外研版高中英语5-3Grammar课件

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1、欢迎来到英语课堂欢迎来到英语课堂1imaginary adj. 假想的，虚构的假想的，虚构的All the characters in this book are imaginary.这这本本书书中的人物全是虚构的。中的人物全是虚构的。The equator is an imaginary line.赤道是一条赤道是一条实际实际上并不存在的上并不存在的线线。知识拓展知识拓展imagination n. 想象力，想象力，创创造力造力imaginative adj. 具有想象力的具有想象力的imaginable adj. 可想象的可想象的You didnt really see itit was

2、just your imagination.你没有真正看到它，你没有真正看到它，这这只是你的想象。只是你的想象。词语辨析词语辨析imaginative, imaginable, imaginary这这三三者者都都是是形形容容词词。imaginative表表示示“富富有有想想象象力力的的，爱爱想想象象的的”；imaginable是是“可可以以想想象象得得到到的的”，常常与与形形容容词词最最高高级级或或all，every, only等等连连用用，可可放放在在被被修修饰饰的的名名词词后；后；imaginary是是“想象的，虚构的，假想的想象的，虚构的，假想的”。an imaginative arti

3、st 富有想象力的富有想象力的艺术艺术家家the only solution imaginable 唯一想得出的唯一想得出的办办法法an imaginary enemy 假想假想敌敌人人即学即用即学即用The doctor is trying to save the patient by every _ means.AimaginativeBimaginableCimaginary Dimagination答案：答案：B2twisting adj. 扭曲的，弯曲的扭曲的，弯曲的He lives in a warren of narrow twisting old streets.他住在街道弯弯

4、曲曲的狭窄他住在街道弯弯曲曲的狭窄拥拥塞的老街区。塞的老街区。知识拓展知识拓展twist n. & v.1)n.一扭，扭曲一扭，扭曲The accident happened at the twist in the road.这场事故发生在道路的拐弯处。这场事故发生在道路的拐弯处。2)v. 拧，扭曲；编织；缠绕拧，扭曲；编织；缠绕Too much force will twist the key.用力过猛会把钥匙扭弯。用力过猛会把钥匙扭弯。She twisted the long scarf round her head.她把那条长围巾围在头上。她把那条长围巾围在头上。即学即用即学即用完成句子

5、完成句子The sweet peas are _ _ (向向上上蔓蔓生生) the canes.答案：答案：twisting up3handy adj.1)(指指东东西、地方西、地方)方便的，便利的方便的，便利的A good toolbox is a handy thing to have in the house.家庭里如果家庭里如果预备预备一个好的工具箱就方便多了。一个好的工具箱就方便多了。2)(指人指人)手巧的，灵巧的手巧的，灵巧的(常与常与with连连用用)A handy man can turn his hand to everything.手巧的人什么事都能做。手巧的人什么事都能做

6、。She is handy with the needle.她巧于她巧于针线针线。3)近便的，可利用的近便的，可利用的Always keep a firstaid kit handy.手手边边要要经经常有一个急救箱。常有一个急救箱。知识拓展知识拓展handily adv. 方便地，便利地，手巧地方便地，便利地，手巧地handiness n. 方便，便利，手巧方便，便利，手巧unhandy adj. 不方便的，笨的不方便的，笨的即学即用即学即用翻译句子翻译句子他善于辞令。他善于辞令。_答案：答案：He is handy with words.4resist vt.1)抵抵抗抗，反反抗抗，抗抗拒拒

7、，其其后后常常跟跟名名词词、代代词词、动动名名词词作作宾语宾语，而不跟不定式。，而不跟不定式。The rebel army resisted the police.叛叛军军与警察与警察对对抗。抗。The boy resisted being carried off.这这男孩努力反抗不男孩努力反抗不让别让别人人带带走。走。2)抗抗(自自然然力力、科科学学作作用用等等)；忍忍耐耐，忍忍住住(相相当当于于stand，常用于否定句常用于否定句)This metal resists rust.这这种金属是防种金属是防锈锈的。的。She cant resist sweets.她看到甜食就想吃。她看到甜食就

8、想吃。I could hardly resist laughing.我忍不住要笑。我忍不住要笑。注意：注意：resist的名的名词词形式形式为为resistance，常与，常与to连连用。用。There has been strong resistance to the new rule.对对于于这项这项新新规规定，抗拒的阻力一定很定，抗拒的阻力一定很强强。即学即用即学即用Because the youth cant _the attraction of surfing the Internet, we should take proper measures to stop it.Afollo

9、w BaffectCeffect Dresist答案：答案：D5analyse vt. 分析；分解分析；分解We must try to analyse the cause of the fire.我我们们得研究一下失火的原因。得研究一下失火的原因。He analysed the food and found that it contained poison.他他对这对这种食物做了化种食物做了化验验，发现发现有毒。有毒。知识拓展知识拓展analytic adj. 分析的，解析的分析的，解析的analysis n. 分析，分解分析，分解to make an analysis of 分解分解in

10、the final/last analysis 归归根根结结底，底，总总之之即学即用即学即用完成句子完成句子Lets _ _ _ (分分析析一一下下这这道道题题) and see what went wrong.答案：答案：analyse the problem6suspect1)n. 嫌疑犯，可疑嫌疑犯，可疑对对象象Hes a prime suspect in the murder case.他是他是这这次次谋杀谋杀案的主要案的主要怀怀疑疑对对象。象。2)adj. 令人起疑的，不可信的令人起疑的，不可信的His statements are suspect.他的他的陈陈述可疑。述可疑。He

11、was suspected of having stolen the money.他被他被怀怀疑疑偷偷了了这这笔笔钱钱。We suspected that he was lost, even before we were told.在在别别人人告告诉诉我我们们这这件件事事之之前前，我我们们已已认认为为他他有有可可能能失失踪踪了。了。What she said sounded convincing, but I suspect it to be a lie.她的她的话话听起来像那么回事，但我听起来像那么回事，但我认为认为那是那是谎话谎话。即学即用即学即用The _is being held at

12、 the police headquarters for questioning.Adoubt BuncertainCsuspect DInformer答案：答案：C解解析析：doubt表表示示“不不确确定定”；uncertain表表示示“不不确确定定”；suspect表表示示“疑疑犯犯”；informer表表示示“告告密密者者”。根根据据句句意意“犯犯罪罪嫌嫌疑疑人人目目前前被被关关押押在在警警察察总总部部接接受受盘盘问问。”可知本题选可知本题选C。7accompany vt. 陪伴，陪同陪伴，陪同Lightning usually accompanies thunder.闪电闪电通常伴有雷

13、声。通常伴有雷声。I must ask you to accompany me to the police station.我得要求你陪我去一趟警察局。我得要求你陪我去一趟警察局。知识拓展知识拓展与与accompany构成的搭配有构成的搭配有accompany sth. with/by sth. 与与同时存在或发生同时存在或发生accompany sb. at/on sth. 用用给某人伴奏给某人伴奏accompany sb. to do sth. 陪某人去做某事陪某人去做某事accompany sb. to. 陪某人到陪某人到be accompanied by. 由由伴奏伴奏词语辨析词语辨析

14、accompany与与attend1)accompany “陪陪伴伴，看看护护，伴伴随随而而来来”。指指人人时时，多多指指以以同同等等地地位位或或相相同同身身份份陪陪伴伴某某人人；指指事事时时，则则指指同同时时发发生之事。生之事。2)attend“陪陪伴伴，看看护护”，指指下下级级对对上上级级表表示示敬敬意意而而陪陪伴伴，有有侍侍候候之之意意，也也可可指指以以保保护护人人的的身身份份陪陪伴伴，或或出出于于职职责责照看。指事照看。指事时时，强强调调行行为为之之结结果。果。即学即用即学即用Tomorrow the major is to _ a group of Canadian business

15、men on a tour of the city.Aattend BaccompanyCcooperate Dassociate答案：答案：B8absorb v.1)吸收；理解吸收；理解Dry sand absorbs water.干沙吸收水分。干沙吸收水分。The clever boy absorbed all the knowledge his teacher could give him.那个那个聪聪明的男孩把老明的男孩把老师师所能教他的所有的知所能教他的所有的知识识都吸收了。都吸收了。2)使使(精神精神)贯贯注；忍受；承担注；忍受；承担(费费用用)；占用；占用(时间时间)This j

16、ob absorbs all of my time.这这件工作占用了我的全部件工作占用了我的全部时间时间。He is absorbed in study.他他专专心心读书读书。The company will absorb all the costs.公司将公司将负负担一切担一切费费用。用。知识拓展知识拓展absorbed adj. 精神集中的精神集中的absorbing adj. 十分吸引人的十分吸引人的be absorbed by 被被吞并，为吞并，为所吸收所吸收be absorbed in 全神贯注在全神贯注在，一心从事，热衷于，一心从事，热衷于即学即用即学即用She was so _

17、in her job that she didnt hear anybody knocking at the door.Aattracted BdrawnCabsorbed Dconcentrated答案：答案：C9arise vi. (arose, arisen) 出出现现，发发生生；起起身身；起起因因于于，起源于起源于(常与常与from/out of连用连用)A new difficulty has arisen.出出现现了新的困了新的困难难。Use the money when the need arises.有需要有需要时时就用就用这这笔笔钱钱。A strong wind arose.

18、刮起一刮起一阵阵强强风风。Theres some problems arising out of the lack of communication.有些因缺乏交流而有些因缺乏交流而产产生的生的问题问题。词语辨析词语辨析arise, rise，raisearise表表示示“出出现现，发发生生”相相当当于于happen, appear，而而rise无无此意。此意。rise “升起升起”，还还可表示可表示“站起来，上站起来，上涨涨”，是不及物，是不及物动词动词。raise是及物是及物动词动词，“举举起，扶起，提高起，扶起，提高”。即学即用即学即用This is the point where th

19、e difference _.Arises BraisesCarises Dhappens答案：答案：C1treat.as/like/as if.把把当作当作对待对待Her stepmother treated her badly.她她继继母待她不好。母待她不好。His mother treated him as a small child.他母他母亲亲把他当小孩子看待。把他当小孩子看待。They treat each other like brothers.他他们亲们亲如兄弟。如兄弟。知识拓展知识拓展1)look on.as 把把视为视为take.as. 把把理解为理解为have.as. 把

20、把看作看作refer to.as. 把把称为称为consider.as. 认为认为是是think of.as 认为认为是是regard.as. 把把看成看成make.as. 把把当作当作describe.as. 把把描述成描述成use.as. 作为作为来使用来使用2)treat(1)v. 对对待某人待某人/某物某物；医治；医治You should treat them with more consideration.你你应该应该多体多体谅谅他他们们一点。一点。I decided to treat his remark as a joke.我把他的我把他的话话当作笑当作笑话话。He is bei

21、ng treated in hospital.他正在医院接受治他正在医院接受治疗疗。(2)n. 乐乐趣，趣，乐乐事，款待，事，款待，请请客客Her sons visits are a great treat for her.她儿子来看望她，她心里喜滋滋的。她儿子来看望她，她心里喜滋滋的。This is my treat.这这次我次我请请客。客。treat sb./oneself (to sth.) 以以某某物物款款待待某某人人或或使使自自己己获获得得享享受受treat sb. like dirt/a dog 视视某人如草芥某人如草芥即学即用即学即用At that time slaves wer

22、e _ of not as human beings, but as animals.Aregarded BtreatedCbought Dthought答案：答案：D2rely onrely upondepend on/upon 依靠，依赖依靠，依赖We cant rely on her for help.我我们们不可指望她的帮助。不可指望她的帮助。I rely on her to pay back the money.我相信她会我相信她会还钱还钱。You may rely on it that he will come to meet you.你放心好了，他会来接你的。你放心好了，他会来接

23、你的。知识拓展知识拓展reliable adj. 可依赖的，可依靠的可依赖的，可依靠的reliably adv. 可靠地，确实地可靠地，确实地dependable adj. 可靠的，可信赖的可靠的，可信赖的dependent adj. 依赖依赖/靠的靠的independent adj. 独立的独立的independence n. 独立独立高考链接高考链接I think I can come, but dont _.Adepend on Brely on itCwant it Dmake it解解析析：depend on也也表表示示“相相信信，依依靠靠”，但但on是是介介词词，后后面面需需跟跟宾

24、宾语语；rely on it中中的的it指指I can come这这件件事事；want it与与题题干干不不符符；make it表表示示“成成功功”，前前后后意意思思不不符。符。答案：答案：B即学即用即学即用Choosing the right dictionary depends on _you want to use it for.AwhatBwhyChowDwhether答案：答案：A3as follows 如下如下The rule is as follows.规则规则如下。如下。The full text reads as follows.全文如下。全文如下。知识拓展知识拓展1)fol

25、low suit 照别人的方式去做；学样照别人的方式去做；学样One of the major banks has set high its interest and the other banks are expected to follow suit.大银行中的一家已提高利率，其他银行有望会照做的。大银行中的一家已提高利率，其他银行有望会照做的。2)follow ones lead 仿效别人的做法仿效别人的做法I dont want you to follow my lead and rush into marriage.我不希望你效法我，也仓促结婚。我不希望你效法我，也仓促结婚。3)fo

26、llow the advice 遵照嘱咐遵照嘱咐follow after 追求，力求达到追求，力求达到follow up 穷穷追追猎猎物，把物，把深究到底深究到底follow out 贯彻贯彻，执执行行follower n. 跟从者，随跟从者，随员员4)follow 的常的常见见用法：用法：(1)跟随跟随Ill lead the way, and you just follow.我来我来带带路，你路，你们们跟着。跟着。The boy followed his father out.男孩跟着父男孩跟着父亲亲出去了。出去了。(2)沿着；遵循，照沿着；遵循，照办办Follow this road u

27、ntil you get to the corner, and then turn left.沿着沿着这这条路走到拐角条路走到拐角处处，然后向左，然后向左转转。These orders must be followed at once.这这些命令必些命令必须须立即照立即照办办。(3)听懂，理解听懂，理解Can you follow me?你你们们听得懂我听得懂我吗吗？(4)following与与the连连用，指用，指“下面的，以下的下面的，以下的”。In the following year the war came to an end.次年次年战战争争结结束了。束了。It rained on

28、 the day we arrived, but the following day was sunny.我我们们到达的那天正下雨，次日天气晴朗了。到达的那天正下雨，次日天气晴朗了。即学即用即学即用翻译句子翻译句子她所写如下。她所写如下。_答案：答案：She wrote as follows.4knock out1)摧摧毁毁；使精疲力尽；使精疲力尽Radars were knocked out, aircrafts shot down.雷达被摧雷达被摧毁毁，飞飞机被机被击击落。落。Shes knocking herself out with all the work.所有工作把她累得筋疲力尽。

29、所有工作把她累得筋疲力尽。2)敲出，敲空，敲出，敲空，凿凿出，抛出出，抛出He knocked out his pipe.他敲出烟斗中的烟灰。他敲出烟斗中的烟灰。3)(拳拳击击)打倒打倒He was knocked out and couldnt rise to his feet for the count.他被他被击击倒并无法在倒并无法在规规定的定的时间时间内站起来。内站起来。4)使使(人人)震惊震惊She was knocked out by the news.这这个消息使她异常吃惊。个消息使她异常吃惊。 知识拓展知识拓展knock about连连敲，虐待，冲打；漂泊敲，虐待，冲打；漂泊k

30、nock against 撞，碰；撞撞，碰；撞见见knock down 击击倒；撞倒倒；撞倒knock off 掸掸掉，减低掉，减低/去；停止去；停止(工作工作)；突；突击击完成完成He is knocking about the world.他正漫游世界。他正漫游世界。The boy knocked his head against/on the door.那男孩把那男孩把头头撞在了撞在了门门上。上。I knocked against her in the park.我在公园撞我在公园撞见见了她。了她。He knocked his enemy down.他把他把敌敌人打倒了。人打倒了。She

31、 knocked the dust off her coat.她她掸掸掉了大衣上的灰掉了大衣上的灰尘尘。高考链接高考链接Lost in thought, he was _by the car in front of him.Aknocked out Bknocked downCknocked off Dknocked about解解析析：句句意意为为：他他陷陷入入沉沉思思之之中中，一一辆辆汽汽车车把把他他撞撞倒倒了了。knock out敲敲出出，敲敲空空；knock down撞撞倒倒，打打倒倒；knock off 掸掉；掸掉；knock about 漂泊。漂泊。答案：答案：B即学即用即学即用A

32、s a young man, Tom used to_in the town, _to find a job for a few coins.Aknocking about; waitedBknocked down; waitingCknock about; waitingDknocked down; waited答案：答案：C解解析析：根根据据句句意意“汤汤姆姆年年轻轻时时曾曾在在镇镇上上游游荡荡，期期待待找找份份工工作作挣挣点点钱钱”。“游游荡荡”可可用用短短语语knock about表表示示；第第二二个个空空考考查查非非谓谓语语动动词词在在句句中中作作状状语语，此此处处表表示示一一种种伴

33、伴随的动作，故用现在分词。随的动作，故用现在分词。5get out of control 摆脱控制摆脱控制The children got out of control.孩子孩子们们无法无天了。无法无天了。keep control of 控制控制(状状态态)take/get control of 控制控制(动动作作)beyond/out of control 失去控制；无法控制失去控制；无法控制in/under control 得到控制，得到控制，处处于控制之下于控制之下lose control of/get out of control of 失去控制失去控制be in control of

34、 sth. 指指挥挥(管理或支配管理或支配)某事物某事物bring/get sth. under control 抑制；控制抑制；控制知识拓展知识拓展controller n. 管理员，控制器管理员，控制器controllable adj. 可管理的，可操纵的，可控制的可管理的，可操纵的，可控制的controlled adj. 受约束的，克制的受约束的，克制的control1)n. 能力，权力；控制；支配；管理能力，权力；控制；支配；管理He was in control of the car.他负责这辆小汽车。他负责这辆小汽车。All schools are under the contro

35、l of the Ministry of Education.所有学校统归教育部管辖。所有学校统归教育部管辖。2)v. (controlled, controlling)控控制制，操操纵纵，管管理理，支支配配；抑制；克制抑制；克制She couldnt control herself.她几乎控制不住自己的感情。她几乎控制不住自己的感情。The pilot controlled the plane and landed it safely.飞飞行行员员控制住控制住飞飞机并将其安全着机并将其安全着陆陆。Our government tried to control prices of goods.

36、我我们们的政府想方的政府想方设设法控制物价。法控制物价。即学即用即学即用If an airplane is _， it will certainly be smashed.Aunder control Bout of controlClost control Din control答案：答案：B6. as far as we know 据我们所知据我们所知As far as we know, he is still working here.据我据我们们所知，他仍在所知，他仍在这这里工作。里工作。They will arrive at nine, as far as we know.就我就我们

37、们所知，他所知，他们们将在九点将在九点钟钟到。到。知识拓展知识拓展as的相关词组：的相关词组：as far as 远到远到；就；就而言而言as for 至于；关于至于；关于as long as (so long as) 只要只要as of 自从；自自从；自起起as though 好像，好似好像，好似as to 关于；至于关于；至于即学即用即学即用_ I can see, there is only one possible way to keep away from the danger.AAs long as BAs far asCJust as DEven if答案：答案：B7break

38、down1)分解分解Chemicals in the body break our food down into useful substance.人体中的化学元素把食物分解成有用的物人体中的化学元素把食物分解成有用的物质质。Sugar and starch are broken down in the stomach.糖与淀粉在胃中被分解。糖与淀粉在胃中被分解。2)(机器机器)损损坏；坏；(身体身体)垮垮下来下来My car broke down on my way home.我的我的车车在回家的路上坏了。在回家的路上坏了。Her health broke down under the pr

39、essure of work.工作的工作的压压力把她的健康弄力把她的健康弄垮垮了。了。3)打破；中止打破；中止The peace talks are said to have broken down.据据说说和和谈谈破裂了。破裂了。Firemen had to break the door down to reach the people trapped inside.消防人消防人员须员须破破门门而入才能而入才能抢抢救困在屋里的人。救困在屋里的人。知识拓展知识拓展break的相关词组：的相关词组：break away 脱离；打破脱离；打破(陈套等陈套等)break in 打断；插嘴说；闯入打断

40、；插嘴说；闯入break into 破门而入，突然破门而入，突然起来起来break off 中止；中断；打断中止；中断；打断break out (战争、火灾、疫病等战争、火灾、疫病等)突然爆发突然爆发break through 冲破；突破冲破；突破break up 破裂；驱散；分解破裂；驱散；分解高考链接高考链接(1)How about your journey to Mount Emei?Everything was wonderful except that our car_twice on the way.Aslowed down Bbroke downCgot down Dput do

41、wn解解析析：考考查查动动词词短短语语。“你你到到峨峨眉眉山山的的旅旅行行怎怎么么样样？”“一一 切切 都都 好好 ， 只只 是是 路路 上上 我我 们们 的的 车车 抛抛 锚锚 了了 两两 次次 。”break down在此意思是在此意思是“(车车)抛锚抛锚”。答案：答案：B(2)Im surprised to hear that Sue and Paul have _. So am I. They seemed very happy together when I last saw them.Abroken up Bfinished upCdivided up Dclosed up 解解析

42、析：考考查查短短语语动动词词。break up“断断绝绝关关系系”；finish up“完完成成”；divide up“分分配配，分分发发”；close up“靠靠近近，缩缩小小的的间间隔隔”。由句意知，。由句意知，A项项正确。正确。答案：答案：A即学即用即学即用You will _ sooner or later if you keep working like that.Abreak off Bbreak downCbreak into Dbreak out答案：答案：BFor example, it could help someone recover from a disease, r

43、epair human tissue, or help them walk again after an accident.例例如如，它它可可以以帮帮助助某某人人从从疾疾病病中中恢恢复复，修修复复人人体体组组织织，或帮他们在事故后重新行走。或帮他们在事故后重新行走。句句中中的的recover意意思思是是“痊痊愈愈，复复原原”。另另外外，recover还还有有“找回，重新找回，重新获获得，弥得，弥补补；使恢复原状；使恢复原状”的意思。如：的意思。如：Tim is still recovering from his operation.手手术术后，蒂姆仍在恢复之中。后，蒂姆仍在恢复之中。We re

44、covered lost time by setting out early.我我们们提前出提前出发发从而把从而把损损失的失的时间补时间补回来。回来。She recovered herself and smiled.她恢复了常她恢复了常态态，笑了笑。，笑了笑。知识拓展知识拓展recovery n复得；恢复；痊愈复得；恢复；痊愈recover from从从中恢复中恢复即学即用即学即用The police_the stolen jewellery and returned it to the owner.Asearched BhuntedCinvented Drecovered答案：答案：D解解析

45、析：警警察察找找回回了了被被偷偷的的珠珠宝宝并并将将其其还还给给了了失失主主。search和和hunt表表示示“寻寻找找，搜搜寻寻”时时，后后面面要要接接for；invent指指发发明明创创造造出出原原来来没没有有的的东东西西。因因为为句句中中有有return，因此由语境可知这里表示，因此由语境可知这里表示“找回找回”，故选，故选D。虚拟语气虚拟语气(一一)语语气气是是表表示示讲讲话话者者对对所所述述的的内内容容的的看看法法、心心情情或或心心态态等等。英英语语中中语语气气有有三三种种：陈陈述述语语气气、祈祈使使语语气气和和虚虚拟拟语语气气。虚虚拟拟语语气气用用于于表表达达说说话话人人的的愿愿望

46、望、请请求求、意意图图、假假想想、建建议议等等不不能能实实现现的的情情况况或或说说话话人人看看来来实实现现的的可可能能性性很很小小的的情情况况。有有时时也也有有使使语语气气缓缓和和、委委婉婉的的作作用用。虚虚拟拟语语气气可可用用于于状状语语从从句句、主主语语从从句句、宾宾语语从从句句、表表语语从从句句、同同位位语语从句以及其他从句以及其他结结构中。构中。一、虚拟语气在条件句中的构成和应用一、虚拟语气在条件句中的构成和应用如如果果表表示示的的条条件件根根本本不不可可能能实实现现或或实实现现的的可可能能性性很很小小时时，称为虚拟条件句。例如：称为虚拟条件句。例如：If I were you, I

47、should go there.假如我是你，我就去那儿。假如我是你，我就去那儿。虚虚拟拟语语气气根根据据其其表表达达的的时时间间概概念念可可分分为为表表示示现现在在的的虚虚拟拟语气，表示过去的虚拟语气以及表示将来的虚拟语气。语气，表示过去的虚拟语气以及表示将来的虚拟语气。在非真实条件中主从句的谓语部分构成如下表所在非真实条件中主从句的谓语部分构成如下表所示：示： 条件从句条件从句主句主句与与现现在事在事实实相相违违背背过过去式去式(动词动词是是be时时用用were)should/would/could/might动词动词原原形形与与过过去事去事实实相相违违背背had过过去分去分词词should

48、/would/could/mighthave过过去分去分词词与未来事与未来事实实相相违违背背1)should动词动词原原形形2)were动词动词不定式不定式3)过过去式去式(动词动词是是be时时也可以用也可以用were) should/would/could/might动词动词原原形形(1)与与现现在事在事实实相相违违背。例如：背。例如：If I had time, I would help you with your lesson.我我要要是是有有时时间间的的话话，就就帮帮助助你你学学习习功功课课。(事事实实是是：我我没没有有时间时间)If I were you, I would not d

49、o it.要要是是我我是是你你的的话话，我我不不会会做做这这件件事事的的。(事事实实是是：我我不不是是你你)(2)与与过过去事去事实实相相违违背。例如：背。例如：If I hadnt been caught by something, I would have come to your party yesterday.我我昨昨天天要要不不是是被被一一些些事事缠缠住住了了，我我就就会会去去参参加加你你们们的的聚聚会了。会了。(事事实实是：我昨天被某些事是：我昨天被某些事缠缠住了住了)If he had known her address, he would have gone to visit

50、her.如如果果他他知知道道她她的的地地址址，他他会会去去看看她她的的。(事事实实是是：他他不不知知道她的地址道她的地址)(3)与未来事与未来事实实相相违违背。例如：背。例如：If I should have a chance to try it, I would do it in another way.要要是是我我有有机机会会试试一一试试，我我会会用用另另一一种种方方法法做做的的。(假假设设的的“有机会有机会”的情况不大可能的情况不大可能发发生生)If it were fine tomorrow, I would go shopping.如如果果明明天天天天气气好好，我我就就去去买买东东西

51、西。(假假设设的的“天天气气好好”的的情情况不大可能况不大可能发发生生)二、省略二、省略if的虚拟条件句的虚拟条件句在在虚虚拟拟条条件件从从句句中中，如如谓谓语语中中包包含含were, had, should等等词词，则则把把这这些些词词放在主放在主语语前面省略前面省略if。例如：。例如：Were you not here, none of us would come.如果你如果你们们不在不在这这儿，我儿，我们谁们谁都不会来。都不会来。Should she come here, we would/should discuss this matter with her.要是她来要是她来这这里，我

52、里，我们们就和她就和她讨论这讨论这件事。件事。三、混合三、混合(时间错综时间错综)型虚拟条件句型虚拟条件句通通常常情情况况下下，在在非非真真实实条条件件中中主主句句和和从从句句的的谓谓语语动动词词所所指指时时间间是是一一致致的的，但但有有时时也也有有可可能能指指不不同同的的时时间间，这这时时要根据上下文的意思采用不同的要根据上下文的意思采用不同的谓语动词谓语动词形式。例如：形式。例如：If I were you, I would have taken his advice.如果我是你，我就会接受他的忠告了。如果我是你，我就会接受他的忠告了。If you had not watched tele

53、vision so late last night, you would not be so sleepy now.如如果果你你昨昨晚晚不不是是看看电电视视看看得得那那么么晚晚，现现在在你你也也就就不不会会这这么困了。么困了。四、含蓄虚拟条件句四、含蓄虚拟条件句有有时时假假设设的的情情况况并并不不以以if引引导导的的条条件件从从句句形形式式表表示示出出来来，而而是是通通过过一一个个介介词词短短语语或或其其他他方方式式表表示示。常常用用的的词词或或短短语有：语有：without, but for, but that, otherwise, or, but等。等。Without solar rad

54、iation, animals and plants would die.如果没有太阳的辐射，动植物就会死亡。如果没有太阳的辐射，动植物就会死亡。But for your help, I should have been drowned.要是没有你们的帮助，我早已淹死了。要是没有你们的帮助，我早已淹死了。He was having a meeting; otherwise he would have come over to help us.他当他当时时正在开会，否正在开会，否则则他就来帮助我他就来帮助我们们了。了。He felt very tired yesterday, or he wou

55、ld have attended the party.他昨天很累，不然他就参加那个聚会了。他昨天很累，不然他就参加那个聚会了。But that he had no money at the time, he would have come to help us.要不是他当要不是他当时时缺缺钱钱，他也，他也许许就来帮助我就来帮助我们们了。了。五、隐含虚拟条件的简单句五、隐含虚拟条件的简单句在此种简单句中，虚拟语气通过上下文表现出来。在此种简单句中，虚拟语气通过上下文表现出来。Any man in his position would have done like that.任何人处在他的位置都会

56、那么做。任何人处在他的位置都会那么做。You should/ought to have come earlier.你本应该早点儿来。你本应该早点儿来。You would have laughed to see him jump aside. (If you had seen him jump aside, you would have laughed.)你要是看到他跳到一边的样子会大笑起来。你要是看到他跳到一边的样子会大笑起来。高考链接高考链接(1)John went to the hospital alone.If he_me about it, I would have gone with

57、 him.Ashould tell BtellsCtold Dhad told解解析析：句句意意：约约翰翰自自己己去去的的医医院院。如如果果他他告告诉诉我我的的话话，我我就就和和他他一一起起去去了了。本本题题考考查查与与过过去去事事实实相相反反的的虚虚拟拟语语气气，从从句句用用过过去去完完成成时时，主主句句用用过过去去完完成成时时态态。故故D项正确。项正确。答案：答案：D(2)But for their help，we_the program in time.Acan not finish Bwill not finishChad not finished Dcould not have fi

58、nished解解析析：考考查查了了虚虚拟拟语语气气的的用用法法。由由句句意意知知表表示示对对过过去去情情况的假况的假设设，因此主句需要，因此主句需要“情情态动词态动词havedone”。答案：答案：D(3)This printer is of good quality. If it_break down within the first year, we would repair it at our expense.AwouldBshould Ccould Dmight解解析析：考考查查虚虚拟拟语语气气。句句意意：“这这台台打打印印机机质质量量很很好好。如如果果一一年年内内它它坏坏了了，我我们

59、们会会免免费费为为你你修修理理。”对对将将来来的的虚虚拟拟中中，从从句句可可用用“should动动词词原原形形”，此此句句中中should表表示示“万一万一”。答案：答案：B即学即用即学即用They _two free tickets to Canada, otherwise theyd never have been able to afford to go.Ahad gotBgotChave gotDgetShe looks very happy. She _have passed the exam.I guess so. Its not difficult after all.Ashou

60、ldBcouldCmustDmightDid you tidy your room?No, I was going to but I _visitors.Ahad BhaveChave had Dwill haveGuess what! I have got A for my term paper.Great! You _read widely and put a lot of work into it.Amust BshouldCmust have Dshould have答案：答案：BCAC.句型转换句型转换1A.I didnt know more about giving first a

61、id, so I couldnt help him.BIf I _more about giving first aid, I _him.2A.It rained yesterday. Otherwise he would have come to see you.BIf it _yesterday, he _to see you.3A.But for your help, we couldnt have succeeded.B Had it_your help, we couldnt have succeeded.4A.Mary seemed to be dead lying on the

62、ground.BLying on the ground, it _Mary were dead.5A.Without air, there would be no living things.BIf _air, there would be no living things.答案：答案：1had known, could have helped2hadnt rained, would have come3not been for4.looked as if5.there were no.单项填空单项填空1If you hadnt taken such a long time to get dr

63、essed, we _ there by now.Awould be Bwould have beenCwere Dare答案：答案：A解解析析：条条件件句句表表示示对对过过去去情情况况的的虚虚拟拟，主主句句表表示示对对现现在在情况的虚情况的虚拟拟。2Bob would have helped us yesterday, but he_.Awas busy Bis busyChad been busy Dwill be busy答案：答案：A解解析析：句句意意：鲍鲍勃勃昨昨天天本本来来要要帮帮我我们们的的，但但是是他他太太忙忙了了。本本题题考考查查时时态态。“鲍鲍勃勃昨昨天天很很忙忙”这这是是

64、发发生生在在过过去去的的一一个个客客观观事事实实，所以用一般，所以用一般过过去去时时。3I would have gone to visit him in the hospital but I _ fully occupied the whole of last week.AwereBhad beenChave beenDwas答案：答案：D解解析析：前前半半句句是是对对过过去去情情况况的的一一种种假假设设，句句子子的的后后半半部部分分是是没没发发生生事事情情的的真真实实原原因因。由由but引引导导的的转转折折句句表表述述事事实实，又是，又是last week发发生的事。生的事。4I regr

65、et not having taken your advice. Otherwise I _ this mistake.Adidnt make Bwould not makeChadnt made Dwouldnt have made答案：答案：B解解析析：otherwise引引导导的的含含蓄蓄条条件件句句表表示示对对现现在在情情况况的的虚虚拟拟。5_ the present unemployment continue, the society would face a more troublesome situation.AWouldBShouldCMightDCould答案：答案：B解解析

66、析：此此句句为为省省略略了了if的的虚虚拟拟条条件件句句，并并且且是是对对将将来来的的虚虚拟拟，所以将，所以将should提前。提前。6If he _ my advice, he wouldnt have lost his job.Afollowed Bshould followChad followed Dwould follow答案：答案：C解解析析：句句意意：如如果果他他早早听听了了我我的的建建议议的的话话，他他就就不不会会丢丢了了工工作作。本本题题考考查查与与过过去去事事实实相相反反的的虚虚拟拟语语气气。从从句句的的时时 态态 ， 用用 过过 去去 完完 成成 时时 ， 主主 句句 的

67、的 时时 态态 为为would/could/should/mighthave done。7Dont press the button, John.What if I _？AdidBwouldCwillDshall答案：答案：A解解析析：What if I did是是虚虚拟拟语语气气，if引引导导的的从从句句用用过过去去形形式表示式表示对现对现在的虚在的虚拟拟。8Thank you for giving me a hand. I _ in the experiment without your valuable help.Ahave failed Bwill failCwould have fa

68、iled Dmust have failed答案：答案：C解解析析：考考查查含含蓄蓄条条件件句句。该该句句用用介介词词短短语语表表达达条条件件，即即：I would have failed in the experiment without your valuable help.I would have failed in the experiment if I hadnt got your valuable help.“如如果果没没有有你你宝宝贵贵的的帮帮助助，我的我的试验试验有可能会失有可能会失败败”。9I _ one of Toms paintings, but if I had, he

69、 would have given it to me.Awanted BwantCdidnt want Ddont want答案：答案：C解解析析：从从虚虚拟拟条条件件从从句句及及其其主主句句可可判判断断出出这这是是一一个个过过去去发发生的否定的事生的否定的事实实。10What a heavy rain it is! If we _ the raincoat, we wouldnt _ in the rain.Ahad put on; be walking Bput on; walkCput on; be walking Dshould put on; walk答案：答案：A解解析析：从从句句应应理理解解为为与与过过去去事事实实相相反反，故故用用过过去去完完成成时时，句句首首的的感感叹叹句句告告诉诉我我们们，这这是是一一个个当当前前的的情情景景，所所以以wouldnt后用后用进进行行时较时较妥。妥。