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1、设计思路：本单元的Grammar主要讲的是不定式和动名词的用法。目的在于让学生了解动词不定式在句中的六个主要作用以及否定式、完成式、进行式、一般式被动、完成式被动、不定式复合结构。第二个语法内容是动名词在句中的四个功能和否定式、完成式、一般式被动、完成式被动、动名词复合结构。在课件的开始用一个flash(过山车)作为导入激发学生的兴趣,由此展开对动词不定式的学习。在整个过程中，始终坚持曹老师22字教学法中先练后讲的原则，在实践中由学生自己总结，老师再作适当的补充。作为高二的学生，适当了解一些高考题考查该语法的热点和考点是十分必要的。 Unit 1 Module 4Grammar and usa
2、geTo-infinitive and Verb-ing form as a nounPart 1 To-infinitive 1.to do as a subjectThe cat said, “To take roller coaster is terrible ”. 不不定定式式短短语语作作主主语语时时，可可以以直直接接放放在在句句首首，但但在在很很多多情情况况下下，尤尤其其是是在在疑疑问问句句和和感感叹叹句句中中，往往往往放放在在谓谓语语之之后后，而而用用先先行行代代词词it作作形形式主语。式主语。 The cat said, “Its terrible to take roller
3、coaster.”How long did it take you to take roller coaster?How terrible it is to take roller coaster!不定式作主语常见句型：不定式作主语常见句型： a) It is + adj. (easy, important, difficult) + 不定式不定式b) It is + n. (a pity, a pleasure, ones duty, a shame) + 不定式不定式c) It takes/needs/requires + some time (hours, months, days, p
4、atience) + 不定式不定式It requires patience to be a good teacher.Its my duty to teach you how to be a student of Nanjing No.3 Middle School. 2.to do as a predictiveOur most important task now is to make a plan.当句子的主语是当句子的主语是aim, idea, policy, question, suggestion, wish, task, duty, job, purpose等或等或者主语是者主语
5、是what引导的名词性从句引导的名词性从句时，后面可时，后面可以用不定式做表语，用以说明主语所包含内以用不定式做表语，用以说明主语所包含内容。容。注注：作作表表语语的的不不定定式式都都带带to，但但当当主主语语部部分分有实义动词有实义动词do时，时，to可以省略可以省略。Now the only thing we can do is wait.3.to do as an object The cat said “Remember not to take it next time!” (Tips:不定式否定为不定式否定为not to)a) 可可以以直直接接用用不不定定式式作作宾宾语语的的动动词词
6、很很多多，如如agree, afford, tend, ask, decide, determine, expect, fail, hope, learn, intend, manage, offer, plan, promise, refuse, want, wish2005年年天天津津卷卷12题题：I dont want _ like Im speaking ill of anybody, but the managers plan is unfair.A. to sound B. to be sounded C. sounding D. to have sounded 当不定式短语比宾补
7、长时，往往将当不定式短语比宾补长时，往往将不定式放到宾补后，而用先行代词不定式放到宾补后，而用先行代词it作作 形形 式式 宾宾 语语 ， 常常 用用 动动 词词 有有 feel, think, find, believe, consider, make等。等。The cat felt it terrible to take roller coaster.b) 只有少数介词如只有少数介词如but, except等后面可以跟不定等后面可以跟不定式作宾语。一般情况下作介词宾语的不定式都式作宾语。一般情况下作介词宾语的不定式都带带to，但，但如果如果but或或except所在句子里的谓语动所在句子里
8、的谓语动词含有词含有do, does, did时，通常省略时，通常省略to。We have no choice but to wait.Cf. We can do nothing but wait.4. to do as an object complementYou should get them to help you .(They will help you.)They believed him to be honest.(He was honest.)(常用谓语动词有常用谓语动词有: get,ask,force, order, tell, invite, allow, wish, wa
9、nt,like ,expect,advise , beg等。)但在谓语动词但在谓语动词believe, find , think, feel, consider, suppose, imagine, prove 等后面等后面 跟跟to be作宾补作宾补,不跟不跟to doThe boss made her work long hours. 主语主语 谓语谓语 宾语宾语 宾补宾补She主语主语was made 谓语谓语to work 主补主补long hours (by her boss).2005全国卷全国卷(I)No.18While watching television, _.A. The
10、 doorbell rangB. The doorbell ringsC. We heard the doorbell ringD. We heard the doorbell rings2005福建卷福建卷No.23If anyone happens to drop in while Im out, _ him or her leave a message.A. have B. get C. ask D.tellTips:有些动词后面须接有些动词后面须接不带不带to的不定式做宾语补足语的不定式做宾语补足语,常用的动词有常用的动词有:make,let,have,see; hear,watch,
11、notice,feel; look at, listen to; help, observe 等等,但是句子变成被动语态后但是句子变成被动语态后, 不定式不定式成为句子的主语补足语成为句子的主语补足语,需带需带to.I would rather _ (go) swimming.You had better _ (tidy) your bedroom.Why not _ (visit) your cousin in Japan?gotidyvisitTips:有些句型后面须接有些句型后面须接不带不带to的不定式。的不定式。She told me _(be) cheerful and _(look
12、) on the bright side.We had nothing _(do) but _(watch) TV.to belookto dowatchTips: 当两个不定式当两个不定式and, or, expect, but, than或或rather than连接起来时，第二个不定式连接起来时，第二个不定式符号符号省略。省略。5. to do as an attributive能能带带不不定定式式作作宾宾语语的的动动词词，其其同同源源名名词词可可以带不定式作定语。常见的有以带不定式作定语。常见的有attempt, decision, promise, plan等等He has not
13、kept his promise _(write) to his parents regularly.不不定定式式可可以以在在句句子子充充当当后后置置定定语语，修修饰饰名名词词。以下几类情况常用不定式作定语：以下几类情况常用不定式作定语：She made a decision _(go)abroad for a year.to writeto go常与不定式搭配的形容词，其常与不定式搭配的形容词，其 同源名词一般可以用不定式作定语。同源名词一般可以用不定式作定语。常常 见见 的的 有有 ability, determination, anxiety, eagerness等等His eagern
14、ess to finish his homework was quite clear.序序数数词词,形形容容词词最最高高级级或或被被only, last, next等等修饰的名词可以用不定式作定语。修饰的名词可以用不定式作定语。She was the only person to survive after the earthquake.Tips: 不不定定式式在在作作定定语语时时，有有时时与与被被修修饰饰的的名名词词有有意意义义上上的的主主谓谓关关系系、同同位位关关系系、动动宾宾关关系系，如如果果该该不不定定式式是是不不及及物物动动词词，它它后后面面需需要要加加上上适当介词适当介词。Hes
15、always the first to come and the last to leave. (=The first comes and the last leaves.)(主谓关系主谓关系)I have no time to listen to your excuse. (同位关系同位关系)She has a meeting to attend. （=attend a meeting)Theres nothing to worry about. (=worry about nothing)(动宾关系动宾关系) 6. to do as an adverbial不定式可以作状语，不定式可以作状
16、语， 表示目的、结果、原因、条件等。表示目的、结果、原因、条件等。so as to (不能放句首不能放句首), to, in order to作目的状语作目的状语2005年辽宁卷年辽宁卷22题：题：All these gifts must be mailedimmediately _ in time for Christmas.A.in order to have received B. in order to receive C. so as to be received D. so as to be receiving在在soas to, suchas to, only to 结构中不定式
17、作结构中不定式作结果状语，其中结果状语，其中only to用于表示意想不到的结果。用于表示意想不到的结果。He hurried to the station only _ that the train had gone.A. to find B. finding C. found D. to have foundenough to, tooto结构结构The boy isnt old enough to go to school. = The boy is too young to go to school.形形容容词词（glad, happy , lucky, fortunate, surp
18、rised, angry, anxious, ready, quick, slow, cruel, clever等）等）+ 不定式结构作原因不定式结构作原因状语状语Im glad to meet you.7. 作插入语作插入语，用来说明说话人的，用来说明说话人的态度、看法、对整个句子进行解释，态度、看法、对整个句子进行解释，如如to be frank（坦坦白白地地说说），to be sure（确确实实）等。等。To tell you the truth, I hate you.8. 作同位语作同位语The order to start the general attack soon came.
19、不不定定式式复复合合结结构构:以以it为为形形式式主主语语或或形形式式宾宾语语引引导导的的复复合合结结构构，如如前前面面的的形形容容词词指指行行为为的的性性质质就就用用：for sb. to do sth.这这种种复复合合结结构构在在句句中中可可作主、表、宾、定、状等。作主、表、宾、定、状等。It is necessary for us to go there.(主语主语)There is no need for him to leave.(定语定语)My suggestion is for you to do the job.(表语表语)如如果果该该形形容容词词是是指指行行为为的的性性质质，
20、同同时时又又指指行行为为的的人人，则则用用of sb. to do sth.。这这种种句句式式中中的的 常常 用用 形形 容容 词词 有有 ： right, wrong, brave, careful, careless, clever, wise, stupid, cruel, foolish, good, honest, kind, nice, silly等。等。Its very kind of you to come to see me.It was foolish of him to believe her.I think it wise of her not to accept th
21、eir offer.Tips:连连接接代代（副副）词词+不不定定式式（包包括括whether, what, which, whom, where, when, how, （不不包包括括why/if），在在句句中中起起名名词词作作用用，通通常常跟跟在在tell, know, show, decide, learn, wonder, explain等等动动词后作主、宾或表语。词后作主、宾或表语。No one can tell me where to find John.When to the exam is still unknown.The problem is how to get enoug
22、h money.不定式的进行式、完成式和被动式不定式的进行式、完成式和被动式不不定定式式的的进进行行式式：to be + V-ing, 用用来来表表示示谓谓语语动动词词动动作作发发生生时时，不不定定式式的的动动作作正正在在进进行。行。Some students pretended to be reading English when the teacher came in.不定式完成式：不定式完成式：to have + V-ed构成，用来表示动作发生在谓语动作之前。构成，用来表示动作发生在谓语动作之前。2005年江苏卷年江苏卷No.25 - Is Bob still performing? -
23、 Im afraid not. He is said _ the stage already as he has become an official. A. to have left B. to leave C. to have been D. to be left2006年四川卷年四川卷No.26The Chinese are proud of the 29th Olympic Games _ in Beijing in 2008.A. hold B. holding C. held D. to be heldThe book is said to have been translated
24、 into many languages.当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，不定式要用被动语态。的动作的承受者时，不定式要用被动语态。不定式的被动式分为一般式被动不定式的被动式分为一般式被动to be V-ed和和完成式被动完成式被动to have been V-edThe question is difficult to answer.=The question is difficult for me to answer.=It is difficult for me to answer the question.He is hard to g
25、et along with.=It is hard to get along with him.表语表语主语主语宾语宾语不定式宾语补足语宾语补足语定语定语状语状语Homework:P.9 Fill in the blankets, using to-infinitives. P.92 C1 Answer the questions using to-infinitives. Thank you for attention Part 2Verb-ing form as a noun1.动动名名词词的的句句法法功功能能：动动名名词词由由动动词词加加ing构构成成，与与现现在在分分词词的的形形式式相
26、相同同。动动名名词词主主要要起起名名词词作作用用，在在句句中中担担任任主主语语、表表语语、宾宾语和定语。语和定语。作主语，可以直接放在句首，也可以用作主语，可以直接放在句首，也可以用先行代词先行代词it作为形式主语，而把动名词后作为形式主语，而把动名词后置。置。Seeing is believing. (眼见为实眼见为实)Collecting stamps is a good hobby. (单单个个动动名名词词短短语语作作主主语语时时，动动词词用用单单数数)动名词作主语还有以下两个习惯表答法：动名词作主语还有以下两个习惯表答法：It is no use (good) + 动名词动名词：做某事
27、没用：做某事没用(不好不好)Its no use crying over spilt milk. (覆水难收覆水难收)Its no good spitting in public.There is no + 动动名名词词 (= It is impossible to do sth.)There is no knowing what may happen.（未未来来的事无法知道）的事无法知道）作作表表语语：通通常常是是说说明明主主语语的的内内容容，注注意意它它与谓语动词进行时的区别与谓语动词进行时的区别His hobby is collecting stamps. (此句为此句为SVC结构结构)
28、 可可 改改 为为 ： Collecting stamps is his hobby.Cf. He is collecting stamps. (is collecting是是谓谓语动词进行时，此句为语动词进行时，此句为SVO结构结构) 不能改为不能改为：Collecting stamps is he.2005年上海卷年上海卷No.32He got well-prepared for the job interview, for he could not risk _ the good opportunity. A. to lose B. losing C. to be lost D. bei
29、ng lost2006年北京卷年北京卷No.35.I cant stand _ with Jane in the same office. She just refuses _ talking while she works. A. working; stoppingB. to work; stopping C. working; to stopD. To work; to stop作宾语作宾语A.作及物动词的宾语作及物动词的宾语 (stand, admit, dislike, imagine, delay, consider, mind, understand, avoid, enjoy,
30、practise, miss, finish, keep, suggest, appreciate, escape, miss)2006年江苏卷年江苏卷N0.32-There is a story here in the paper about a 110-year-old man.-My goodness! I cant imagine _ that old.A. to be B. to have been C. being D. having been Tips:有有些些动动词词（ continue, prefer,begin, hate, like, start,love）后后面面既既可
31、可以以接接不不定定式式作作宾宾语语，也也可可以以接接动动名名词词作作宾宾语语，意意义义差差别别不不大大。通通常常认认为为用用动动名名词词泛泛指指一一般般的的倾倾向向性性，用用不不定定式式则则表表示示特特定或具体某一种动作。定或具体某一种动作。I like swimming but I dont like to swim in winter.I prefer to drive rather than to be driven.I prefer driving to riding.有些动词，如有些动词，如forget, remember, regret等，后面接动等，后面接动名词表示的动作先于谓语
32、动词动作，不定式表示的动名词表示的动作先于谓语动词动作，不定式表示的动作后于谓语动词。作后于谓语动词。2005年北京卷年北京卷No.30 When asked by police, he said that he remembered _ at he party, but not _. A. to arrive, leaving B. to arrive, to leave C. arriving, leaving D. arriving, to leave在下列句型中动名词作真正宾语：在下列句型中动名词作真正宾语：动词动词+it（形式宾语）（形式宾语）+宾补宾补+动名词（真正宾语）动名词（真
33、正宾语）B. 作介词的宾语作介词的宾语 2005年浙江卷年浙江卷No.3 The president spoke at the businessmeeting for nearly an hour without _ his notes. A.bringing up B. referring to C. looking for D. trying onbe used to doing 习惯于做；习惯于做；look forward to doing 盼望做；盼望做；devote ones life to doing 致力于做；致力于做；spend time (in) doing 花时间做；花时间
34、做；be fond of doing 喜爱做；喜爱做；be good at doing 擅长做；擅长做；be proud of doing 为做为做而自豪；而自豪；be tired of doing 对做对做感到厌倦；感到厌倦；feel like doing 欲想做；欲想做；go on doing 继续做（原来的事）；继续做（原来的事）；keep on doing 不不停停地地做做；what about doing 做做怎怎么么样样；think of doing 考考虑虑做做；be interested in doing 对对做做感感兴兴趣趣；have some difficulty/trou
35、ble (in) doing 做做某某事事有有困困难难；be busy (in) doing 忙忙于于做做；instead of doing 做做而不做而不做2005年江苏卷年江苏卷No.23 Everybody in the village likes Jack because he is good at telling and _ jokes. A. turning up B. putting up C. making up D. showing up作定语作定语动动名名词词可可作作前前置置定定语语，表表示示所所修修饰饰的的词词的的用用途途或或目目的的，可可用用for改改写写；而而现现在在
36、分分词词作作定语时，可用定语从句改写。定语时，可用定语从句改写。swimming pool, waiting room, walking sticka sleeping car =a car for sleepinga sleeping child=a child who is sleeping作同位语作同位语Thats the queens full-time job, laying eggs.这就是蚁后的专职工作这就是蚁后的专职工作产卵。产卵。2动名词的逻辑主语动名词的逻辑主语人人称称代代词词做做逻逻辑辑主主语语时时应应用用所所有有格格，即即形形容容词词性物主代词。性物主代词。Do you
37、 mind my smoking here?逻逻辑辑主主语语是是不不定定代代词词或或指指示示代代词词时时，很很少少用用所所有格，而用普通格。有格，而用普通格。He was awakened by someone knocking at the door.Theres no need for that being done.逻辑主语是名词时，用所有格，逻辑主语是名词时，用所有格，但是如果名词为无生命物体时，则用普通格。但是如果名词为无生命物体时，则用普通格。Marys laughing made Tom angry.There is no hope of the factory making p
38、rofit.在口语中，动名词如果不在句首，可以用在口语中，动名词如果不在句首，可以用名词普通格或人称代词宾格作逻辑主语。名词普通格或人称代词宾格作逻辑主语。2005年安徽卷年安徽卷No.34 I really cant understand _ her like that. A. you treat B. you to treat C. why treat D. you treating3. 动名词的完成式动名词的完成式(having done)、一般式被动一般式被动(being done)和完成式和完成式被动被动(having been done)。After having finished
39、 his work, he went home.He attended the meeting without being asked.She never told me about her having been interviewed by the police.表语表语主语主语宾语宾语动名词定语定语Homework:1. P.11 Fill in the blank, s using verb-ing form.2. P.92 Fill in the blanks using the correct forms in blanks. Thank you for attention 同学们来学校和回家的路上要注意安全同学们来学校和回家的路上要注意安全
