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1、The Attributive ClauseWhich one is Harry Porter ?The boy is Harry Porter Which one is Harry Porter ?The boy _ is Harry Porter .who is wearing glasses定语从句定语从句概念概念:在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子. (在句子中作在句子中作定语定语) (Attributive clause)Harry Porter is a smart boy.Harry Porter is a boy who has magic power
2、.形容词作定语形容词作定语句子作定语句子作定语,修饰修饰boy, 叫做叫做定语从句定语从句先来看几个相关术语先来看几个相关术语1.定语定语2.定语从句定语从句3.先行词先行词4.关系词关系词1.定语：定语：定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词的，是对定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词的，是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用汉语中常用的的表示。表示。 a clever boy The boiling waterFallen leavesThe man who you are looking for2.定语从句定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句。
3、：修饰某一名词或代词的从句。.Do you know the man who came to see Xiao Yang this morning? 3.先行词先行词：4.关系词：关系词：关系代词关系代词that, which, who, whom, whose, as关系副词关系副词where, when, why等。等。关系词常有关系词常有3个作用：个作用：1，引导定语从句。，引导定语从句。2，代替先行词。，代替先行词。3，在定语从句中担当一个成分。，在定语从句中担当一个成分。被修饰的名词或代词叫被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词先行词；引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，引导定语从句的关联词称为关系
4、词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词。 The man who lives next to us is a policeman.先行词先行词_ 关系词关系词_ 定语从句定语从句结构：结构： 先行词先行词 + 关系词关系词 + 句子句子 分析此句： The students who do not study hard will not pass the exam.找出定语从句找出定语从句,先行词先行词,关系词及其在从句中充当的成分关系词及其在从句中充当的成分1.She is the old woman whom I saw this morning.2. Mary is t
5、he girl whose parents work in Japan.3. Is this the key which you are looking for?4.October 1, 1949 is the day when New China was founded.5.This is the house where the great man was born.6. I dont know the reason why she looks unhappy today._找出下列句子的先行词，引导词和定语从句：找出下列句子的先行词，引导词和定语从句：The student who ans
6、wered the question was John. The boy who you are talking to is my brother. Here is the man who you want to see.The book that was on the desk was bought by my father. The book which I bought yesterday is very interesting.He was proud, which his brother never was. Id like a room whose window looks out
7、 over the sea. I still remember the days which we spent together. I dont believe the reason that he gave me. The man to whom you spoke was a scientist.The man who you spoke to was a scientist.Toms father, who arrived just now, is a famous scientist.Those who are not fit for their work should leave o
8、ffice at once. Join the following sentences:A plane is a machine. The machine can fly.A plane is can fly.关系代词的实质关系代词的实质the machinea machinethat /whichThe lady is Green. We saw her yesterday. herThe lady we saw yesterday is Green Who/that关系代词实际上代替的就是先行词关系代词实际上代替的就是先行词三、关系代词（who, whom, which, that, wh
9、ose）的指代关系指人指人指物指物主语主语 (宾语宾语)定语定语WhoWhomWhichthatwhoseWhich Which 指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时，可省略。作宾语时，可省略。 These are the trees which were planted last year. The car（which） he is driving is made in Japan. He is the man (that) I told you about. T That hat 指人或物，在定语从句中作主语或宾指人或物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语
10、时，可省略。语。作宾语时，可省略。A plane is a machine that can fly.thatThatThat和和whichwhich都可以指物，均可在句中作都可以指物，均可在句中作主语和宾语。作宾语时均可省略，在很主语和宾语。作宾语时均可省略，在很多场合中可以互换。多场合中可以互换。共同点共同点The movie (which) I watched last week made me cry.The movie (that) I watched last week made me cry.考点一：考点一：差别在一些较为特殊的场合中，在一些较为特殊的场合中，whichwhich
11、和和thatthat又具有各自的用法，不能混用。又具有各自的用法，不能混用。关系代词引导的关系代词引导的非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句修饰前面整修饰前面整个句子时，一般用个句子时，一般用whichwhich, ,不用不用thatthat。（20112011全全国国卷卷IIII第第7 7题题）Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a T-shirt, _ is a stupid thing to do in such weather.A. this B. that C. what D. which（10四四川川卷卷第第101
12、0题题）After graduating from college, I took some time off to go traveling， _ turned out to be a wise decisionAthat Bwhich Cwhen DWhere 只能用只能用which的情况的情况That 答案：答案：B答案：答案：D当当关系代词前有关系代词前有介词介词，即介词提前时，指人只用，即介词提前时，指人只用whomwhom, , 指物只用指物只用whichwhich，不用不用thatthat。（2011浙浙江江卷卷第第8 8题题）English is a language shar
13、ed by several diverse cultures, each of _ uses it somewhat differently.A. which B. what C. them D. those答案：答案：A（1010浙江第浙江第3 3题题）The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people, many of _left their village homes for a better life in the city.Awhom BwhichCthem DthosePSPS：当介词位于定语从句末尾时，指物时既可用：当介词位于定语从句末尾时
14、，指物时既可用 which也可用也可用that。Is this the play _ you were talking about just now?(which/that)当先行词为当先行词为all, one, few, little, no, some, anyall, one, few, little, no, some, any等词，或等词，或 everything, nothing, nobody, noneeverything, nothing, nobody, none等等不定代词时。如：不定代词时。如：（10湖北77）My mother was so proud of all
15、_（我所做的）that she rewarded me with a trip to Beijing. (do)答案：that I had done只能用that的情况Which （10全国16）I refuse to accept the blame for something _was someone elses fault.A. who B. that C. as D. whatWhich 如果先行词被如果先行词被形容词最高级修饰形容词最高级修饰时，时，关系代词常用关系代词常用that, ,不用不用which。如：。如： The TV tower is the highest build
16、ing that has been built in this country.当先行词被当先行词被first, second等等序数词序数词修饰时修饰时, ,一般只用一般只用thatthat。如：。如：The first gift that I received will be my best memory.This is the fifth novel that I have read. 当主句中的先行词为当主句中的先行词为who或或which时，关系代词只能用时，关系代词只能用that。如：。如：Who _ you have ever known can do this job bett
17、er?Which is the machine that we used last Sunday?that当主句的先行词当主句的先行词既指人又指物时，时，只能用只能用that来引导来引导。如：Ive never heard of the people and things that you talked about just now.当主句中当主句中先行词被先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last等等修饰时，一般只用修饰时，一般只用thatthat。如：。如：This is the very book that belongs to him.This
18、 is the last play that I would like to watch.exercise1. Her bag ,in _ she put all her money, has been stolen.A. that B. whom C. where D. which2. A victim is a person, animal or thing _ suffers pain, death, harm, etc.A. which B. why C. when D. that3. Who is the girl _ is standing under the tree?A. wh
19、en B. as C. that D. which4. Everything _ we saw in this film was true. A. which B. that C. who D. whom5. Jim passed the driving test, _ surprised everybody in the office.A. which B. that C. this D. it小 结当当主主句句中中的的先先行行词词指指物物时时，究究竟竟是是使使用用whichwhich还还是是thatthat须须根根据据具具体体情情况况而而定定。在在大大多多数数情情况况下下，二二者者可可以以
20、互互换换。但但是是在在少少数数特特殊殊情情况况下下，它它们们有有各各自自不不同同的的用用法法，不不能能混混淆淆使使用用。WhichWhich和和thatthat的的辨析是常见考点，需要多加注意。辨析是常见考点，需要多加注意。 who指人指人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。在定语从句中作主语或宾语。 作宾语时，可省略。作宾语时，可省略。The man (who) I talked with is our teacher.A person who steals things is called a thief.whom指人指人, ,在定语从句中作宾语，可省略在定语从句中作宾语，可省略。 The man
21、 (whom) I nodded to is Mr. Li.who, whomwhose 在定语从句中作在定语从句中作定语，定语，表示引导词表示引导词与与 whose 后的名词为所属关系。后的名词为所属关系。 whose多指人，也可指物，指物时可与多指人，也可指物，指物时可与 of which互换使用。互换使用。This is the book .Its cover is blue.This is the book .Its cover is blue.This is the girl. Her parents are doctors.This is the girl whose parent
22、s are doctors.This is the book whose/of which the cover is blue.Eg:1.He is such a man _ never tells a lie. 2. He is the model worker _we should learn from. 3. A dictionary is a book_ often helps us to know the meanings of the words. 4. This is the film _I like best. 5. The boy _father is a professor
23、 is one of my best friends. 6. The house _roof was blown away by the storm will be rebuilt soon.who(whom/who) which/that(that/which)whosewhose(which/ that)who/ thatwhosewhich/ that7.I have a friend _ likes listening to the classical music.8.Yesterday Emily was wearing the new dress _ I gave her.9.Th
24、e man _ leg broke in a match used to be a good football player.10.Kate is reading a book _ is too difficult for her.AS引导的定语从句考点二：关系代词考点二：关系代词 as 的用法的用法 the same as 表示表示同一类同一类人或物；人或物； the same that 指指同一个同一个人或物人或物1.直接引导定语从句直接引导定语从句: 作用相当于作用相当于which He was late, as / which is often the case. 2.与与such 连
25、用连用, 引起定语从句引起定语从句 There are no such writers as you mention. It gave him such a shock that his face turned white. 3.与与same 连用连用, 引起定语从句引起定语从句 如此如此 以至于以至于 This is the same pen _I lost yesterday. A. as B. that C.the one D. A&B D比较：比较：.the same pen as I lost. . the same pen that I lost.表示这支笔与我不见的那支很像，不一
26、定就是表示这支笔与我不见的那支很像，不一定就是则表示这支笔就是我不见的那支则表示这支笔就是我不见的那支 Eg:4. as 与与 which 的区别的区别as 在从句中作主语时，后面常接在从句中作主语时，后面常接行为动词的行为动词的被动语态，被动语态，如如 be known， be said，be reported 等等 如从句中如从句中行为动词是主动语态行为动词是主动语态，一般要用，一般要用which作主语。作主语。1) She has been late again, _ was expected.2) Tom has made great progress, _ made us happy
27、.aswhichas we have seen,as is known to all, as anybody can see, as was expected, as you know, as we can imagine, as has been pointed out As 用于非限制性定语从句，常见以下用于非限制性定语从句，常见以下句型句型 1. _ was natural, he married Jenny. A. Which B. That C. This D. As2. Such signs _ we use in the experiment _Greek letters. A.
28、 as, are B. as, is C. that, are D. that, is3. She is very good at dance, _ everybody knows. A. that B. where C. who D. as4. _ has been said above, grammar is a set of dead rules. A. Which B. What C. That D. As5. We do the same work _ they do. A. which B. as C. than D. like考点三考点三:什么情况下用什么情况下用 who 不用不
29、用 that？ 先行词是人称代词时，如：先行词是人称代词时，如： Hewho just heard the news of his fathers deathburst into tears. 定语从句三步：定语从句三步：第一找出先行词第一找出先行词第二看先行词在定语从句中的第二看先行词在定语从句中的 语法功能（做主语、宾语语法功能（做主语、宾语 表语、定语表语、定语或状语）或状语）第三选择合适的关系词第三选择合适的关系词专题专练专题专练1. Do you think such a place _ you speak of is worth visiting?2.He promised to
30、come to see me on purpose on Sunday, _ I doubt very much. 3. There is a lake near our schoolyard, _ depth is out of your expectation. 4. -Do you have anything in mind _ youd like for supper?5.- Well, anything is Ok for me. 6.5. The house in _ he used to live has turned into a library. as which whose
31、 that which = the lakes 6. Students in our school, most of _ are from the south of China, enjoy rice very much.7. _ is often the case, teachers in our school usually return to school on Sunday evenings. 8. Which is the road _ leads to the village _ you were born?9. The newcomer is from Jiangxi, _ I
32、can tell from his accent. whom As that where which 1.This is all_I know about the matter. A.that B.what C.who D.whether2.Is there anything else_you want? A.which B.that C.who D.what3.The last place _we visited was the Great Wall. A.which B.that C.where D. itChoose the best answers:4. Please take the
33、 second chair_is over there. A. where B. which C. who D. that 5.Is oxygen the only gas _ helps fire burn? A. that B./ C.which D.it 6.Finally, the thief handed everything _ he had stolen to the police（NMET98) A. which B. what C. whatever D. that 7. All of the flowers now raised here have developed fr
34、om those _ in the forest. A. once the grew B. they grew once C. that once grew D. once grew.8. I dont like _ you speak to her. A. the way B. the way in that C. the way which D. the way of which9. The weather turned out to be very good, _ was more than we expected. A. what B. which C. that D. it10. H
35、e paid the boy $10 for washing ten Windows, most of _ hadnt been cleaned for ten years. A. these B. those C. that D. which 1. I have a friend _ likes listening to classical music.who/thatwhich/thatwhose3. The man _ leg broke in a match used to be a football player.2. Yesterday Emily was wearing the
36、new dress _ I gave her.4. My parents live in a house_ is more than 100 years old.5. The boy with _ John spoke is my brother.which/thatwhom6. Kevin is reading a book _ is too difficult for him.which/that7. Is there anything _ you want to buy in the town.8.All _ we can do is to study hard.9. The first
37、 one _ stands up is a little boy.thatthatthat1.这就是救了那个孩子命的医生这就是救了那个孩子命的医生.This is the doctor who saved the boys life.2.正在跑步的那个人是我的叔叔正在跑步的那个人是我的叔叔.The man who is running is my uncle.3. 我喜欢可以随之而唱的音乐我喜欢可以随之而唱的音乐. I like the music that I can sing along with.4. 住在隔壁的那个女的是一名教师住在隔壁的那个女的是一名教师. The woman who lives next door is a teacher.Thank you！
