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1、专题十二动词的语态-2-3-4-考点1考点2一般时态的被动语态 1.(2017广东中考)Thewaitertoldmethatfreeparkingforthehotelguests.A.providesB.provided C.willbeprovided D.wasprovided【解析】D考查动词的被动语态。宾语从句的主语freeparking与动词provide存在被动关系,应用被动语态,排除A与B两项;又根据前面told可知此空用一般过去时的被动语态。故选D。-5-考点1考点22.(2017河北中考)HangzhouastheCityofSilk.Touristslikeshoppi
2、ngforsilkthere.A.knowsB.isknown C.wasknownD.willbeknown【解析】B考查被动语态的用法。句意:杭州丝绸之城。旅游者喜欢到那里购物。结合句意,可知应该用被动语态;根据下句的语境可知为一般现在时态。故选B。3.(2017乐山中考)Itsnotyourturnyet.Pleasewaitonthechairoverthereuntilyou.A.arecallingB.havecalled C.arecalled【解析】C考查被动语态。句意:还没轮到你,请在那边的椅子上等一等直到有人喊你。you与谓语动词call是被动关系,故用一般现在时的被动语态
3、。故选C。-6-考点1考点24.(2017天津中考)LetswaitandseewhetherbooksbytheInternetinthefuture.A.replaceB.replaced C.willbereplaced D.werereplaced【解析】C考查动词的被动语态。句意:咱们等着瞧(看看)未来书是否被因特网所取代。根据句中的inthefuture,可知该题是一般将来时;其次books与replace之间是被动关系,因此本题是一般将来时的被动语态。故选C。-7-考点1考点25.(2017安徽中考)Mr.GreentosinganEnglishsongatthepartyand
4、hesangwell.A.wasinvitedB.invitedC.isinvited D.invites【解析】A考查动词语态辨析。句意:Mr.Green受邀在这次聚会上唱了英语歌曲,并且他唱得很好。由句意知,句子的主语Mr.Green是动词invite的承受者,应用被动语态表达,排除B、D;从后一分句sang知,“受邀”的动作已经发生过,应用一般过去时态表达,排除C。故选A。-8-考点1考点26.(2017随州中考)Yourbedroomissoclean.Ofcourse.Iteveryday.A.cleans B.cleanedC.iscleanedD.wascleaned【解析】C考
5、查被动语态。句意:你的卧室非常干净。当然了,每天都打扫它。主语为it,指的是bedroom,和动作clean有被动关系,结合时间状语everyday可知应用一般现在时,故选C。7.(2017永州中考)ItissaidthatBRT(快速公交系统)inYongzhousoon.A.wasusedB.willbeused C.isused【解析】B考查动词的被动语态。句意:据说快速公交系统很快在永州被使用。根据从句的时间状语soon可知本句应是将来时的被动语态,故选B。-9-考点1考点28.(2017连云港中考)WhydidntyoucometoJennysbirthdaypartyyesterd
6、ay?BecauseI.A.didntinviteB.isntinvitedC.wasntinvitedD.haventinvited【解析】C考查动词的被动语态。句意:昨天你为什么没来参加珍妮的生日聚会呢?。因为我没被邀请。根据上文的didnt可知用过去时,结合句意可知主语I和invite构成被动关系,本题应用一般过去时的被动语态。故选C。-10-考点1考点29.(2017盐城中考)Itisreportedthatabout120foreignsoccerexpertstoteachsoccerschoolstudents.A.invite B.invitedC.tobeinvitedD.w
7、illbeinvited【解析】D考查被动语态。句意:据报道,大约120名外国足球专家将应邀教授足球学校的学生。根据句意,此题应使用被动语态bedone;同时该结构在句中应做谓语,而动词不定式不能够做谓语,故选D。-11-考点1考点210.(2017青岛中考)Teenagershavetobe18yearsoldbeforetheytodriveacar.A.areallowedB.allowedC.willbeallowedD.allow【解析】A考查动词的时态和语态。句意:青少年应在18岁之后被允许开车。根据语境可知,此处表示“被动”,排除B和D;根据句意是对一般常规情况的陈述,不用将来时
8、态,故填areallowed。故选A。-12-考点1考点2一、被动语态的构成被动语态是由“助动词be的适当时态形式+及物动词的过去分词”构成,这里的be有时态的变化。各种不同时态的被动语态构成方法是:一般现在时:主语+助动词be(am,is,are)+及物动词的过去分词一般过去时:主语+助动词be(was,were)+及物动词的过去分词一般将来时:主语+助动词will/be(am,is,are)goingto+be+及物动词的过去分词-13-考点1考点2二、被动语态的几种类型1.由及物动词构成的被动语态由于及物动词可以直接带宾语,因此及物动词可用在被动语态中,它分两种情况:(1)有一个宾语的句
9、子的被动语态,这时可以直接将主动语态的宾语改为被动语态的主语。Mymothermadeacakelastnight.Acakewasmadebymymotherlastnight.我妈妈昨天晚上做了一个蛋糕。-14-考点1考点2(2)某些动词后面可以加双宾语,一个是表示人的间接宾语,另一个是表示物的直接宾语。这时在改为被动语态时,可以将间接宾语改为主语,也可将直接宾语改为主语,不过这时应该在间接宾语前加上介词to或for。Emmagavemeaneraser.IwasgivenaneraserbyEmma.AneraserwasgiventomebyEmma.艾玛给了我一块橡皮。-15-考点1
10、考点22.由不及物动词构成的被动语态由于不及物动词不能直接带宾语,所以只有在不及物动词后面加上介词或副词构成动词短语之后,才能用于被动语态中。在变为被动语态时,不可丢掉动词短语的介词或副词。Shepickedupawalletfromthefloor.Awalletwaspickedupfromthefloorbyher.她从地上拾起一个钱包。-16-考点1考点2三、主动形式表达被动含义英语中,某些主动句式也可以表达被动含义,主要有以下几种情况:1.形容词worth后面加上动名词的主动形式表达被动含义。Thisnoveliswellworthreading.这部小说很值得读。2.在need,w
11、ant,require等动词后往往用动名词的主动形式表达被动含义。Thishouseneedsrepairing.这座房子需要修理了。3.在too.to.结构中,不定式的主动形式表达被动含义。Theplaneistoohightosee.飞机飞得太高了,都看不见了。-17-考点1考点24.形容词easy,difficult,hard,cheap,expensive,fit,nice,dangerous,exciting,funny,heavy,important,good,interesting等后面接不定式作状语时,往往用主动形式表达被动含义。Thistextiseasytoundersta
12、nd.这篇课文容易理解。Theyfoundthequestiondifficulttoanswer.他们发现这个问题很难回答。5.动词不定式作定语时,如果它的逻辑主语是句子的主语或宾语,则可以用主动形式表达被动含义。Theyhavealotofworktodo.他们有很多工作要做。-18-考点1考点26.不及物动词wash,sell,write,read,close,open,wear,catch等往往用主动形式表达被动含义。Theproductsellswell.这种产品很畅销。Thiskindofclothwearswell.这种布耐穿。-19-考点1考点2(B)1.(2017广东一模)T
13、hedogwilldieofcoldandhungerunlessitin.Mybad!Iwilldoitnow.A.letsB.isletC.willletD.willbelet(D)2.(2017广东二模)ThefirstundergroundlibraryinBeijinglastyear.Iveheardthatthee-booksonthetrainbytheNationalLibrary.A.isopened;providedB.isopened;areprovidedC.wasopened;providedD.wasopened;areprovided-20-考点1考点2(C)3
14、.(2017广东三模)DonaldTrunpTimes2016PersonoftheYearonDec.6th,2016.A.namedB.isnamedC.wasnamedD.willbenamed(A)4.Whydidntyouhandinyourhomework,Joe?Didntyoufinishit?Itcompletely,andthenIputitonthetable.Iforgottotakeitwithmetoday.A.wasfinished B.hasfinished C.wasfinishing D.isfinished(D)5.Youanotherdaytomakey
15、ourdecision.A.gaveB.aregiving C.willgiveD.willbegiven(A)6.Toomuchwaterinourlifeeveryday.Weshouldsaveit.A.iswastedB.wastesC.waswastedD.wasted-21-考点1考点2(C)7.Iwanttodosomethingtorelaxmyselfthisweekend.LetsseethefilmTheFateoftheFurious8assoonasit.A.willbeputonB.beputonC.isputonD.wasputon(D)8.JackyCheung
16、isgoingtogiveaconcertinHuizhou.Itnextweek.A.isheldB.washeldC.isholdingD.willbeheld(C)9.ItsreportedthatHongKong-Zhuhai-MacaoBridgein2018.A.builds B.isbuiltC.willbebuiltD.willbuild(D)10.ThedocumentaryUndertheDome(苍穹之下)whichbyChaiJingshowedusthattheairpollutioninChinawasveryserious.A.producesB.produced
17、 C.isproducedD.wasproduced-22-考点1考点2现在完成时及含情态动词的被动语态 1.(2017凉山中考)Mom,canIdrivemyfatherscartothecinema?Noway!Youshouldnottodrive,youdonthaveadriverslicense.A.allow B.allowedC.beallowedD.areallowed【解析】C考查情态动词的被动语态。句意:妈妈,我能开爸爸的车去电影院吗?不行!你不应当被允许开车,你没有驾照。主语“you”是动作的承受者,应当用被动语态;情态动词的被动语态:“情态动词+be+动词的过去分词”
18、。故选C。-23-考点1考点22.(2017岳阳中考)Teenagersdecideforthemselves.A.maybeallowedto B.mayareallowedtoC.maybeallowto【解析】A考查含情态动词的被动语态。句意:青少年可以被允许做决定。含情态动词的被动语态的结构是:情态动词+be+过去分词。故选A。-24-考点1考点23.(2017四川凉山)Mom,canIdrivemyfatherscartothecinema?Noway!Youshouldnottodrive,youdonthaveadriverslicense.A.allow B.allowedC.
19、beallowedD.areallowed【解析】C考查情态动词的被动语态。句意:妈妈,我能开爸爸的车去电影院吗?不行!你不应当被允许开车,你没有驾照。主语“you”是动作的承受者,应当用被动语态;情态动词的被动语态:“情态动词+be+动词的过去分词”。故选C。4.(2016青岛中考)Childrenshouldtobehonestfromayoungage.A.educateB.beeducated C.punishD.bepunished【解析】B考查动词语态。educate意为“教育”;punish意为“惩罚”。句意:孩子们从年幼时就应该被教育要诚实。故选B。-25-考点1考点25.(2
20、016贺州中考)Thetrafficistoobusy.Wehavetodriveslowly.Ithinkmorenewroadsinourcity.A.shouldbebuiltB.shouldbuildC.havebuiltD.build【解析】A考查被动语态。由主语morenewroads与build之间存在被动关系可知用被动语态,故选A。6.(2016西宁中考)Iwanttoborrowthebook,butIdontknowhowlongitmay.Fortwoweeks.A.borrowB.beborrowed C.keep D.bekept【解析】D考查被动语态和延续性动词的用
21、法。句意:我想借这本书,但是我不知道可以借多长时间。两星期。结合语境可知宾语从句中主语是动作的承受者,故用被动语态。选项B表示瞬间动作,不能和表示一段时间的时间状语连用。故选D。-26-考点1考点2一、现在完成时的被动语态现在完成时的被动语态的结构是:主语+助动词have(has)been+及物动词的过去分词Manytreeshavebeenplantedonthehill.山上种了许多树。Alltheworkhasbeenfinishedalready.所有的工作都已经完成了。现在完成时的被动语态表示被动的动作对现在的影响或过去被动的动作延续到现在。Hisbikehasntbeenrepai
22、red.他的自行车还没有修好。-27-考点1考点2二、含情态动词的被动语态含有情态动词的句子,在改为被动语态后应该在情态动词后加上助动词be,其结构为“情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词”。Wecanchangewaterintoice.我们可以把水变成冰。Watercanbechangedintoicebyus.水可以被我们变成冰。Youmusthandinyourpapersafterclass.下课后你们必须把试卷交上。Yourpapersmustbehandedinafterclassbyyou.试卷必须在下课后被你们交上。-28-考点1考点2【注意】某些结构类似被动语态,但实际上是主
23、系表结构。becoveredwith被所覆盖beinterestedin对感兴趣besurprisedat对感到吃惊beknownto为所知beamazedat对感到惊讶befilledwith充满beworriedabout对感到担心-29-考点1考点2主动句中,在感官动词see,hear,watch,feel,notice等及使役动词let,make,have等后跟省略to的不定式,变为被动句时,必须加上不定式符号to。IhearhersinganEnglishsong.我听到她唱了一首英文歌曲。ShewasheardtosinganEnglishsong.她被听到唱了一首英文歌曲。Wes
24、awthemgoupstairs.我们看到他们到楼上去了。Theywereseentogoupstairs.他们被看到去了楼上。-30-考点1考点2(C)1.HowoftendoIneedtofeedmydogChihuahua?Chihuahuaiseasilyhungry.Itfoodeveryday,oritwillbehungry.A.mightbegivenB.shouldgiveC.mustbegivenD.canbegiven(A)2.Thedoorshouldwhenyougoin.A.beshutB.beshutedC.areshuttingD.areshut(B)3.Peo
25、plewhotothepartyareveryexcited.A.haveinvited B.havebeeninvitedC.willinviteD.hasbeeninvited-31-考点1考点2(B)4.Themagazinestothelibraryintwoweeks.A.mustreturnB.mustbereturnedC.returnedD.mustbereturning(A)5.Look!Whatisthatnicebuildingusedfor?Itasahotel,butImnotsure.A.mustbeused B.mustuse C.maybeusedD.mayus
26、e(D)6.Areyougoingtothemeeting?No,becauseIsofar.A.haveinformedB.haventinformedC.havebeeninformed D.haventbeeninformed-32-考点1考点2(C)7.Mum,whereismydress?Oh,it.A.hadbeenwashedB.washedC.hasbeenwashedD.haswashed(C)8.Ithinkwatermustforevercleanbyeveryone.A.keptB.iskeptC.bekeptD.bekeeping-33-【技巧1】依“主谓”而定在解答
27、被动语态题时首先要判断主语和动作的关系,如果主语是动作的执行者,则该句为主动句;如果主语是动作的承受者,则该句为被动句。依据句子意思做出正确选择。【典例透析】(2017莱芜中考)MoreschoolsinLaiwutoprovidechildrenwithbettereducationinafewyears.A.builtB.arebuiltC.werebuiltD.willbebuilt【解析】考查被动语态。分析句子结构可知,主语schools和谓语动词build之间在逻辑上是被动关系,句中的时间状语inafewyears(在几年之后)是表示将来的时间状语,故用一般将来时的被动语态,结构为:
28、willbe+动词的过去分词built。故选D。-34-【技巧2】正确判断时态被动语态离不开时态。考生要牢记各种时态的被动句的结构,不能混淆。依据句子中的时间状语或上下文暗示分析判断句子时态。【典例透析】Whenthelittleboy,hewasveryhungry.A.isfoundB.wasfoundC.hasbeenfoundD.willbefound【解析】题干中的thelittleboy与find之间为被动关系,要用被动语态。由主句为过去时可知,从句也应用一般过去时表达。故选B。-35-【技巧3】熟记感官动词及使役动词的被动结构在see,watch,hear,feel等感官动词和m
29、ake,have,let等使役动词后面作宾语补足语的不定式不带to。但是在被动语态中,不定式的to要还原(let没有被动语态)。这是需要特殊记忆的。感官动词及使役动词的被动语态是中考的一个热点。考生熟记bemadetodo结构,就能应对这类试题。【典例透析】(2016甘肃兰州)Theserulesaremadethedisabled.A.protectB.protectedC.toprotectD.protecting【解析】主动语态中的make,see,watch,hear等后接不定式充当宾补时,需要省略不定式符号to,但是在改为被动语态时,不定式符号to需要还原。故选C。-36-1.Man
30、ystudentsBchancestoshowthemselvesinclassbecausetheclasssizeistoobig.A.dontgiveB.arentgivenC.haventgivenD.wontgive2.KeepreadingEnglisheveryday,yourreadingskillsDquickly.A.improveB.willimproveC.areimprovingD.willbeimproved3.CarshaveinfluencedpeopleslifealotsincetheyA.A.wereinventedB.discoveredC.weredi
31、scoveredD.invented4.EveryoneinourclassAtodosportsasmuchaspossible.A.isencouragedB.encouragesC.areencouragingD.areencouraged-37-5.TheshowwassofunnythateveryoneDlaughagainandagain.A.wasmadeB.madetoC.wasmakingD.wasmadeto6.“IfyourhomeworkC,youcanwatchTVforanhour,”Momsays.A.finishesB.finished C.isfinishe
32、dD.hasfinished7.ToomuchwaterDinourschooleveryday,soweshouldtakeactiontosavewater.A.waswastedB.wastesC.wastedD.iswasted8.TheplanefinallylandedandnotasinglepassengerC.A.killed B.hadkilled C.waskilledD.willbekilled-38-9.PeopleAtosendupfireworksaroundthecentreofthecitylastSpringFestival.A.werentallowedB
33、.wontbeallowedC.arenotallowedD.haventbeenallowed10.IfyouCanotherchancetomorrow,canyoudoitbetter,Lucy?Thatsforsure.Trustme!A.giveB.willgiveC.aregivenD.willbegiven11.ThoughMikeoftenmadehislittlecousinA,todayhewasmadebyhislittlecousin.A.cry;tocryB.crying;cryingC.cry;cryD.tocry;cry12.ImgladtoknowthatJin
34、anMetroLineM3Cnextyear.A.isbuiltB.wasbuilt C.willbebuiltD.built-39-13.TheboyBtostopcheatingintheexam,buthedidntlisten.Oh,theteachermustbeangrywithhim!A.warnedB.waswarnedC.iswarnedD.werewarned14.Doyoulikereadingbooks?Yes.EachofusAtodomorereadingafterclass.A.isencouragedB.areencouragedC.isencouragingD.encourages15.Pickupyourpenanddrawyourowninvention.MaybeitwillDarealproductoneday!A.turnedintoB.turninto C.beturnedD.beturnedinto
