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1、英语句法英语句法英语的基本成分有七种： 主语（subject） 谓语（predicate） 表语（predicative） 宾语（object） 宾语补足语 ( object complement) 定语（attribute） 状语 (adverbial)主语：是句子要说明的人或物主语：是句子要说明的人或物,可以作主语的成可以作主语的成分有名词，主语一般在句首。注意名词单数形分有名词，主语一般在句首。注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家！式常和冠词不分家！ v1) Mr. Lee is a well-known scientist.v2) He reads newspapers everyday.v
2、3) Two and ten is twelve.v4) Smoking is harmful to the health.v5) To swim in that pool is a great pleasure.v6) What we shall do next is not yet decided.谓语谓语: 说明主语的动作，状态或特征。说明主语的动作，状态或特征。v1) The new term begins on the 1st of September.v2) His father is an engineer.v3) She seemed happy.v4) Li Hua show
3、ed me his album. 宾语:指的是及物动词涉及到的人或物.v1) Wang Ling lent me a novel to read in the bus.v2) The medicine is good for a cold.v3) How many pieces do you want?v4) My little sister always likes to ask questions.v5) Would you mind coming earlier tomorrow?v6) He asked me what I was going to do tonight宾语补足语:在宾
4、语后面补充说明 宾语 的动作,状态,特征.v1) The government appointed her chief delegate to the conference.v2) I dont believe the story true.v3) You should put your things in order.v4) The doctor advised her to stay in bed for a week.v5) We saw the pupils playing basketball.表语：是谓语的一部分，它位于系动 词如be之后，说明主语身份，特征，属性或状态。v1)Wa
5、ngs father is a doctor.v2) He is always careless.v3) The basketball match is on.v4) All the pupils are on the playground now.v5) Our aim is to win more medals.v6) His work is teaching French.v7) The question is who can really repair the machines.定语:是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用的表示。 vTom is a handsom
6、e boy. vThe two boys are students. vHis boy needs Toms pen. vThe boy in the classroom needs a pen of yours. vThe boy needs a ball pen. vThe best boy here is Tom. vThere is nothing to do today. vThe smiling boy needs a pen bought by his mother. vThis is the new dictionary which I bought yesterday. 状语
7、：状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，说明方式、因果、条件、时间、地点、让步、方向、程度、目的等。 v1) She sings quite well.v2) On Sundays, there is no student in the classroom. v3) He sits there, asking for a pen. v4) The boy needs a pen to do his homework. v5) If I have some spare time, I will take up German.v同位语是在名词或代词之后并列名词或同位语是在名词或代词之后并列名词或代词对
8、前者加以说明的成分，近乎于后代词对前者加以说明的成分，近乎于后置定语。如：置定语。如：vWe students should study hard. / (students是we的同位语，都是指同一批学生）vWe all are students. / (all是we的同位语，都指同样的我们）v The news that C用符号标出下列句子的成分：v1) I saw your uncle in the shop yesterday.v2) Her father became a Party member in 1950.v3) To sleep on a spring bed is ver
9、y comfortable.v4) Mr. Hopkins teaches Mary English.v5) She knows how to teach English properly.v6) The next morning, we found him lying in bed, dead. v7) Being Chinese, we care much about how many gold medals the Chinese team has got. v8). Who are you looking for? v9). It was a pity that you didnt w
10、atch that wonderful football match.v10) I think it is necessary for us to learn English.v11) I think it necessary for us to learn English.v12) Many accidents which occur in the streets could be prevented if we were more careful.v13) The watch which her mother gave it to her works very well.v14)His d
11、elay of an hour is due to the fact that the train met with a minor accident.Analyze the sentences:v1.The students often keep their classroom clean and tidy.v2.We find it impossible to finish the task in such short time.v3.The question being discussed seemed important.v4.The town towards which we are
12、 moving is the one I used to live in.v5.Hearing that his son was badly wounded, he hurried to the hospital to see him.v6.We heard a warning on the radio that a hurricane is on its way. Correcting:v1. It made our school looks liked a school.v2.Everywhere have green trees and flowers.v3.There are many
13、 trees are growing in our school.v4. We found him was having an English lesson.v5. Ill spend the whole day reading and prepare for it .v6. The children went away laughed. v7.The church burned down yesterday date from the 18th century. v8.Its not good to keep children busily with their studies all da
14、y long. v9. Play football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also give us a sense of fair play and team spirit. 1.The person we spoke to _no answer at first. A. make B. making C. makesD. made2.Who do you think _us a talk this afternoon? A. to giveB. gaveC. will giveD. giving 3、The days we
15、 look forward to _at last. A. comes B. to come C. came D. coming4.Time should be made good use of _our lessons well. A. learningB. learnedC. to learn D. learns 5.We should do all we can _ him. A. to help B. help C. helping D. helpsCC D CAv6.Why all the boys fell ill suddenly _ still unknown. A. are
16、B. was C. is D. werev7.“Cant you read”? Mary said _ to the notice. A. angrily pointing B. and point angrily C. angrily pointed D. and angrily pointingv8.Whom would you rather have _ with you. A. to go B. gone C. go D. wentv9.What do you consider _ to them? A. to happen B. happened C. happening D. ha
17、ppenv在过去的十年里，我的家乡已经发生了巨大的变化在过去的十年里，我的家乡已经发生了巨大的变化。 Great changes have taken place in my home town in the past ten years. v这种事情全世界各地每天都在发生。这种事情全世界各地每天都在发生。 Things of that sort are happening all over the world every day.v每天八时开始上课。每天八时开始上课。 Classes begin at eight every day.v布朗夫人看起来很健康。布朗夫人看起来很健康。 Mrs B
18、rown looks very healthy. v她的工作是在幼儿园里照看儿童。她的工作是在幼儿园里照看儿童。 Her job is to look after the children in the nursery. v他失业了。他失业了。 He is out of work. v他们成功地完成了计划他们成功地完成了计划 They have carried out the plan successfully.v我收到了笔友从澳大利亚寄来的信。我收到了笔友从澳大利亚寄来的信。 I received a letter from my pen friend in Australia.v我开窗户你
19、在意吗？我开窗户你在意吗？ Do you mind my opening the window? v我们大家都相信我们大家都相信Jack 是一个诚实男孩。是一个诚实男孩。 All of us believe that Jack is an honest boy. v Johnson 先生去年教我们德语先生去年教我们德语 Mr Johnson taught us German last year.v奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。 Grandma told me an interesting story last night.v这个学期我已经给父母写过三封信了
20、。这个学期我已经给父母写过三封信了。 This term I have written three letters to my parents. v我父亲已经给我买了一辆新自行车。我父亲已经给我买了一辆新自行车。 My father has bought me a new bike. vRobinson Crusoe 给自己做了一只小船。给自己做了一只小船。 Robinson Crusoe made himself a boat.v新式机器将会为你节省许多劳动。新式机器将会为你节省许多劳动。 The new machine will save you a lot of labour.v我们大家
21、都认为他是诚实的。 All of us considered him honest. v他们把门推开了。 They pushed the door openv我从来没看见这个字这样用过。 I have never seen the word used that way before.v男孩子们都在看士兵们操练。 The boys were watching the soldiers drilling. v我想乘船去那里更舒服些。 I think it more comfortable to go there by ship.v我认为与那个人谈话是无益的。 I thought it no use talking with that man.
