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1、英语国家概况英语国家概况Major English-Speaking Countries:A Survey 张静静张静静 2012.09 2012.09ContentsTheUnitedKingdom1TheUnitedStatesofAmerica2Canada3Australia4NewZealand5Distribution of native English- speakers by countryTheAnglosphere&AnglophoneApart from Eng as NL, other factorsvEthnic/racial: white being the lar
2、gest group. vHistorical: former British colonies or settlements US: 1776, part of Canada: 1763-1867, Ireland: 1922, NZ: 1907, Commonwealth of Nations, NATO.vPredominant religion: ChristianityCommonwealthoftheNationObjectives v1.To acquire SpecificknowledgeaboutmajorEnglish-speakingcountries(esp.UK+U
3、SA)v2.To cultivate critical thinking on cultural matters. Researchability(info/materialcollectionandorganization,paperwriting,reference.)v3. To improve English competence. Extensivereadingandtargetedvocabularyacquisitionv Methods: 1. presentation报告演示法报告演示法 2. seminar讨论式学习法讨论式学习法 SchedulevThe UK 9 we
4、eks, The USA 9 weeksvUnit One 1 weekvUnit Two 1 weekvUnit Three 2 weeksvUnit Four 1 weekvUnit Five 1 weekvUnit Six vUnit Seven 1 weekvUnit Eight vUnit Nine 1 weekvUnit Ten 1 weekEvaluation & ExpectationEvaluation:The final score is made up of two parts: Attendance & performance at regular classes (1
5、0%)Mid-term examination(20%)presentation and the final exam(70%)Expectation: Preview texts active part inpresentation & discussionPartOneThe United KingdomContentsTheCountry1ThePeople2Judiciary5SocialServices6Education7Wayoflife84GovernmentandPolitics3History Unit One The Country 1.1 GeneralIntroduc
6、tion 1.2 Topography 1.3 RiversandLakes 1.4 Climate1.1.1 Whats the official name?v“When people say EnglandEngland, they sometimes mean Great Britain, sometimes the United Kingdom, sometimes the British Isles - but never England.” -George Mikes (19121987) Hungarian-born British authorEnglandBritainGre
7、at Britain (GB/G.B.)British IslesBritish EmpireThe CommonwealthThe United Kingdom The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandBritishIslesGeographically,theBritishIslesincludesGreatBritain,thewholeofIreland,andalltheoffshoreislandsPolitically,theBritishIslesismadeupofU.K.andRepublicofIre
8、land.vGreatBritainreferstothelargestislandofBritishIsleswhichincludesthreepoliticaldivisions:England,Scotland,andWales.ItisanislandlyingoffthewesterncoastofEurope,comprisingthemainterritoryoftheUnitedKingdom. Dept.of Foreign StudiesGreatBritainBritishEmpirevthe British Empire大英帝国大英帝国A historical ter
9、m, of the worlds land area and population in 1922The Sun-never-setting Empire 日不落帝国日不落帝国TheCommonwealthvThe Commonwealth (of Nations) is afreeassociation of independent countries that were once colonies of Britain. It was founded in 1931, and has 53 member countries until 2007. It is alooseassociati
10、on connected more economically than politically.OfficialNametheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIrelandGeographicallyincludesGreatBritainandNorthernIrelandPoliticallyincludesfournationsDept.of Foreign Studies1801-TheIrishParliamentvotedtojointheUnion.TheKingdomofGreatBritainbecomestheUnited Kin
11、gdom of Great Britain and Ireland.1922-NamechangedtoUnited Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland,aftermostoftheSoutherncountiesinIrelandchooseindependence.1536-ActofUnionjoinsEnglandandWales1707-ActofUnionunitesScotlandandEngland,togetherwithWalestoformtheKingdom of Great Britain.1.1.2 Posit
12、ion and Bordersvvan island country surrounded by the sea. It is an island country surrounded by the sea. It is bordered on the south by the English Channel, on bordered on the south by the English Channel, on the east by the North Sea, on the west by the the east by the North Sea, on the west by the
13、 North Atlantic Ocean North Atlantic Ocean vvNorthwestern Europe, northwest of France and Northwestern Europe, northwest of France and the west of Netherlands and Denmark.the west of Netherlands and Denmark.vIt has a total land area of 242,514 square kilometers. (Guangxi Autonomous Region)Dept.of Fo
14、reign Studies1.1.3 The Union Flag/JackEngland- St Georges CrossScotland- St. Andrews CrossNorthern Ireland- St. Patrick CrossWales-The Red Dragon1.1.4 The Official Coat of ArmsMotto:Dieu et mon Droit (God and my right) Honi soit qui maly pense (Evil to him who evil thinks)The Shield EnglandScotlandN
15、orthern IrelandThe FlowersEngland-RoseScotland-ThislteNorthern Ireland-CloverWales-Leek & DaffodilNationalflower：RoseNationalanthem：“GodsavetheKing/Queen” Nationalbird：Redbreast(1)Englandthelargest(53.7%),mostpopulous(83.8%),thewealthiest.(2)Capital:London(2)Scotlandsecondlargest(32.1%),lowestpopula
16、tiondensity(8.4%)Capital:Edinburgh.(3)WalessmallestontheislandofGB(8.5%).4.9%Capital:Cardiff(4)Northern Irelandthesmallest(5.7%,2.9%)Capital:Belfast.1.1.5ComponentsEdinburgh,Edinburgh,capital of Scotlandcapital of ScotlandCardiff,Cardiff,capital of Walescapital of WalesEnglandEnglandScotlandScotland
17、WalesWalesRepublic Republic of Irelandof IrelandNorthernNorthern Ireland IrelandLondon,London,capital of capital of EnglandEnglandBelfast,Belfast,capital ofcapital of Northern Ireland Northern IrelandDublin,Dublin,capital of capital of Republic of IrelandRepublic of IrelandFlag:Cross of St. George N
18、ational Day:23 April (St. Georges Day)Area:130,281 sq km Population:50,762,900 (2006) Nationality :English and British Climate:Temperate; moderated by prevailing southwest winds over the North Atlantic CurrentCapital City:LondonMajor Cities:Birmingham, Leeds, Liverpool, Manchester, SheffieldOfficial
19、 Language:EnglishOfficial Animal LionFlag:Cross of St. Andrew National Day:30 November (St. Andrews Day)Area:77,925 sq kmPopulation:5,116,900 (2006)Capital City:EdinburghMajor Cities:Aberdeen, Dundee, GlasgowOfficial Language:English (Scottish Gaelic is spoken by 1.4 percent of the population)Highes
20、t point:Ben Nevis (1,343 m)Official AnimalUnicornTheScottishHighlandersconsiderthemselvesthe“true”Scots,andtheyweartheirnationaldress,thekilt,withpride.Kiltsarepleatedskirts(百褶裙)madeofmaterialwithasquared,coloreddesigncalledatartan(格子花呢）.TheyprobablyderivefromthecostumeoftheRomanconquerors.EachScott
21、ishclan(tribe)hasitsowntartanwithspecificcolorsanddesignandonlymembersofthatclanareentitledtowearit. KiltWalesv WalesissmallerthanEnglandandScotland.Itis240kilometersfromnorthtosouthand185kilometersfromeasttowestatitswidestpart.Itsareais20,776squarekilometers,lessthan9%withapopulationof2,965,900,abo
22、ut4.9%ofthewhole.ItisboundedonthenorthbytheIrishSea,onthewestbySt.GeorgesChannel,andonthesouthbytheBristolChannel.IntheeastitbordersanumberofEnglishcounties.vThecapitalofWalesisCardiff.Cardiffisonlyasmallcitywithanareaof120squarekilometersandapopulationof300,000.Abouttwo-thirdsofWalesspopulationlive
23、sinthesouth.Flag:Red dragon on a green and white field.National Day:1 March (St. Davids Day)Area:20,732 sq kmPopulation:2,965,900 (2006) Capital City:CardiffMajor Cities:Caerphilly, Newport, SwanseaOfficial Language:English and WelshOfficial Animal DragonNorthern IrelandvThis part is the smallest pa
24、rt with an area of about 14,160 square kilometers and a population of about 1,702,600 (2003 estimate). Northern Ireland constitutes about 17 percent of the land area of Ireland and has 31 percent of the islands population. The rest of the island is occupied by the Republic of Ireland. The capital of
25、 Northern Ireland is Belfast.Flag:Cross of St. PatrickNational Day:17 March (St. Patricks Day)Area:13,576 sq kmPopulation:1,741,600 (2006) Capital City:BelfastOfficial Language:English and Irish123456The UKScotlandGreat BritainEnglandBritish IslesWales1.2 TopographyEngland:itconsistsoflowlandterrain
26、,withsomemountainousterraininthenorth-west,northandsouth-west.Scotland:Itsgeographyisvaried,withlowlandsinthesouthandeastandhighlandsinthenorthandwest.Wales:Itsmostlymountainous.SouthWalesislessmountainousthanNorthandMidWales.NorthernIreland:Itsmostlyhilly.Geographic featurevThe north and west of Br
27、itain are mainly highlands; and the east and southeast are mostly lowlands（Highland zone & Lowland zone）vChief mountain ranges: the Pennies（奔宁山脉） in the south (England), the Cambrians in the west, (Wales) and the Grampians（格兰扁山脉） in the north (Scotland)vThe Grampians: the largest mountain range in t
28、he UKScotlandLanguage:English,GaelicNorthernHighlands,CentralLowlands,andSouthernUplandsGrampianMountainsThePeakisBenNevis(本尼维斯)whichis1,343metershigh.Ben Nevis is the highest mountain in Britain (1,343m).(Scotland)WalesTheCambrianMountainRange(坎布里安山脉)coversmostofWalesandisthesecondhighestmountainin
29、Britain.ItshighestpeakisSnowdonwhichis1085metershigh.TheCambrianMountainRangeisthesecondhighestMountaininBritain.Mt. Snowdon斯诺登峰斯诺登峰 is the highest mountain in Wales.EnglandvTheCumbrianMountainRangeisthethirdhighestmountaininBritain.vItliesinnorthwestofEnglandandthepeakofScafellis977metershigh.vTheL
30、akeDistrict(英格兰湖区)isinstitutedintheCumbrianMountainRange.vThisareaisbeautifulandquietandtheLakepoetsoncelivedintheLakeDistrict .PenniesvThePennies（奔宁山脉）isakindofupland”Sincethe19thcentury,ithasbeencalledthe“backboneofEngland”,whichstretchesabout120kilometersfromtheScottishbordertoDerby-shire.vThehig
31、hestpointofthePenniesisCrossFellwhichis893metershigh.PenninesvBackboneofEnglandvInnorthernEnglandandsouthernScotland1.3 Rivers and LakesvThemostimportantriverinBritainandthesecondlongestriver:Thames(338kilometerslong)泰晤士河vThelongestriver:TheSevernRiver(塞文河),risesinnortheastWalesandflowsthroughcentra
32、lEnglandtotheBristolChannel(布里斯托尔海峡).vItis355KilometerslongandistheLongestriverinBritainvThelargestLake:LoughNeagh(NorthernIreland)ThamesDept.of Foreign StudiesDept.of Foreign StudiesvTheClydeRiver(克莱德河)isthemostimportantriverinScotlandandisabout170km.vItflowsthroughthethirdlargestcityofGlasgow(格拉斯哥
33、).vTheForthRiver(福斯河)isflowingthroughtheScottishCapital-Edinburgh.River Clyde is the most important river in Scotland. LakeDistrictTheLakeDistrictisapopularholidaydestinationinnorth-westEnglandandnorthWales,famousforitslakesanditsmountains(orfells),anditsassociationswiththeearly19thcenturypoetryandw
34、ritingsofWilliamWordsworthandtheLakePoets. LoughNeagh内伊湖vWithanareaof392squarekilometres,itisthelargestlakeintheBritishIslesvAnoldIrishstorytellshowtheLoughwasformedwhenIrelandslegendarygiantFinn McCoolscoopedupaportionofthelandandtosseditataScottishrival.Hemissed,andthechunkofearthlandedintheIrishS
35、ea,thuscreatingtheIsleofMan.Loch Ness尼斯湖尼斯湖vlargestinScotland(56.4km)v300mdeepvLochNessmonsterNessieClimatevBritain is an island country and the surrounding sea gives England a varied climate. vWe never know what the weather will be like from one day to the other. It can be sunny one day and rainy t
36、he next. As we have such a variable climate changing from day to day, it is difficult to predict the weather. Dept.of Foreign StudiesvTemperate Climate/favorable maritime climatevThe overall climate in England is called temperate maritime. This means that it is mild with temperatures not much lower
37、than 0C in winter and not much higher than 32C in summer. It also means that it is damp and is subject to frequent changes. vfavorable maritime climate- winters are mild, not too cold and summers are cool, not too hot, and it has a steady reliable rainfall the whole year. Dept.of Foreign StudiesQuestions for after-class reviewv1. Describe the geographical position (features) of Britain.v2. Seven River/the Thames/Ben Nevis/ Lough Neagh/ River Clyde/Snowdoniav3. Tell the characteristics of Britains climate.
