《古生代新元古代晚期造山型金矿课件》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《古生代新元古代晚期造山型金矿课件（42页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、Part III) Paleozoic/late Neoprot Orogenic Au古生代古生代/新元古代晚期造山型金新元古代晚期造山型金矿矿Terra Australis OrogenTerra Australis 造山带造山带 Series of N-S Pz fold belts一系列南北向古生代褶皱带一系列南北向古生代褶皱带80 Moz Au 80百万盎司金百万盎司金Veining & defm=ca. 440 Ma脉和变形脉和变形 = 大约大约440百万年百万年LachlanThomsonHodgkinson-Broken RiverNew England (Permo-Tr)T
2、he Tasmanides inEastern Australia: Au-Rich Pz Fold Belts & Younger Cover 澳大利亚东部的塔斯曼域：富金澳大利亚东部的塔斯曼域：富金的古生代褶皱带和盖层的古生代褶皱带和盖层Lode Gold Deposits, Tasman Fold Belt塔斯曼褶皱带中的造山带型金矿床Westland, South Island南部岛屿，西岸南部岛屿，西岸Eastern Gondwana东冈瓦纳东冈瓦纳PALEOZOIC ANTARCTICA古生代南极洲古生代南极洲EASTERN CORDILLERA:A POTENTIAL WORLD
3、-CLASS OROGENIC GOLD PROVINCE?东科迪科迪嘞拉：拉：一个潜在的世界一个潜在的世界级的造山型金的造山型金矿省？省？Paleozoic Gold 古生代金矿古生代金矿7 Moz prod.100 Moz100 Moz250 Moz150 MozGOLD DEPOSITSOF ARABIAN-NUBIAN SHIELDARABIAN-NUBIAN地盾金地盾金矿100 Moz in ancient times储量曾达量曾达100 MozAlmost all orogenic gold几乎全几乎全为造山型金造山型金矿Microcontinents off Rodinia an
4、d GondwanaDistinct ore-forming events during 600-250 Ma growth of Asia古特提斯洋古特提斯洋Rodinia和和Gondwana古古陆陆之外的微之外的微陆块陆块600-250 Ma独特的成独特的成矿矿事事件件亚亚洲大洲大陆陆的生的生长长中中亚造山造山带Early-Middle PaleozoicOn Craton Margins of Siberia=Oldest Gold in Asia位于西伯利位于西伯利亚克拉通克拉通边缘的早中古生代金的早中古生代金矿是是亚洲最老的金洲最老的金矿Olympiada760-720 Ma?, 5
5、12 Ma? East Sayan500-450 MaBaikal450-440 Ma? 345 Ma?Tectonic Setting for Orogenic Gold造山带金矿构造背景造山带金矿构造背景古特提斯洋古特提斯洋E. Pz. orogenic gold deposits of NW Kazakhstan=accretion onto Kazakstania哈沙克斯坦西北部早古生代造山型金哈沙克斯坦西北部早古生代造山型金矿床床=哈哈萨克大克大陆的增生作用的增生作用(after Windley et al, 2007; Seltmann, 2010)Microcontinents
6、off GondwanaDistinct ore-forming eventsChina Cratonic Blocks about 350 MaSouth Margin of North China as it Migrated Across the OceanW. Qinling gold province=110-103oE (400-300 Ma collision)Qilian gold province=only along NW edge (380-360 Ma collision)Enkelmann et al, 2007Qilian Belt 祁祁连带Au in N Qili
7、an Ord vx and N Qaidam Mesoprot phyllite 北祁北祁连奥陶奥陶纪yx和柴北和柴北缘中元古代千枚中元古代千枚岩中的金岩中的金Superterrane accreted ca. 380-360 Ma (Xiao et al, 2009) 超超级地地块增生增生Hanshan=60 t Au, 220 Ma (Mao et al, 2000); Tanjianshan=50 t Au, 275 Ma (Zhang et al, 2009)西秦岭金西秦岭金矿带（ （210-170 Ma Au） ）Yangshan Gold Belt 阳山金阳山金矿带Anba dep
8、osit, 281 t Au (largest in China?)Both disseminated and vein ores in Devonian phylliteGeochron conflicting from 197-51 Ma安安坝金金矿， ，281吨金（中国最大？）吨金（中国最大？）都是位于泥盆都是位于泥盆纪千枚岩中的千枚岩中的细脉侵染脉侵染状状矿体体地地质年代学年代学变化于化于197-51 MaPERMO-TR. NAPANJING BASIN 二叠-三叠纪南盘江盆地 Carlin-like deposits in SW China and NE Vietnam中国西南部及
9、中国西南部及Vietnam东北部北部类卡林型卡林型矿床床Dian-Qian-Gui province滇滇-黔黔-贵省省Au-Sb-Hg ores in Perm-Tr domes with carbonate coresAu-Sb-Hg矿位于核位于核部部为碳酸碳酸盐的二叠的二叠-三叠三叠纪穹窿中穹窿中Ores perhaps 200 Ma成成矿于于约200 MaCentral Asian Orogenic Gold Giants中亚造山带超大的造山带型金矿中亚造山带超大的造山带型金矿Permian orogenic gold belts 二叠二叠纪造山型金造山型金矿带2 major belts
10、 of orogenic Au: Kalba and South Tien Shan两条主要的造山型金两条主要的造山型金矿带：Kalba和南天山和南天山Geologic reconstruction based on Filippova et al. (2001) and Yakubchuk (2002).L. Pz. orogenic gold deposits of NE Kazakhstan=accretion onto Siberia(after Windley et al, 2007; Seltmann, 2010)Kalba Prov.向西伯利向西伯利亚的增生作用造就的增生作用造就
11、了哈了哈萨克斯坦克斯坦东北部晚古生北部晚古生代造山型金代造山型金矿床床after Yakubchuk et al (2005)Most outboard deposits: ca. 285 Ma for 5000 kmUzbekistan orogenic gold 乌兹别克斯坦造山型金克斯坦造山型金矿after Drew et al (1998); Yakubchuk et al (2005)Muruntau (W. Tien Shan)Muruntau（西天山）（西天山）Early Pz carbonaceous siltstone; dissem. pyrrhotite; 20-50 p
12、pb Au?Mid Pz metamorphism; carb platform to NLate Carb.-Permian magmatism/defmtn/ gold ( 285 Ma)175 Moz Au; 3.5-5 g/t; PGE produced早古生代含碳粉砂岩; 浸染状磁黄铁矿 20-50 ppb Au（？）古生代中期变质作用，向北为碳酸盐台地晚石炭二叠纪岩浆活动及变形作用，金矿形成( 285 Ma)175百万盎司金； 3.5-5 g/t; 还有PGEApproximately 6 kilometresMURUNTAU: Why So Large?穆穆龙套：套：为何如此之大
13、？何如此之大？Approximately 6 kilometresApproximately 300m deepMajor jog in South TS-Central TS suture?中南天山中南天山缝合合带的主要交的主要交汇处？Carbonate platform rocks (e.g., Carlin processes)?碳酸碳酸盐台地（如卡林型？）台地（如卡林型？）Besopan sediments originally gold rich?沉沉积围岩富金？岩富金？Kumtor (E. Tien Shan) 东天山东天山Kumtor矿矿Vendian carbonaceous
14、phyllites (Dzhetymtau Fm) Vendian 含碳千枚岩Late Pz mineralization ( 297-284 Ma argon dates) 晚古生代矿化（ 297-284 Ma 氩氩年龄）Veins, stockworks, breccia 脉形，网脉型，角砾岩型570 t Au, 3.58 g/tAlong major offset & sheared batholith margin 沿主要断裂带及剪切变形的岩基边缘分布Fine gold in pyrite黄铁矿中的纯金Hg-Sb depositXafter Sengor and Natalin 199
15、6Hg-Sb Lodes Southern Tian Shan南天山南天山Hg-Sb矿脉脉 Late Pz orogenic belts between Angaran/Yili/Tarim cratons Angaran、Yili和和 Tarim 克拉通之间的克拉通之间的晚古生代造山带晚古生代造山带 Altay Shan: Dev Fe-Cu-Zn VMS, Carb-Perm orogenic Au, placers 阿尔泰山：泥盆纪阿尔泰山：泥盆纪Fe-Cu-Zn VMS型，石炭型，石炭-二叠造山带型金二叠造山带型金矿、砂金矿矿、砂金矿 W Junggar: L. Carb orogen
16、ic Au 西准葛尔：晚石炭造山带型金矿西准葛尔：晚石炭造山带型金矿 E. Junggar: E. Carb epithermal, Carb-Perm orogenic Au东准葛尔：早石炭浅成热液，石炭东准葛尔：早石炭浅成热液，石炭-二叠造山带型金矿二叠造山带型金矿 Tian Shan: Carb-Perm epithermal, porphyry, & replacement 天山：石炭天山：石炭-二叠浅成热液，斑岩型和交代型矿床二叠浅成热液，斑岩型和交代型矿床Phanerozoic Goldfields 显生宙采金区生宙采金区Precambrian Orogenic Gold 前寒武前
17、寒武纪造山型金造山型金矿BoringBillion Granite (30%) - greenstone (10%); high-grade gneiss terrains (60%) 花岗岩花岗岩(30%) 绿岩绿岩(10%); 高品位片麻岩地体中高品位片麻岩地体中(60%) Greenstone belts = broad greenschist facies 绿岩带广泛的绿片岩相绿岩带广泛的绿片岩相 Plate tectonics (plume-driven?) vs. anorogenic tectonics; lateral vs. vertical growth 板块构造（地幔柱驱
18、动？）还是非造山；侧向生长还是垂向生长板块构造（地幔柱驱动？）还是非造山；侧向生长还是垂向生长 Crustal heat production = 2x-4x present 地壳热产率是目前的地壳热产率是目前的24倍倍 Tectono metamorphic ages decrease with structural level 构造变质年龄随构造层下降而减少构造变质年龄随构造层下降而减少 Late Archean = 50% cont. crust 晚太古代：晚太古代：50大陆地壳大陆地壳ArcheanGold Preserved in Cratons克拉通中保存克拉通中保存的太古宙金矿的
19、太古宙金矿 NA/Greenland +/- central Australia, Africa/SA. N. Asia 63% gneiss, 12% plutonic, 25% metasupracrustal (mostly gs) Supracrustal = turbidites and greestone belts (Churchill, Guyanas, Birimian) Stable shelf facies; uplift and erosion of shelves/Archean cratons Paleoproterozoic= 25% cont. crustPal
20、eoprot.Gold古元古代古元古代金金矿after Zhao et al. (2004), Teixera et al. (2007)Paleoprot. Orogenic Au(2.1-1.8 Ga) 早元古造山带型金矿早元古造山带型金矿Cratonization = Buoyant SCML克拉通化克拉通化=上浮的次大上浮的次大陆岩石圈地幔岩石圈地幔SCLM depleted in Fe & Al, so lighter than surrounding mantle SCLM亏损Fe和和Al，因此比周，因此比周围的地幔的地幔轻SCLM has melt-depleted perido
21、tite buoyancy so balances isostatic equilibrium (i.e., still dense enough to prevent significant uplift)TECTONIC RECONSTRUCTION OF RODINIA: EVIDENCE OF PHANEROZOIC-STYLE PLATE TECTONICS BY 1.7 Ga BUT NO GOLDRodinia超大超大陆重建：重建：类似似显生宙板生宙板块运运动的的证据（据（1.7 Ga），但没有形成金），但没有形成金Precambrian Orogenic Gold前寒武纪造山带金矿前寒武纪造山带金矿BoringBillion 乏味的乏味的10亿年亿年Phanerozoic Goldfields显生宙金矿田显生宙金矿田TEMPORAL DISTRIBUTION OF OROGENIC GOLD DEPOSITS: A STRONG REFLECTION OF TECTONIC AND LITHOSPHERIC EVOLUTION造山型金造山型金矿的的时间分布：与构造及岩石圈演化密切相关分布：与构造及岩石圈演化密切相关
