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1、n在句子中起名词作用的各种从句，统称为名词性从句。 名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。从从从从句句句句：名名名名词词词词性性性性从从从从句句句句n引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：1）连接词： that, whether ,if （不充当从句的任何成分）2）连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which, whichever3）连接副词：when, where, how, why连连接
2、接词词that引引导导的的名名词词性性从从句句nthat引引导导主主语语从从句句（连连接接词词that不不可可省省略略） 如果主语从句很长，往往将它移至整个复合句的最后。该从句原来所在的位置由it替代，it被称为形式主语。 例如：That she was chosen made us very happy. 她被选上了，我们很高兴。Its a pity that you should have to leave.你非走不可真是件憾事。It is evident/clear/obvious that she is telling a lie. 很显然，她在撒慌。nthat引引导导表表语语从从句句
3、例如：The problem is that I dont have much experience in this kind of work.问题是在这方面，我没有多少经验。The reason why he didnt come was that he had to take care of his sick mother at home. 他没来，是因为他不得不在家中照顾生病的母亲。nthat引引导导宾宾语语从从句句连接词that引导的从句作宾语时，that可以省略。例如：Everyone can see (that) the driver is not to blame. 人人都明白司
4、机没有责任。n在有宾语补足语的句子中，做宾语的that从句要移至句尾，其原来的位置由it替代。例如：We must make it known to the public that trash collectors do very important work . 清洁工人做着非常重要的工作，我们必须让公众明白这点。nthat引引导导同同位位语语从从句句that从句有时跟在某些名词的后面，对前面的名词作进一步说明。that从句与其前面的名词应为同一内容，只是更加详细具体，这样的that从句就叫同位语从句。n能跟同位语从句的名词通常是抽象名词，常见的有fact, news, idea, thou
5、ght, question, reply, report, remark, answer, hope, belief, doubt, suggestion, conclusion, promise, possibility, order, decision, problem, discovery, certainty, explanation, opinion, evidence等。引导词that不能省略。例如：We heard the news that our team had won. 我们听到消息说我们队赢了。 The fact that he has not been seen re
6、cently disturbs everyone in his office. 近来谁也没有见过他，这一情况令办公室所有的人不安。 whether/if 引引导导名名词词性性从从句句nwhether引引导导主主语语从从句句whether引导的从句做主语，whether和if不能互换；whether引导的主语从句也可以放在句尾，原来的位置由形式主语it替代。例如：Whether the plane will arrive on time is not clear. 飞机是否会准时达到，谁也不知道。It isnt clear whether the plane will arrive on tim
7、e (or not).Whether he will come does not matter. 他来不来，无关紧要It does not matter whether he comes (or not). n whether引引导导表表语语从从句句whether引导的从句做表语，不可用if替换。例如：The question is whether we can finish the task toda问题是我们能不能今天完成任务。The point is whether we should lend him the money问题在于我们是否应该借钱给他。The question remai
8、ns whether they will be able to help us.问题是他们是否能帮助我们。snwhether/if 引引导导宾宾语语从从句句在宾语从句中，whether和if可以互换。例如：He didnt know whether (if) his partner would continue to invest.他不知道他的合伙人是否会继续投资。Let us know whether / if you can finish the article before Friday. 请让我们知道你是否能在星期五以前把文章写完。n但是，在以下情形中，不可用if，只能用whether
9、引导宾语从句： No one can predict whether it will rain or not. 谁也不能预料天是否会下雨。(whether后有or not时）I worry about whether he can pass through the crisis of his illness. 我担心他是否能度过疾病的危险期。Success depends on whether we make enough effort. 是否成功，这要看我们是否付出足够的努力。(whether引导的从句作介词的宾语时）nwhether引引导导同同位位语语从从句句whether引导的从句做同位
10、语，不可用if替换。例如：I have no idea whether he will agree to join our team. 我不清楚他会不会同意加入我们队。由由连连接接代代词词与与连连接接副副词词引引导导的的名名词词性性从从句句n引引导导主主语语从从句句例如：How the book will sell depends on its author. 书销售如何取决于作者本人。Who damaged the computer is still unknown. 谁弄坏了电脑，还不清楚。When and where the meeting will be held is not yet
11、 fixed.会议将在何时何地召开，还没有确定下来。How the thief managed to open the safe is being investigated now.小偷是如何打开保险柜的，这点正在调查中。What he said is true. 他所说的情况属实。n连接代词：疑问代词在引起从句时，都称为连接代词，包括who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whomever, whichever, whatever，一共九个n连接副词：1.连接副词起对等连接词的作用,连接两个句子或子句,如:however, so, then, ther
12、efore。 2.连接副词通常位于子句的句首,有的也可位于句中。 3.有些连接副词的含义彼此相同或相近,在使用时可以互相替换,而不会改变原句的含义。n这类wh-系列的连接词引导的主语从句通常也可以放在句末，用it做形式主语。例如：How long the meeting will last is unclear. It is unclear how long the meeting will last.不清楚会议将持续多长时间。What he says about my work does not matter. It doesnt matter what he says about my w
13、ork.他如何评论我的工作都不重要。When they are going to get married remains unknown.It remains unknown when they are going to get married.他们何时结婚还不清楚。 n引引导导表表语语从从句句例如：The problem is how we should break the tragic news to her.问题是我们该如何把这个悲剧性的消息告诉她。He is running a fever. That is why he is absent from class today.他正在发高
14、烧，这就是他今天缺席的原因。China is no longer what it used to be ten years ago.中国不再是十年前的中国了。My question is who will take over president of the Foundation.我的问题是谁将接任该基金会主席的职位。n引引导导宾宾语语从从句句例如：Tell me who is in charge here. 告诉我这里谁负责。Everyone is guessing who Tom is going to marry. 人人都在猜测汤姆会与谁结婚。I can not make sense o
15、f what he said. 我不能明白他所说的话。In ones own home one can do what one likes.在自己家里可以随心所欲。nwhatever, whoever, whichever所引导的从句，无论做主语、宾语、还是表语，都有强调之意。例如：Whoever breaks the law will be punished. 无论是谁犯了法，都必定受到惩罚。I will give this book to whoever wants it. 谁要这本书，我就把它给谁。He wrote down whatever his teachers taught in
16、 class. 他记下老师在上课时教的所有东西。Take whichever shirt you like best. 你最喜欢哪件衬衫就拿哪件吧。n以上所有例句都表明，在所有的名词性从句中，主语与谓语不可颠倒，即从句应是陈述语序。例如：I wonder what her name is and where she comes from.我不知道她叫什么名字，来自哪里。I dont know what the matter is with him today. 我不懂他今天是怎么回事。n引引导导同同位位语语从从句句例如：I have no idea when he will return. 我
17、不知道他什么时候回来。No one can explain the question why he will go. 没人能解释他为什么要去。Then arose the question where we could get the machine we needed. 那么问题是我们到哪里弄到所需要的机器。n历历年年同同类类考考题题n 1. I dont doubt _ the stock market will recover from the economic crisis. (2007. 12)n A. if B. what C. that D. whichn2. News came
18、 from the sales manager _ the new product had been selling well in the local market for three months. (2007. 12)nA. whose B. what C. which D. thatn3.There is no evidence _ oil price will come down in the near futuren(2006. 12)nA. which B. that C. where D. asn4.What do you think of his suggestion _ w
19、e all attend the meeting?n(2006. 6)nA. which B. whether C. that D. whatn5. She didnt know _ to express her ideas clearly when she was invited to speak at a meeting. (2005. 12)nA. where B. why C. what D. hown6. We were all excited at the news _ our annual sales had more than doubled. (2004.12)nA. whi
20、ch B. that C. it D. whatn7.There are so many dresses there that I really dont know _ to choose.n (2003. 12)nA. whether B. when C. which D. whyn8.He wanted to know _ child it was on the grass. (2003. 6)nA. that B. whose C. what D. whomn9.He got a message from Miss Zhang _ Professor Wang couldnt see h
21、im the following day. (2003. 6)n A. which B. whom C. that D. whatn10. _ breaks the law will be punished sooner or late. (2002. 12)n A. Who B. Someone C. Anyone D. Whoevern11. The news _ the Chinese football team had won the match excited all of us. (2002. 6)n A. that B. which C. what D. asn12. _ wok
22、e me up was a loud cry from someone in the next room. n(2002. 12)nA. How B. That C. What D. Whichn专专项项练练习习nChoose the best answer to complete each sentence:n1. _ he says, Im going.nA. Whatever B. Whether C. That D. Ifn 2. Energy is _ makes things work.n A. what B. something C. anything D. thatn3. In
23、formation has been received _ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.n A. while B. that C. when D. asn4. This is _ the Shenzhou V Spaceship landed.n A. there B. in which C. where D. whenn5. They are all wondering _.n A. where he has gone B. where did he go n C. which place h
24、as he gone D. where has he gonen6. _ do you think will give us a talk?n A. which B. what C. who D. whomn7. _ the accident happened is still a complete mystery.n A. What B. That C. How D. Whichn8. _ appeared to me that he enjoyed the film very much.n A. What B. It C. All that D. Thatn9. _ he will go
25、to work in a mountain village is uncertain.n A. What B. That C. Whether D. Ifn10. I dont know _ they will do with this old machine.n A. how B. what C. that D. whenn11. My father was sure _ I would overcome my fears.n A. that B. what C. as D. whichn12. It happened _ John wasnt there that day.n A. if
26、B. how C. why D. that n13. One of the main reasons men have gone into female-dominated fields is _ jobs are available in these fields.n A. because B. why C. that D. forn14. _ it is expensive or not is the crucial question.n A. That B. Whether C. Which D. Hown15. _ is the richest men in this town.n A
27、. Whom do you think B. Who do you thinkn C. Do you think who D. Who you thinkn16. It was not clear _ the burglar entered the room.n A. what B. where C. how D. whichn17. The reason why he did not come to the meeting was _ he was ill.n A. because B. because of C. that D. whichn18. I dont doubt _ they
28、will be here.n A. that B. whether C. if D. whenn19. _ we need more practice is quite clear.n A. What B. / C. That D. Whenn20. _ this material can be used in our factory has not been studied yet.n A. Which B. What C. That D. Whethern21. _ will take part in the physics contest will be announced at thi
29、s meeting.n A. Who B. Whom C. Which D. Thatn22. _ the 2016 Olympic Games will be held in New York is not known yet.n A. Whenever B. If C. Whether D. Thatn23. _ knows the truth about it will tell you.n A. Who that B. That C. Whoever D. That whon24. I doubt _ we will pass the exam.n A. whether B. that
30、 C. what D. /n25. _ he will start off to Shanghai isnt known to us.n A. That B. Which C. Because D. Whenn26. He couldnt remember _. n A. what was the formulae B. what the formulae wasn C. what were the formulae D. what the formulae weren27. If you had told us earlier _ he was, we could have introduc
31、ed him at the party.n A. whom B. whoever C. who D. whichn28. He will tell us _ he thinks of our arrangement.n A. what B. that C. which D. whethern29. _ one is ignorant of the law is not accepted as an excuse for breaking the law.n A. Which B. Whether C. That D. Whenn30. I doubt _ he will lend you th
32、e book.n A. that B. which C. when D. whether n31. The music was terrible. Thats _ they left the party.n A. how B. why C. what D. becausen32. _ some mammals come to live in the sea is not known.n A. How B. Since C. If D. Whichn33. Do you know _? n A. when does the movie start B. if does the movie sta
33、rtn C. what time the movie starts D. what time starts the movien34. I have made it clear _ I will never go back on my word.n A. when B. where C. that D. howevern35. I will give my books to _ needs them.n A. who B. whoever C. that D. whomn36. _ a good thing that they didnt catch you.n A. Thats B. The
34、res C. Its D. Whatsn37. _ a table spoonful of soil can tell us so much about the structure an dearly history of the moon.n A. Remarkably B. It is remarkable that n C. Quite remarkably D. It is remarkable fact that n38. He worked too hard. That is _ is wrong with him.n A. that which B. what C. the wh
35、at D. the thing whatn39. “What is that building?” “_ the garden equipment is stored.”n A. There is in which B. The building that n C. Thats where D. Thats the building whichn40. One reason why women live longer than men after retirement is _ women can continue to do something they are used to doing.
36、n A. that B. why C. because D. what n41. Do you remember where _ my watch?n A. had I put B. I had put C. had put I D. put I n42. “When are your parents going to Florida?” “They havent decided when _.”n A. they are going B. they do go C. are they going D. do they gon43. Ask him how much _ before you
37、make the decision.n A. did it cost B. it costs C. it was costed D. it costed n44. He wondered _. n A. what will be his wifes reaction B. what would his wifes reaction benC. how would be his wifes reaction D. what his wifes reaction would ben45. There is also a fat lady who asked Alex _ he wanted som
38、ething to eat.n A. what B. that C. if D. whichn46. “What did the teacher say to you just now?” “She asked me _.”n A. whether or not I finished my work B. did I finish my work or notn C. is my work finished or not D. if or not I have finished my workn47. She was surprised _.n A. how simple was his pr
39、oblem B. how was his problem simplen C. how his problem was simple D. how simple his problem wasn48. _ he did was quite wrong, yet he would never admit it.n A. What B. That C. If D. Whichn49. He didnt live up to _ had been expected of him.n A. which B. what C. all what D. that n50. He was delighted at _. n A. how the airline had been efficient B. how had the airline been efficientn C. how efficient had been the airline D. how efficient the airline had been
