipeSystemn nSystemcontainsairunderpressureSystemcontainsairunderpressure CompressoronsystemkeepspressureupCompressoronsystemkeepspressureupn nSprinklerheadsholdthepressureSprinklerheadsholdthepressuren nAdry-pip
26、evalveholdsbackthewatersupplyAdry-pipevalveholdsbackthewatersupplyn nValveopenswhenpressurefallsbelowaValveopenswhenpressurefallsbelowapredeterminedlevelpredeterminedleveln nSprinklerheadactivationpressuredropvalveSprinklerheadactivationpressuredropvalveopenswatersenttoallheadswaterdischargedopenswa
27、tersenttoallheadswaterdischargedfromactivatedsprinklerhead(s)fromactivatedsprinklerhead(s)*Recommendedforareasthatcouldexperiencefreezing*RecommendedforareasthatcouldexperiencefreezingtemperaturestemperaturesSlide27How do Dry-Pipe Systems Work?1.1.HeatActivatedHeatActivated2.2.PressureDropPressureDr
28、op5.5.WaterDischargesfromactivatedheadWaterDischargesfromactivatedhead4.4.WatersenttoallsprinklerheadsWatersenttoallsprinklerheads3.3.ValveOpensValveOpensSlide28Dry-PipeSystem1.1.SupplycheckvalveSupplycheckvalve2.2.MainvalveMainvalve3.3.DrypipevalveDrypipevalve4.4.FiredepartmentFiredepartmentcheckva
29、lvecheckvalve5.5.FiredepartmentFiredepartmentconnectionconnection6.6.WatermotoralarmWatermotoralarm7.7.SprinklerheadSprinklerhead8.8.InspectorstestInspectorstestvalvevalveSlide29Pre-actionSystemn nSystemcontainsairunderpressureSystemcontainsairunderpressure CompressoronsystemkeepspressureupCompresso
30、ronsystemkeepspressureupn nWaterheldbackbypre-actionvalveWaterheldbackbypre-actionvalven nSystemequippedwithsupplementaldetectionSystemequippedwithsupplementaldetectionn nOperationofdetectionsystemallowspre-actionOperationofdetectionsystemallowspre-actionvalvetoopenandwaterfillsthesystemvalvetoopena
31、ndwaterfillsthesystemn nWaternotdischargeduntilfirehasgeneratedWaternotdischargeduntilfirehasgeneratedsufficientheattoactivateasprinklerheadsufficientheattoactivateasprinklerhead*TypicallyfoundincomputerroomsandmuseumsTypicallyfoundincomputerroomsandmuseumsSlide30How do Pre-Action Systems Work?1.1.S
32、mokeDetectedSmokeDetected5.5.WaterDischargesfromactivatedheadWaterDischargesfromactivatedhead4.4.WatersenttoallsprinklerheadsWatersenttoallsprinklerheads3.3.ValveOpensValveOpensSlide31Pre-actionSystem1.1.SupplycheckvalveSupplycheckvalve2.2.MainvalveMainvalve3.3.WatercontrolordelugeWatercontrolordelu
33、gevalvevalve4.4.FiredepartmentcheckFiredepartmentcheckvalvevalve5.5.FiredepartmentFiredepartmentconnectionconnection6.6.WatermotoralarmWatermotoralarm7.7.Sprinklerhead(closed)Sprinklerhead(closed)8.8.DetectorDetector9.9.ElectricalbellElectricalbell10.10.ManualreleasestationManualreleasestation11.11.
34、ControlpanelControlpanel12.12.InspectorstestvalveInspectorstestvalveSlide32FirePumpsn nFirepumpsareutilizedwhenthehydraulicdemandexceedspublicsupplycapacityn nComponentsPumpandmotorPumpandmotorControllersControllersJockeypumpJockeypumpWatertankWatertankSlide33WaterSupplyn nStandpipeSystem ClassI2inc
35、hhoseconnectionClassI2inchhoseconnectionintendedforfiredepartmentuseintendedforfiredepartmentuse ClassII1inchhoseClassII1inchhoseconnectionsintendedforfirst-aidconnectionsintendedforfirst-aidfirefightingfirefighting ClassIIIProvidedwithboth2ClassIIIProvidedwithboth2inchand1inchhoseinchand1inchhoseco
36、nnectionsconnectionsn nFireDepartmentConnectionSlide34SuppressionWithoutWatern nHalonNFPA12ABeingphasedoutper1987Beingphasedoutper1987MontrealProtocolMontrealProtocoln nCarbonDioxideNFPA12n nCleanAgentNFPA2001InertgasformulationInertgasformulation*Thesesystemsareoftennotrecognizedas*Thesesystemsareo
37、ftennotrecognizedasallowablesubstituteforwatersuppressionallowablesubstituteforwatersuppressionSlide35FireExtinguishersn nNFPA10standardforportablefireextinguishersn nSelectappropriateextinguisherforarea ClassA,B,C,D,andKClassA,B,C,D,andKn nIdentifyhazardoccupancy LightHazardLightHazard Offices,scho
38、ols,assemblyhallsOffices,schools,assemblyhalls OrdinaryHazardOrdinaryHazard Mercantilestorage,parkinggaragesMercantilestorage,parkinggarages HighHazardHighHazard Woodworkingarea,warehousesWoodworkingarea,warehousesSlide36ConductingaBasicAssessmentn nDetermine Your Building Occupancy Determine Your B
39、uilding Occupancy Type FirstType Firstn nIBC Occupancy ClassificationsIBC Occupancy Classifications Assembly:GroupA-1,A-2,A-3,A-4andA-5Assembly:GroupA-1,A-2,A-3,A-4andA-5 Business:GroupBBusiness:GroupB Educational:GroupEEducational:GroupE FactoryandIndustrial:GroupsF-1andF-2FactoryandIndustrial:Grou
40、psF-1andF-2 HighHazard:GroupsH-1,H-2,H-3,H-4,andH-5HighHazard:GroupsH-1,H-2,H-3,H-4,andH-5 Institutional:GroupI-1,I-2,I-3andI-4Institutional:GroupI-1,I-2,I-3andI-4 Mercantile:GroupMMercantile:GroupM Residential:GroupsR-1,R-2,R-3andR-4Residential:GroupsR-1,R-2,R-3andR-4 Storage:GroupsS-1andS-2Storage
41、:GroupsS-1andS-2 UtilityandMiscellaneous:GroupUUtilityandMiscellaneous:GroupUSlide37ConductingaBasicAssessmentn nAdditional Detailed Requirements Based on Use and Occupancy CoveredMallBuildingsCoveredMallBuildings High-RiseBuildingsHigh-RiseBuildings AtriumsAtriums UndergroundBuildingsUndergroundBui
42、ldings Motor-Vehicle-RelatedOccupanciesMotor-Vehicle-RelatedOccupancies MotionPictureProjectionRoomsMotionPictureProjectionRooms StagesandPlatformsStagesandPlatforms SpecialAmusementBuildingsSpecialAmusementBuildings Aircraft-RelatedOccupanciesAircraft-RelatedOccupancies CombustibleStorageCombustibl
43、eStorage HazardousMaterialsHazardousMaterials DryingRoomsDryingRoomsSlide38KnowYourBuildingn nOnceoccupancyisdeterminedcodeswillgiveyouguidanceWhattypeofconstructionisrequired?Whattypeofconstructionisrequired?Isasprinklersystemrequired?Isasprinklersystemrequired?Isafirealarmsystemrequired?Isafireala
44、rmsystemrequired?Exitingandegress?Exitingandegress?Emergencypowerrequired?Emergencypowerrequired?Isasmokecontrolsystemrequired?Isasmokecontrolsystemrequired?Isastandpipesystemrequired?Isastandpipesystemrequired?Slide39Conclusionn nCodesdrivefacilityfireandlifesafetyrequirementsn nKnowwhatcodesapplyt
45、oyouroperationn nAllcodesareMINIMUMrequirementsn nWhoisyourAHJ? ManythingscanbeleftuptothisindividualsManythingscanbeleftuptothisindividualsinterpretationinterpretationn nMaintainsystemsinaccordancewithcoderequirementsandmanufacturersrecommendationsSlide40Referencesn nInternationalBuildingCode,InternationalCodeCouncilwww.iccsafe.orgwww.iccsafe.orgn nNationalFireProtectionAssociationwww.nfpa.orgwww.nfpa.orgn nTheJointCommissionwww.jointcommission.orgwww.jointcommission.org
