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1、Passage APassage BReturn to MenuReturn to MenuUnit 1Unit 1Passage AThink About ItRead About ItTalk About ItWrite About It1. What is the message that the tree frog tries to send us?We must take the responsibility for the planet to stay livable before it is too late.Reference:2. What has happened to f
2、rogs?The frog was endangered by the worsening environment.Reference:3. How are we and frogs related?Man and animals are related as we live in the same environment.Reference:Read About ItLanguage PointsContent AwarenessLanguage FocusFrog StoryA couple of odd things have happened lately.I have a log c
3、abin in those woods of Northern Wisconsin. I built it by hand and also added a greenhouse to the front of it. It is a joy to live in. In fact, I work out of my home doing audio production and environmental work. As a tool of that trade I have a computer and a studio.I also have a tree frog that has
4、taken up residence in my studio.How odd, I thought, last November when I first noticed him sitting atop my sound-board over my computer. I figured that he (and I say he, though I really dont have a clue if she is a he or vice versa) would be more comfortable in the greenhouse. So I put him in the gr
5、eenhouse. Back he came. And stayed. After a while I got quite used to the fact that as I would check my morning email and on-line news, he would be there with me surveying the world.Then, Then, last last week, week, as as he he was was climbing climbing around around looking looking like like a a sm
6、all small gray/green gray/green human, human, I I started started to wonder about him.to wonder about him.So, So, there there I I was, was, working working in in my my studio studio and and my my computer computer was was humminghumming along. along. I I had had to stop when to stop when Tree Frog w
7、ent across my view. He stopped and turned around and just sat there looking at me. Well, I sat back and looked at him. For five months now he had been riding there with me and I was suddenly overtaken by an urge to know why he was there and not in the greenhouse, where I figured hed live a happier f
8、rog life.“Why are you here,” I found myself asking him.As I looked at him, dead on, his eyes looked directly at me and I heard a tone. The tone seemed to hit me right in the center of my mind. It sounded very nearly like the same one as my computer. In that tone I could hear him “say” to me, “Becaus
9、e I want you to understand”. Yo. That was weird. “Understand what?” my mind jumped in. Then, after a moment of feeling this communication, I felt I understood why he was there. I came to understand that frogs simply want to hear other frogs and to communicate. Possibly the tone of my computer sounde
10、d to him like other tree frogs.Interesting.I kept working. I was working on a story about global climate change and had just received a fax from a friend. The fax said that the earth was warming at 1.9 degrees each decade. At that rate I knew that the maple trees that I love to tap each spring for s
11、yrup would not survive for my children. My beautiful Wisconsin would become a prairie by the next generation.At that moment Tree Frog leaped across my foot and sat on the floor in front of my computer. He then reached up his hand to his left ear and cupped it there. He sat before the computer and re
12、ached up his right hand to his other ear. He turned his head this way and that listening to that tone. Very focused. He then began to turn a very subtle, but brilliant shade of green and leaped full force onto the computer.And then I remembered the story about the frogs that I had heard last year on
13、 public radio. It said frogs were dying around the world. It said that because frogs skin was like a lung turned inside out, their skin was being affected by pollution and global climate change. It said that frogs were being found whose skin was like paper. All dried up. It said that frogs were an “
14、indicator species”. That frogs will die first because of the sensitivity.Then, I understood.The frogs have a message for us and it is the same message that some sober folks have had for us. “There are no more choices.” We have reached the time when we must be the adults for the planet, for the sake
15、of the future generations of human and for frogs.Because we are related.Then I understood that there are no boundaries, that there is no more time.That we, for the sake of our relatives, must act now.And then I understood, not only why the frog was there, but, also why I am here.WisconsinWisconsinWi
16、sconsin Wisconsin is is a a state state in in the the north north central central United United States. States. Its Its total total area area is is 169,642 169,642 sq sq km. km. The The name name of of the the state state comes comes from from an an Indian Indian word word that that may may mean mea
17、n “gathering “gathering of of the the waters” waters” or or “place “place of of the the beaver”. beaver”. The The capital capital is is Madison. Madison. Wisconsin Wisconsin ranks ranks 18th 18th in in population population (5,169,677 (5,169,677 by by 1997 1997 estimate) estimate) among among the th
18、e 50 50 states states and and is is an an important important state state in in terms terms of of the the value value of of its its manufacturing. manufacturing. Wisconsin Wisconsin remains remains a a leading leading dairy dairy state, state, accounting accounting for for about about 14% 14% (1999)
19、 (1999) of of U.S. U.S. milk milk and and 27% 27% (1999) (1999) of of the the nations output of cheese.nations output of cheese.Despite Despite Wisconsins Wisconsins many many lakes, lakes, ponds, ponds, and and rivers, rivers, drought drought especially especially in in summer summer can can be be
20、a a serious problem.serious problem. tree frogtree frogAlso Also known known as as tree tree toad, toad, tree tree frog frog refers refers to to a a family family of of small small to to medium-sized medium-sized frogs, frogs, found found in in temperate temperate and and tropical tropical areas are
21、as throughout throughout the the world. world. Most Most tree tree frogs frogs have have expanded expanded disks ondisks ontheir their toes toes that that enable enable them them to to cling cling to to surfaces. surfaces. Body Body color color ranges ranges from from brown brown and and gray gray t
22、o to green. green. They They eat eat mainly mainly insects. insects. The The gray gray tree tree frog frog is is common throughout the eastern United Smon throughout the eastern United States. audioaudio adj. adj. related to recording and broadcasting sound related to recording and broadcasting soun
23、d ExamplesExamples With With such such an an audioaudio card card in in your your computer, computer, you you can produce your own music. can produce your own music. AudioAudio signals will be given when traffic light signals will be given when traffic light changes. changes. atopatop prep. prep. on
24、 top of something on top of something ExamplesExamples Under Under the the newspaper, newspaper, atopatop a a sheet sheet of of paper, paper, lay lay an envelope. an envelope. There is a seagull There is a seagull atopatop the mast. the mast. vicevice versaversa used used when when the the opposite
25、opposite of of a a situation situation that that has has been been just described is also true just described is also true ExamplesExamples He doesnt trust her, and He doesnt trust her, and vice versavice versa. . Teachers Teachers qualified qualified to to teach teach in in England England are are
26、not not accepted in Scotland and accepted in Scotland and vice versavice versa. . humhum v. v. to make a low, continuous sound to make a low, continuous sound ExamplesExamples The birds sang, and the bees The birds sang, and the bees hummedhummed. . Within half an hour of his arrival, the equipment
27、Within half an hour of his arrival, the equipment started started humminghumming again. again. overtakeovertake v. v. to come upon unexpectedly; take by surprise to come upon unexpectedly; take by surprise ExamplesExamples Something like panic Something like panic overtookovertook me in a flood. me
28、in a flood. The people all over the world were The people all over the world were overtakenovertaken by by the 9-11 attack in New York. the 9-11 attack in New York. urgeurge n.n. a strong wish or need a strong wish or need ExamplesExamples The The people people with with a a powerful powerful urgeur
29、ge to to compete compete and and succeed are more likely to have heart attacks. succeed are more likely to have heart attacks. When I was young, I often felt an When I was young, I often felt an urgeurge for for chocolate. chocolate. tonetone n.n. the the quality quality of of a a sound, sound, espe
30、cially especially the the sound sound of of a a musical instrument or someones voice musical instrument or someones voice ExamplesExamples It It wasnt wasnt so so much much what what she she said said that that annoyed annoyed me it was her me it was her tonetone. . He told the story to his parents
31、in pleasant He told the story to his parents in pleasant tonestones. . weirdweird adj.adj. unusual unusual and and different different from from anything anything you you have have seen seen or or heard before heard before ExamplesExamples Mikes got a really Mikes got a really weirdweird sense of hu
32、mor. sense of humor. Drugs can make one do all kinds of Drugs can make one do all kinds of weirdweird things. things. communicatecommunicate v. v. to to exchange exchange information information or or conversation conversation with with other other people people ExamplesExamples They They communicat
33、ecommunicate in sign language with ease. in sign language with ease. Its Its cheap cheap and and efficient efficient to to use use e-mail e-mail to to communicatecommunicate with with your your friends friends wherever wherever they they may be. may be. at this/that rateat this/that rate if things c
34、ontinue to happen in the same way as now if things continue to happen in the same way as now ExamplesExamples At this rateAt this rate, we shall soon be bankrupt. , we shall soon be bankrupt. At this rateAt this rate, well never be home by midnight. , well never be home by midnight. survivesurvive v
35、. v. to to continue continue to to exist exist in in spite spite of of many many difficulties difficulties and and dangers dangers ExamplesExamples When When the the market market economy economy is is introduced, introduced, many many factories will have difficulties to factories will have difficul
36、ties to survivesurvive. . The chance of The chance of survivingsurviving an air crash always is an air crash always is slim if not nil. slim if not nil. focusfocusv. v. to to pay pay special special attention attention to to a a particular particular person person or or thing thing instead of others
37、 instead of others ExamplesExamples I I cannot cannot focusfocus my my attention attention on on my my study study with with such a noise. such a noise. The TV program The TV program focusesfocuses on the cause why on the cause why people take drugs. people take drugs. subtlesubtle adj.adj. not not
38、easy easy to to notice notice or or understand understand unless unless you you pay pay careful attention careful attention ExamplesExamples The The two two pictures pictures are are similar, similar, but but there there are are subtlesubtle differences between them. differences between them. The Th
39、e slow slow and and subtlesubtle changes changes are are taking taking place place in in all living things.all living things. brilliantbrilliant adj.adj. bright, shining bright, shining ExamplesExamples The woman had The woman had brilliantbrilliant green eyes. green eyes. The sky was a The sky was
40、a brilliantbrilliant, cloudless blue. , cloudless blue. indicatorindicator n.n. sth. sth. that that can can be be regarded regarded as as a a sign sign which which shows shows you you in in what way a situation is changingwhat way a situation is changingExamplesExamples All All the the indicatorsind
41、icators show show that that there there will will be be a a rise rise in in the stock market before long. the stock market before long. The The number number of of wells wells is is a a fair fair indicatorindicator of of the the demand for water. demand for water. speciesspecies n.n. a a group group
42、 of of animals animals or or plants plants which which are are all all similar similar and and can can breed breed together together to to produce produce young young animals animals or or plants plants of the same kind as them of the same kind as them ExamplesExamples Panda Panda has has been been
43、declared declared an an endangered endangered speciesspecies. . Some people believe that the Internet is the Some people believe that the Internet is the greatest tool our greatest tool our speciesspecies has invented. has invented. sensitivitysensitivity n.n. the the quality quality of of being bei
44、ng easily easily influenced, influenced, changed changed or or damaged, esp. by a physical activity or effect damaged, esp. by a physical activity or effect ExamplesExamples Sex Sex education education at at school school is is cautiously cautiously pushed pushed because of the cultural because of t
45、he cultural sensitivitysensitivity. . The The sensitivitysensitivity of the information allowed only of the information allowed only two people to know it. two people to know it. sobersober adj.adj. serious serious and and thoughtful; thoughtful; not not affected affected by by drug drug or or alcoh
46、olic liquors alcoholic liquors ExamplesExamples Halloween is never a day to be Halloween is never a day to be sobersober. . The party was in a The party was in a sobersober mood, people just mood, people just standing there chatting politely. standing there chatting politely. boundaryboundary n.n. t
47、he the official official line line that that marks marks the the edge edge of of town, town, country, country, etc. etc. ExamplesExamples Terrorists operate across national Terrorists operate across national boundariesboundaries. . Conquering any difficulty always gives one a Conquering any difficul
48、ty always gives one a secret joy, for it means pushing back a secret joy, for it means pushing back a boundaryboundary-line and adding to ones liberty.-line and adding to ones liberty. for the sake offor the sake of because of, or for the purpose of because of, or for the purpose of ExamplesExamples
49、 Lets Lets not not disagree disagree for for the the sake sake ofof some some small small details. details. For the sake ofFor the sake of historical accuracy, please historical accuracy, please permit me to state the true facts. permit me to state the true facts. . . I I was was suddenly suddenly o
50、vertaken overtaken by by an an urge urge to to know know why why he he was was there there and and not not in in the the greenhouse, greenhouse, where I figured hed live a happier frog life.where I figured hed live a happier frog life.ParaphraseParaphrase ParaphraseParaphraseSuddenly I had a strong
51、urge to know why he was there and not in the greenhouse, where I thought hed live a happier frog life.The The tone tone seemed seemed to to hit hit me me right right in in the the center center of of my mind.my mind.ParaphraseParaphrase ParaphraseParaphraseThe tone seemed to attract my intense atten
52、tion.“Understand what?” my mind jumped in.“Understand what?” my mind jumped in.ParaphraseParaphrase ParaphraseParaphrase“Understand what?” the question came into my mind.The The fax fax said said that that the the earth earth is is warming warming at at 1.9 1.9 degrees each decade.degrees each decad
53、e.ParaphraseParaphrase ParaphraseParaphraseThe fax said that the earth is getting 1.9 degrees warmer every ten years.Read and think Exercise 2Exercise 3Exercise 4Content AwarenessEx. 2 Work in pairs to make a conversation between the author and the frog. You play the author and your partner the frog
54、, or vice versa. The conversation should cover the following steps. You and the frog greet each other.1You ask the frog why he prefers the studio to the greenhouse.2The frog tells you why he comes to you.3You tell the frog what you will do.4Ex. 3 Find out more supporting details in the passage for t
55、he following statements, especially the underlined parts.1 A couple of odd things have happened lately.(Para. 1)_(Para. 3) I put the frog in the greenhouse. Back he came. And stayed.(Para. 4)_(Para. 6) A tree frog has taken up residence in my studio.He stopped and turned around and just sat there lo
56、oking at me.Ex. 3 Find out more supporting details in the passage for the following statements, especially the underlined parts.2 I felt I understood why he was there.(Para. 8) Frogs simply want to hear other frogs and to communicate.(Para. 8)_(Para. 8)Possibly the tone of my computer sounded to him
57、 like other tree frogs.Ex. 3 Find out more supporting details in the passage for the following statements, especially the underlined parts.3 I remembered the story about the frogs. (Para. 12)_(Para. 12) Because frogs skin is like a lung turned inside out, their skin was being affected by pollution a
58、nd global climate change.(Para. 12)_(Para. 12) _(Para. 12) Frogs will die first because of the sensitivity.(Para. 12) Frogs were dying around the world.Frogs were being found whose skin was like paper.Frogs are an “indicator species”. Ex. 3 Find out more supporting details in the passage for the fol
59、lowing statements, especially the underlined parts.4 Then, I understood.(Para. 13)_(Para. 14)_(Para. 14) We (humans and frogs) are related.(Para. 15)_(Para. 16) We must act now.(Para. 17)The frogs have a message for us.We must be the adults for the planet.There are no boundaries, that there is no mo
60、re time.Ex. 4 Fill in each of the blanks with an appropriate word. I found a tree frog in my studio some months ago. I took it to my g_, as I thought it would be a better place for the frog. But it came back and insisted taking the r_ in the studio. Why? I couldnt get an idea. Then, after five month
61、s of being together, we seemed to be able to c_ with each other. It may sound w_, but I did feel I came to understand what it wanted me to do. The frog came to me probably attracted by the h_ tone of my computer, which sounded like that of other tree frogs, or with a m_ to tell me that frogs were dy
62、ing around the world because of their s_ to the pollution and global climate change. As frogs are an “i_ species”, what has happened to them may happen to us, if we sit back and do nothing. We must act now, or it would be too late.Check upCheck upI found a tree frog in my studio some months ago. I t
63、ook it to my g_, as I thought it would be a better place for the frog. But it came back and insisted taking the r_ in the studio. Why? I couldnt get an idea. Then, after five months of being together, we seemed to be able to c_ with each other. It may sound w_, but I did feel I came to understand wh
64、at it wanted me to do. The frog came to me probably attracted by the h_ tone of my computer, which sounded like that of other tree frogs, or with a m_ to tell me that frogs were dying around the world because of their s_ to the pollution and global climate change. As frogs are an “i_ species”, what
65、has happened to them may happen to us, if we sit back and do nothing. We must act now, or it would be too late.greenhouseresidencecommunicatewiredhummingmessagesensitivityindicatorEx. 4 Fill in each of the blanks with an appropriate word. Read and complete: Exercise 5 Exercise 6 Exercise 7Read and t
66、ranslate: Exercise 8Read and simulate: Exercise 9Language FocusEx. 5 Pair each word in the left column with a word associated in meaning in the right column, and then make a sentence with the paired words. Model:1. sodaa. urge2. overtakeb. thirsty1. I was so thirsty that I drank up the soda.2. Seein
67、g the poor conditions of the village school on TV, thousands of people were overtaken by an urge to helpEx. 5 Pair each word in the left column with a word associated in meaning in the right column, and then make a sentence with the paired words. Check upCheck up1.tonea. smell (n.)2.sensitivityb. af
68、fect (v.)3.climatec. concern (n.)4.tap (v.)d. threatening5.environmente. resourceEx. 5 Pair each word in the left column with a word associated in meaning in the right column, and then make a sentence with the paired words. 1.tonea. smell (n.)2.sensitivityb. affect (v.)3.climatec. concern (n.)4.tap
69、(v.)d. threatening5.environmente. resource1. He didnt raise his voice, but his tone was obviously threatening.1. toned. threateningEx. 5 Pair each word in the left column with a word associated in meaning in the right column, and then make a sentence with the paired words. _Reference:2. sensitivitya
70、. smell (n.)Ex. 5 Pair each word in the left column with a word associated in meaning in the right column, and then make a sentence with the paired words. 2. Some people report that their car sickness is often caused by their sensitivity to the smell of gasoline._Reference:3. climated. affect (v.)Ex
71、. 5 Pair each word in the left column with a word associated in meaning in the right column, and then make a sentence with the paired words. 3. The farmers are very much worried that their crops would be affected by the severe climate change._Reference:4. tap (v.)e. resourceEx. 5 Pair each word in t
72、he left column with a word associated in meaning in the right column, and then make a sentence with the paired words. 4. Recent years have seen great efforts to tap new resources of energy._Reference:5. environmentc. concern (n.)Ex. 5 Pair each word in the left column with a word associated in meani
73、ng in the right column, and then make a sentence with the paired words. 5. There are more concerns about the local environment due to heavy use of chemicals._Reference:1. The essayists language expresses rich and _ meanings. TTsubtlesubtleaudioboundarycup (v.)decadedirectlyfocusovertakespeciessubtle
74、tone2. The stockbrokers _ by the sharp drop in the stock market last Tuesday.TTwere overtakenwere overtakenEx. 6 Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Make changes where necessary. 3. Biologists have estimated that there are around one million animal and plant _ living and growing in the ra
75、inforests.TTspeciesspeciesaudioboundarycup (v.)decadedirectlyfocusovertakespeciessubtletone4. In the United States the cost of living has been steadily rising in the past few _.TTdecadesdecadesEx. 6 Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Make changes where necessary. 5. The quickly growing c
76、ompany has ambitious plans to expand beyond national _.TTboundariesboundariesaudioboundarycup (v.)decadedirectlyfocusovertakespeciessubtletone6. That computer store is having a sale of _ software; lets go and have a look.TTaudioaudioEx. 6 Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Make changes w
77、here necessary. 7. To be safe, you may put on your dark glasses to avoid the sun shining _ into your eyes.TTdirectlydirectlyaudioboundarycup (v.)decadedirectlyfocusovertakespeciessubtletone8. When the kitchen is finished, Im going to _ my attention on the garden shed.TTfocusfocusEx. 6 Fill in the bl
78、anks with the words given below. Make changes where necessary. 9. In a serious _ of voice, the doctor warned him to keep off sugar.TTtonetoneaudioboundarycup (v.)decadedirectlyfocusovertakespeciessubtletone10.She _ her hands around the mug of hot coffee to warm them.TTcuppedcuppedEx. 6 Fill in the b
79、lanks with the words given below. Make changes where necessary. Ex. 7 Complete the following sentences with phrases or expressions from the passage. Change the form where necessary.1. I didnt expect you to be so efficient; _, the task will be finished ahead of schedule. at that rate at that rateEx.
80、7 Complete the following sentences with phrases or expressions from the passage. Change the form where necessary.2. _ safety, you must keep all medicines away from children. For the sake ofEx. 7 Complete the following sentences with phrases or expressions from the passage. Change the form where nece
81、ssary.3. When we _ know these new employees better, we will assign more suitable tasks to each of them. come to come toEx. 7 Complete the following sentences with phrases or expressions from the passage. Change the form where necessary.4. This evening dress is rather expensive since it is made _. by
82、 handby handEx. 7 Complete the following sentences with phrases or expressions from the passage. Change the form where necessary.5. In the World Cup, England tried to beat its long-term rival Argentina and qualify from the “Group of Death” and _. vice versavice versa1. 年轻人有时会抱怨无法和父母沟通。(communicate w
83、ith) complain (of)Young people sometimes complain of being unable to communicate with their parents.Ex. 8 Translate the following sentences into English. (be) unable to communicate with their parents2. 能在中国云南的一个苗家村落住下来一直是玛丽长久以来的梦想，现在她终于梦想成真了。(take up residence) take up residenceIt has been Marys lon
84、g cherished dream to take up residence in a Miao village in Yunnan, China. Now her dream has finally come true.Ex. 8 Translate the following sentences into English. her dream has come true3. 家养的动物习惯于依赖人，因此很难能在野外活下来。(survive) (be) used to depending on humansDomestic animals are used to depending on h
85、umans, so it is difficult for them to survive in the wild.Ex. 8 Translate the following sentences into English. survive in the wild4. 他突然有种恐惧感，觉得自己会因为经济不景气而被公司裁员。(overtake) be suddenly overtaken by a fearHe was suddenly overtaken by a fear that he would be laid off by the company because of depressi
86、on.Ex. 8 Translate the following sentences into English. because of depression5. 我估计公交路线上堵车了，因为我都等了30分钟也没见一辆车开过去。(figure) there is a traffic jam on the route of the busI figure that there is a traffic jam on the route of the bus, for Ive waited for 30 minutes without seeing one passing by.Ex. 8 Tran
87、slate the following sentences into English. without seeing one passing byEx. 9 Read and compare the English sentences, paying attention to the italicized parts and translate the Chinese sentences by simulating the structure of the English sentences.1. I say he, though I really dont have a clue if sh
88、e is a he or vice versa. There is no reason for anyone to threaten us or vice versa.尽管存在贸易摩擦，美国离不开中国，反之亦然。尽管存在贸易摩擦，美国离不开中国，反之亦然。 Simulated reproduction:Simulated reproduction:Simulated translation:Simulated translation:In spite of trade frictions, the US cannot do without China or vice versa.Referen
89、ce:Reference:2. “Why are you here,” I found myself asking him. After one month of working in the company, John found himself doing paperwork all day long.如果你发现自己工作没有效率，你最好休息一会儿。如果你发现自己工作没有效率，你最好休息一会儿。Simulated reproduction:Simulated reproduction:Simulated translation:Simulated translation:If you fin
90、d yourself working without efficiency, youd better relax for a while.Reference:Reference:3. He turned his head this way and that listening to that tone. The former CEO tried to change the company this way and that but succeeded in nothing.演讲者先扫视了一下听众，然后才开始发言。演讲者先扫视了一下听众，然后才开始发言。 Simulated reproducti
91、on:Simulated reproduction:Simulated translation:Simulated translation:The speaker glanced around the audience this way and that before he started speaking.Reference:Reference:4. Possibly the tone of my computer sounded to him like other tree frogs.His voice on the phone sounded to me like a drowning
92、 man.父亲对我调换工作的意见让我听上去就像警告似的。父亲对我调换工作的意见让我听上去就像警告似的。 Simulated reproduction:Simulated reproduction:Simulated translation:Simulated translation:My fathers opinion on my job change sounded to me like a warning.Reference:Reference:5. That we, for the sake of our relatives, must act now.Many retired Amer
93、icans have moved from the northern states to Florida for the sake of sunny weather.为了更多的工作岗位，工会同意了放弃增加工资的要求。为了更多的工作岗位，工会同意了放弃增加工资的要求。 Simulated reproduction:Simulated reproduction:Simulated translation:Simulated translation:The labor union agreed to give up a pay increase for the sake of more job op
94、portunities.Reference:Reference:Tips:Tips:breathing breathing difficulty, difficulty, traffic traffic jams, jams, communication communication failure, horrible view, .failure, horrible view, .Ex. 10.Look at the pictures below and talk about the causes and effects of the natural disasters with the he
95、lp of the tips given.ReferenceReferenceTips:Tips:breathing breathing difficulty, difficulty, traffic traffic jams, jams, communication communication failure, horrible view, .failure, horrible view, .Ex. 10.Look at the pictures below and talk about the causes and effects of the natural disasters with
96、 the help of the tips given.The sandstorm is a horrible phenomenon. The clouds of dust are so heavy that you can hardly breathe. It is so dark that it may cause traffic accidents.Reference:Tips:Tips:crops losses, food / water shortages, .crops losses, food / water shortages, .Ex. 10.Look at the pict
97、ures below and talk about the causes and effects of the natural disasters with the help of the tips given.ReferenceReferenceTips:Tips:crops losses, food / water shortages, .crops losses, food / water shortages, .Ex. 10.Look at the pictures below and talk about the causes and effects of the natural d
98、isasters with the help of the tips given.Droughts result from lack of water, which is essential for plants and animals. The failure of crops leads to food shortage, and sometimes even famine.Reference:Tips:Tips:life and property losses, homeless, diseases, .life and property losses, homeless, diseas
99、es, .Ex. 10.Look at the pictures below and talk about the causes and effects of the natural disasters with the help of the tips given.ReferenceReferenceTips:Tips:life and property losses, homeless, diseases, .life and property losses, homeless, diseases, .Ex. 10.Look at the pictures below and talk a
100、bout the causes and effects of the natural disasters with the help of the tips given.The flood washes away houses, destroys fields, and causes life and property losses. People may be left homeless and suffer diseases.Reference:Tips:Tips:population population growth, growth, deforestation, deforestat
101、ion, over-cultivation, over-cultivation, pollution, pollution, global global warming, warming, imbalance imbalance of of the the ecosystem, ecosystem, .ReferenceReferenceTips:Tips:population population growth, growth, deforestation, deforestation, over-cultivation, over-cultivation, pollution, pollu
102、tion, global global warming, warming, imbalance imbalance of of the the ecosystem, ecosystem, .The increase of disasters is mainly caused by human activities. With the growth of population, we need more resources from the Earth. Deforestation, over-cultivation, together with other factors, lead to t
103、he imbalance of the ecosystem. And this in turn causes more natural disasters.Reference:Ex. 11.Read the sample below and write a short passage (100 120 words) to describe the urgent situation of an endangered species and call for help.The Jaguars Weeping CryI bet you already know that there are over
104、I bet you already know that there are over900 endangered species in our world! I hate900 endangered species in our world! I hatebeing one of them. I am a jaguar. We jaguarsbeing one of them. I am a jaguar. We jaguarsare are truly truly beautiful, beautiful, and and we we are are excellent excellent
105、climbers climbers and and fantastic fantastic swimmers. swimmers. My My relatives relatives and and I I are are not not critical critical about about food. food. Some Some people people even even say say that that we we use use our our tails tails to to lure lure fish fish to to us. us. Personally,
106、Personally, I I do do not not like like to to give give out out my my greatest greatest hunting hunting tricks, tricks, but but this this is is true. true. We We are are becoming becoming extinct extinct because because humans humans hunt hunt us us for for our our beautiful beautiful fur. fur. Besi
107、des, Besides, we we are are losing losing our our home home to to farmers farmers who who just just dont dont seem seem to to care care about about us. us. But But we we are are very very important important to to the the world. world. Please Please help help us. us. Were Were counting on you!counti
108、ng on you!Sample:Sample:Ex. 11.Read the sample below and write a short passage (100 120 words) to describe the urgent situation of an endangered species and call for help._Get information about an endangered species.Get information about an endangered species.FlamingoFlamingo KoalaKoala EagleEagle T
109、igerTigerPandaPandaEx. 11.Read the sample below and write a short passage (100 120 words) to describe the urgent situation of an endangered species and call for help.ReferenceReferenceGiant Giant pandas pandas are are a a critically critically endangered endangered species. species. Their Their exac
110、t exact number number in in the the wild wild is is unknown, unknown, but but scientists scientists believe believe there there are are about about 1,100 1,100 remaining remaining wild wild giant giant pandas. pandas. They They live live in in scattered scattered populations populations in in centra
111、l central China, China, mostly mostly in in Sichuan Sichuan Province, Province, but but also also in in Gansu Gansu and and Shaanxi Shaanxi Provinces. Provinces. Giant Giant pandas pandas specialize specialize in in eating eating bamboo, and sobamboo, and so if the temperate bamboo forests in the if
112、 the temperate bamboo forests in the mountains of central China are gone, theremountains of central China are gone, there will be no room for giant pandas in the wild. will be no room for giant pandas in the wild. Information for you:Flamingoes Flamingoes have have a a behavior behavior that that is
113、 is as as hard hard to to explain explain as as it it is is fun fun to to watch: watch: they they dance. dance. Posturing Posturing and and signaling signaling with with their their wings, wings, bowing bowing and and bending bending their their necks, necks, running running back back and and forth
114、forth as as a a group, group, and and then then suddenly suddenly taking taking flight flight to to wheel wheel around around the the edges edges of of the the lake lake a a crowd crowd of of dancing flamingoes is one of the strangest, most dancing flamingoes is one of the strangest, most breathtaki
115、ng sights in the natural world. breathtaking sights in the natural world. Do they do it simply for fun? No one is Do they do it simply for fun? No one is really sure.really sure.Information for you:Koalas Koalas are are tree-dwelling tree-dwelling animals animals that that live live only only in in
116、eastern eastern Australian Australian forests. forests. Koalas Koalas in in the the wild wild face face a a series series of of threats threats to to their their continued continued survival survival mostly mostly stemming stemming from from destruction destruction of of their their habitat habitat
117、for for human human uses uses and and associated associated threats threats like like cars, cars, dogs and disease. Over 80% of the dogs and disease. Over 80% of the Koalas natural habitat has been destroyedKoalas natural habitat has been destroyed and of the remaining 20% almost none is and of the
118、remaining 20% almost none is protected. Humans compete with koalasprotected. Humans compete with koalas for land use throughout much of the koalas for land use throughout much of the koalas range. range.Information for you:Eagles Eagles are are large large predatory predatory birds birds that that h
119、ave have been been symbols symbols of of power, power, courage, courage, and and immortality immortality since since ancient ancient times. times. Although Although once once abundant, abundant, some some eagles eagles are are becoming becoming rare rare and and face face extinction. extinction. Eag
120、les Eagles are are noted noted for for their their strength strength and and keen keen vision. vision. Most Most eagles eagles range range from from 60 60 to to 90 90 cm cm long long and and have have wingspans wingspans of of about 180 cm. All eagles have large, heavy, hookedabout 180 cm. All eagle
121、s have large, heavy, hookedbills bills ( (喙喙) ) and strong, sharp claws. They prey on and strong, sharp claws. They prey on such small animals as fish, birds, snakes, monkeys,such small animals as fish, birds, snakes, monkeys,and rabbits. They have very sharp eyesight and huntand rabbits. They have
122、very sharp eyesight and huntwhile soaring high in the air. The eagles swoop downwhile soaring high in the air. The eagles swoop downat great speed to make the kill with their powerfulat great speed to make the kill with their powerful claws. claws. Information for you:At At the the beginning beginni
123、ng of of the the 20th 20th century century it it is is estimated estimated that that there there were were 100,000 100,000 wild wild tigers, tigers, today today the the number number is is less less than than 8,000. 8,000. Simply Simply put, put, tigers tigers are are disappearing disappearing in in
124、 the the wild. wild. Across Across all all of of Asia, Asia, once once vast vast forests forests have have fallen fallen for for timber timber or or conversion conversion to to agriculture. agriculture. As As forest forest space space is is reduced, reduced, the the number number of of animals anima
125、ls left left in in the the forest forest is is also also reduced, reduced, and and tigers tigers cannot cannot find find the the prey prey they they need need to to survive. survive. Even Even though though it it is is illegal illegal to to kill a tiger, wild tigers arekill a tiger, wild tigers are
126、still being hunted today because their still being hunted today because their bones, furs and other body parts can bones, furs and other body parts can be sold on the black market for a lot of be sold on the black market for a lot of money.money.Information for you:The Pandas Weeping CryIm one of th
127、e endangered species. I do notIm one of the endangered species. I do nothave many relatives left in this world, and thatshave many relatives left in this world, and thatswhy people usually can only see us in the zoos. why people usually can only see us in the zoos. Although we are taken good care of
128、 and live Although we are taken good care of and live comfortably there, we long for bushes in the comfortably there, we long for bushes in the mountains. mountains. As As you you know, know, we we pandas pandas are are very very critical critical about about food. food. Young Young and and fresh fr
129、esh bamboo bamboo branches branches are are our our favorite. favorite. But But sometimes sometimes bamboos bamboos would would bloom bloom and and die. die. When When this this happens, happens, many many of of us us would would have have a a hard hard time time surviving surviving and and some som
130、e may may even even die die of of hunger. hunger. Most Most people people love love us us for for what what we we are, are, but but some some still still risk risk to to hunt hunt us us for for money money and and make make us us even even fewer fewer in in the the world. world. Please Please help h
131、elp us. us. We We count count on on you!you!Reference:Passage BThink About ItRead About ItBefore reading Passage B, try to think about and discuss what has happened to the environment.ForestDeforestedDesert1. What is Mission Zero?It is a goal set by Interface that the company will eliminate any nega
132、tive impact Interface has on the environment by the year 2020.Reference:2. What can we do to achieve sustainability?We can start doing something first, then do something else. Only when everyone in our society is involved can we expect to transform our entire system into a sustainable one.Reference:
133、Read About ItLanguage PointsContent AwarenessLanguage FocusReading Skill PracticeTranslating Skill PracticeMission ZeroMission ZeroRay C. Anderson ( July 28, 1934 - August 8, 2011) was founder and chairman of Interface, Inc., one of the worlds largest manufacturers of modular carpet for commercial a
134、nd residential applications. He was “known in environmental circles for his advanced and progressive stance on industrial ecology and sustainability.”“If it exists, it must be possible”, asserts Amory Lovins, co-founder and chief scientist of the Rocky Mountain Institute think tank. He is talking ab
135、out my company. Fellow industrialists, I dare say, thought my ambition impossible to realize when fourteen years ago I described my aspirations for Interface Inc. to turn into what it actually is becoming today. Indeed, around then, the CEO of a major competitor looked at me in the eye, and said, “R
136、ay, you are a dreamer.” Yet, as Amory says, “If it exists ”The “impossible” that exists today is a petroleum-intensive carpet manufacturer (for both energy and raw material) that has reduced net greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 88 percent, in absolute tons, and its water usage by 79 percent since 1
137、996, even as sales have grown by two-thirds and earnings have doubled. In 1994 Interface set out on a mission “to be the first industrial company that, by its deeds, shows the entire industrial world what sustainability is, in all its dimensions: people, process, product, profit, and place.” Our def
138、inition of sustainability is to operate our petro- intensive company so as to take from the Earth only that which is naturally and rapidly renewable, and to do no harm to the biosphere.Cumulatively, we have avoided $372 million in costs by eliminating waste, in a quest that is half way to achieving
139、waste-free perfection by 2020. We define waste as any cost that does not add value for our customers. This translates ambitiously into doing everything right the first time, every time. We even define energy that still comes from fossil fuels as waste, something to be eliminated. Indeed, while offse
140、ts have a critical role to play in helping Interface (and, indeed, all of us) to reach our sustainability goals, we will not achieve them until we begin to redefine fossil fuel energy in this way. Sounds incredible? Remember, “If it exists ”Indeed our belching smokestacks, our gushing effluent pipes
141、, our mountains of waste all completely legal provided tangible proof that business was good. They meant jobs, orders coming in, products going out, and money in the bank. That all changed with a question that came from our customers: “What is Interface doing for the environment?” We had not heard t
142、hat question before, and had no good answers. For a “customer-intimate” company, this was untenable. Looking for an answer and a determination to respond with credible, demonstrable, and measurable results and transparent accountability set us on this course.Can taking a profitable business apart at
143、 the height of its success make business sense? The waste elimination initiative alone and the avoided costs of $372 million over 13 years have more than offset all the investments and expenses incurred in pursuit of our goal which we now call “Mission Zero”: zero environmental impacts by the year 2
144、020. This has allowed the business case for sustainability to develop and become crystal clear. Costs are down, not up dispelling a myth and exposing the false choice between the environment and the economy.Amazingly, this initiative has produced a better business model, a better way to bigger and m
145、ore legitimate profits. It out-competes its competitors in the rough and tumble of the marketplace, but not at the expense of the Earth or future generations. Instead it includes Earth and generations not yet born in win-win-win relationships. As validation of this, the Interface share price has mov
146、ed from $2 to $20 in four years, as we have dug out of the deepest, longest recession in our industrys history, a recession we might not have survived without the enormous boost of sustainability.But, what about the big picture? What does the Interface journey have to teach us? A sustainable society
147、 into the indefinite future depends totally and absolutely on a vast, ethically driven redesign of the industrial system, triggered by an equally vast mind-shift one mind at a time, one organization at a time, one technology at a time, one building, one company, one university curriculum, one commun
148、ity, one region, one industry at a time until the entire system has been transformed into a sustainable one existing ethically in balance with Earths natural systems, upon which every living thing, even civilization itself, utterly depends.One person, you, can make the difference in your organizatio
149、n. The key is: Do something, then do something else.modular modular adj. designed and made with standardized units that can designed and made with standardized units that can be joined together be joined together ExamplesExamples The The copy copy machine machine is is modularmodular in in design, d
150、esign, making making it easy to change a part when needed. it easy to change a part when needed. The The students students are are required required to to complete complete at at least least two-thirds two-thirds of of the the modularmodular programs programs and and pass pass the the examinations e
151、xaminations of of the the selected selected courses courses before before they are granted the National Certificate. they are granted the National Certificate. residential residential adj. of a place or a house where people live of a place or a house where people live ExamplesExamples The The constr
152、uction construction of of new new residentialresidential buildings buildings this this year year has has come come down down by by 15% 15% due due to to the the tight tight control of bank loans.control of bank loans. The The traffic traffic is is not not so so bad bad through through residentialres
153、idential areas even during rush hours. areas even during rush hours. ecology ecology n. balance of relationships between plants, animals, balance of relationships between plants, animals, people, and the environment people, and the environment ExamplesExamples The The dam dam to to be be built built
154、 may may meet meet the the rising rising demand demand for for electricity, electricity, but but would would threaten threaten the the local local ecologyecology. . The The government government has has come come to to recognize recognize that that stricter stricter rules rules need need to to be be
155、 set set to to protect protect the the ecologyecology. . sustainability sustainability n. being able to continue without causing damage to the being able to continue without causing damage to the environment environment ExamplesExamples Nothing Nothing is is more more important important to to raise
156、 raise the the awareness awareness of of environmental environmental sustainabilitysustainability, , or or it it would be too late.would be too late. We We are are faced faced with with a a difficult difficult choice, choice, because because economic economic growth growth seeks seeks to to increase
157、 increase wealth, wealth, and and sustainabilitysustainability seeks only to preserve it. seeks only to preserve it. intensive intensive adj. -intensive: used with a noun in front a lot of sth is -intensive: used with a noun in front a lot of sth is needed needed ExamplesExamples While While agricul
158、ture agriculture is is labor-intensive labor-intensive in in many many countries, countries, it it is is capital-capital-intensiveintensive in in the the United United States.States. Turning Turning raw raw materials materials into into usable usable products products is is an an energy-energy-inten
159、siveintensive manufacturing process. manufacturing process. emission emission n. the release of sth such as gas or radiation into the the release of sth such as gas or radiation into the atmosphere atmosphere ExamplesExamples Even Even the the richest richest nations nations claimed claimed that tha
160、t the the costs costs of of cutting cutting emissionsemissions would would be be economically economically impossible for them.impossible for them. Much Much of of the the effort effort to to reduce reduce automobile automobile emissionsemissions in in major major cities cities of of China China has
161、 has centered centered on developing fully electric public vehicles. on developing fully electric public vehicles. mission mission n. a particular task or duty to be undertaken a particular task or duty to be undertaken ExamplesExamples Some Some people people are are excited excited about about the
162、 the plans plans for for a a new new space space missionmission to to Mars, Mars, while while others others are are worried about the huge expenses.worried about the huge expenses. It It is is untenable untenable to to accomplish accomplish the the peacekeeping peacekeeping missionmission by sending
163、 more soldiers. by sending more soldiers. quest quest n. a long and difficult search a long and difficult search ExamplesExamples The The success success may may be be shining shining but but the the scientific scientific questquest can be a lonely and rough road. can be a lonely and rough road. Soo
164、n Soon after after she she landed landed her her present present job, job, she she began a began a questquest for an apartment she could afford. for an apartment she could afford. half wayhalf way in the middle of a period of time or of an event in the middle of a period of time or of an event Examp
165、lesExamples The The EU EU is is more more than than half half wayway toward toward cutting cutting emissions emissions by by 20% 20% from from 1990 1990 levels levels by by 2020, 2020, a a report shows.report shows. The The sun sun is is about about 4.57 4.57 billion billion years years old, old, ab
166、out about half wayhalf way through its life. through its life. eliminate eliminate v. to remove the unwanted or unnecessary to remove the unwanted or unnecessary ExamplesExamples We We build build more more roadways roadways to to eliminateeliminate traffic traffic jams, jams, but but the the more m
167、ore roadways roadways are are built, built, the the more more traffic jams occur.traffic jams occur. Drug Drug abuse abuse is is far far from from being being eliminatedeliminated in in spite spite of all the efforts made. of all the efforts made. offset offset n. n. sth that compensates for sth els
168、esth that compensates for sth else v v. . to compensate for; to remove or reduce the negative to compensate for; to remove or reduce the negative effectseffectsExamplesExamples A A taxpayer taxpayer can can use use tax tax offsetsoffsets to to reduce reduce the the amount amount of of tax tax if if
169、he he has has a a parent parent or or a a child child to to support.support. Farmers Farmers loss loss in in the the floods floods earlier earlier this this year year is is partially partially offsetoffset by the rising price of crops. by the rising price of crops. take aparttake apart to separate (
170、sth) into component parts to separate (sth) into component parts ExamplesExamples The The children children in in the the kindergarten kindergarten are are encouraged encouraged to to take take the the toys toys apartapart and and then then put put them them together. together. You You have have to
171、to take take the the bed bed apartapart to to move move it it out out of of the room. the room. at the heightat the height at the point when sth or sb is at its or his / her best or at the point when sth or sb is at its or his / her best or strongest strongest ExamplesExamples He He was was at at th
172、e the heightheight of of his his career career when when he he was was caught by cancer.caught by cancer. Even Even at at the the heightheight of of its its development, development, the the company company is is still still very very cautious cautious about about international international expansi
173、on. expansion. incur incur v. to cause oneself to suffer to cause oneself to suffer ExamplesExamples The The ill ill management management of of the the company company has has incurredincurred a a 20% 20% rise rise of of costs, costs, thus thus eliminating eliminating all all the profits.the profit
174、s. In In order order not not to to incurincur further further debt, debt, the the giant giant motor motor manufacturer manufacturer decided decided to to slow slow down down its its expansion. expansion. in pursuit ofin pursuit of with the aim of getting sth with the aim of getting sth ExamplesExamp
175、les It It is is not not unusual unusual nowadays nowadays that that some some people, people, in in pursuit pursuit ofof beauty, beauty, are are willing willing to to undergo undergo risky risky plastic operations.plastic operations. A A charity charity should should not not be be operated operated
176、in in pursuit pursuit ofof profits, but in the public interests. profits, but in the public interests. impact impact n. an important or noticeable effect on sb or sth an important or noticeable effect on sb or sth ExamplesExamples The The widely widely reported reported flaw flaw of of the the camer
177、as cameras quality quality will surely have a negative will surely have a negative impactimpact on sales. on sales. Falling Falling export export rates rates made made a a considerable considerable impactimpact on the countrys economy. on the countrys economy. at the expense ofat the expense of with
178、 loss or damage to sth with loss or damage to sth ExamplesExamples We We cant cant speed speed up up production production at at the the expense expense ofof quality.quality. Is Is it it wise wise to to spend spend all all the the time time to to prepare prepare students students for for the the Mat
179、riculation Matriculation Examination Examination at at the the expense expense ofof other, other, maybe maybe more more important important instructions? instructions? boost boost n. a push upward or ahead a push upward or ahead ExamplesExamples The The open open support support by by Warren Warren
180、Buffett, Buffett, a a world world famous famous investor, investor, was was a a huge huge boostboost to to the the Chinese car manufacturer.Chinese car manufacturer. The The three three college college students students were were surprised surprised by by a a business business boostboost when when s
181、omeone someone offered offered an an investment of 1.5 million in their innovation. investment of 1.5 million in their innovation. sustainable sustainable adj. able to continue without causing damage to the able to continue without causing damage to the environment environment ExamplesExamples As As
182、 the the economy economy is is slowing slowing down, down, it it is is expected expected that that China China would would be be on on a a path path for for longer longer sustainablesustainable growth. growth. We We believe believe environmentally environmentally sustainablesustainable development i
183、s what we are striving for. development is what we are striving for. trigger trigger v. to cause to happen or exist to cause to happen or exist ExamplesExamples The The large-scale large-scale power power failure failure was was triggeredtriggered by by the thick ice on the power lines.the thick ice
184、 on the power lines. No No report report has has been been made made on on what what triggeredtriggered the the fire. fire. transform transform v. to change the nature, function, or condition of to change the nature, function, or condition of ExamplesExamples The The village village was was transfor
185、medtransformed into into a a modern modern city city in the past three decades. in the past three decades. If If a a device device could could be be transformedtransformed into into a a piece piece of of art, then Jobs has done it with iMac. art, then Jobs has done it with iMac. This This translates
186、 translates ambitiously ambitiously into into doing doing everything everything right the first time, every time.right the first time, every time.ParaphraseParaphrase ParaphraseParaphraseThis (definition) expresses our ambition to do everything right the first time, every time.Costs Costs are are do
187、wn, down, not not up up dispelling dispelling a a myth myth and and exposing exposing the the false false choice choice between between the the environment and the economy.environment and the economy.ParaphraseParaphrase ParaphraseParaphraseCosts are coming down, not going up, and this has wiped out
188、 a wrong belief that we could only choose one of the two, either the environment or the economy.Instead Instead it it includes includes Earth Earth and and generations generations not not yet yet born in win-win-win relationships.born in win-win-win relationships.ParaphraseParaphrase ParaphraseParap
189、hraseInstead this initiative benefits not only Interface, but also Earth and generations not yet born.But, what about the big picture?But, what about the big picture?ParaphraseParaphrase ParaphraseParaphraseBut, what about the situation as a whole?1. What was the attitude of other industrialists whe
190、n the author announced what he wanted to achieve 14 years ago?A) Supportive. B) Opposed.C) Approving.D) Suspicious.Ex. 12Choose the best answer to each question with the information from the passage.1. What was the attitude of other industrialists when the author announced what he wanted to achieve
191、14 years ago?A) Supportive. B) Opposed.C) Approving.D) Suspicious.2. The author believes that to achieve sustainability, his company must _.A) try by all means to avoid any harm to the biosphereB) be more profitable to afford the rising cost of petroleumC) focus more on the people, process, product,
192、 profit and placeD) take only that is natural as its energy and materialEx. 12Choose the best answer to each question with the information from the passage.2. The author believes that to achieve sustainability, his company must _.A) try by all means to avoid any harm to the biosphereB) be more profi
193、table to afford the rising cost of petroleumC) focus more on the people, process, product, profit and placeD) take only that is natural as its energy and material3. According to the definition of the author, which of the following is regarded as waste?A) Anything that increases production cost.B) An
194、ything from fossil fuels used as energy.C) Anything that added value for customers.D) Anything that offsets the rising costs.Ex. 12Choose the best answer to each question with the information from the passage.3. According to the definition of the author, which of the following is regarded as waste?A
195、) Anything that increases production cost.B) Anything from fossil fuels used as energy.C) Anything that added value for customers.D) Anything that offsets the rising costs.4. For Interface, the goal of “Mission Zero” is to _.A) be completely legal in its waste disposalB) turn itself to a customer-in
196、timate companyC) draw a line between the environment and the economyD) achieve waste-free perfection while remaining profitableEx. 12Choose the best answer to each question with the information from the passage.4. For Interface, the goal of “Mission Zero” is to _.A) be completely legal in its waste
197、disposalB) turn itself to a customer-intimate companyC) draw a line between the environment and the economyD) achieve waste-free perfection while remaining profitable5. Which of the following statements about Interface is true?A) Interface has increased its costs to achieve the goal of “Mission Zero
198、”.B) The success of Interface is grounded on its emphasis on sustainability.C) To protect the Earth, Interface has given up competition in the market.D) The Interface share price has sharply risen because of the recession.Ex. 12Choose the best answer to each question with the information from the pa
199、ssage.5. Which of the following statements about Interface is true?A) Interface has increased its costs to achieve the goal of “Mission Zero”.B) The success of Interface is grounded on its emphasis on sustainability.C) To protect the Earth, Interface has given up competition in the market.D) The Int
200、erface share price has sharply risen because of the recession.Language FocusVocabulary (Ex. 13)Phrases (Ex. 14)Translation (Ex. 15)Ex. 13Decide on the meaning of the suffix or prefix (in italics) of each compound word, and make a sentence with each of the given compound words.1ReferenceReferenceWORD
201、MEANING IN THE CONTEXTpetroleum-intensive giving extreme and constant care or attention involving a lot of effort, energy, or attention indicating the use of a lot of a particular thinglabor-intensiveknowledge-intensiveEx. 13Decide on the meaning of the suffix or prefix (in italics) of each compound
202、 word, and make a sentence with each of the given compound words.WORDMEANING IN THE CONTEXTpetroleum-intensive giving extreme and constant care or attention involving a lot of effort, energy, or attention indicating the use of a lot of a particular thinglabor-intensiveknowledge-intensive1The labor-i
203、ntensive products such as shoes, clothes, toys, hardware and so on, come primarily from small enterprises.As agriculture has become more knowledge-intensive, farmers have greatly improved output with less land and labor.Ex. 13Decide on the meaning of the suffix or prefix (in italics) of each compoun
204、d word, and make a sentence with each of the given compound words.WORDMEANING IN THE CONTEXTwaste-free without a particular thing without cost or payment not limited or controlledalcohol-freeduty-free2ReferenceReferenceEx. 13Decide on the meaning of the suffix or prefix (in italics) of each compound
205、 word, and make a sentence with each of the given compound words.WORDMEANING IN THE CONTEXTwaste-free without a particular thing without cost or payment not limited or controlledalcohol-freeduty-free2As the punishment for drunk driving is getting more severe, the sale of alcohol-free beer is on the
206、rise.Part of the attraction to the island is that tourists can buy imported goods there at duty-free prices.Ex. 13Decide on the meaning of the suffix or prefix (in italics) of each compound word, and make a sentence with each of the given compound words.ReferenceReferenceWORDMEANING IN THE CONTEXTcu
207、stomer-intimate having thorough knowledge of something relating to very private or personal matters having a very close and friendly relationshipclient-intimateuser-intimate3Ex. 13Decide on the meaning of the suffix or prefix (in italics) of each compound word, and make a sentence with each of the g
208、iven compound words.WORDMEANING IN THE CONTEXTcustomer-intimate having thorough knowledge of something relating to very private or personal matters having a very close and friendly relationshipclient-intimateuser-intimate3Our client-intimate service contributes much to the growth of the company.The
209、GPS is designed in a user-intimate approach, and you can easily find your way just by a few touches on its screen.Ex. 13Decide on the meaning of the suffix or prefix (in italics) of each compound word, and make a sentence with each of the given compound words.ReferenceReferenceWORDMEANING IN THE CON
210、TEXTco-founder partner or associate in an activity or job to the same extent or degree in a less important or assistant positionco-sponsorco-author4Ex. 13Decide on the meaning of the suffix or prefix (in italics) of each compound word, and make a sentence with each of the given compound words.WORDME
211、ANING IN THE CONTEXTco-founder partner or associate in an activity or job to the same extent or degree in a less important or assistant positionco-sponsorco-author4As the proud co-sponsor of the conference, we come not only to offer our support, but also share our experience.Penn, co-author of Natio
212、nal Food And Agriculture Policy, has served for three years as a senior economist at the United States Department of Agriculture.Ex. 13Decide on the meaning of the suffix or prefix (in italics) of each compound word, and make a sentence with each of the given compound words.WORDMEANING IN THE CONTEX
213、Tout-compete away from the central part or area in a better, faster or further way showing the result of an actionout-sellout-rank5ReferenceReferenceEx. 13Decide on the meaning of the suffix or prefix (in italics) of each compound word, and make a sentence with each of the given compound words.WORDM
214、EANING IN THE CONTEXTout-compete away from the central part or area in a better, faster or further way showing the result of an actionout-sellout-rank5For the first time, smartphones have out-sold PCs in terms of number of units in the first quarter of this year.Using keywords in the title of your b
215、log posts helps out-rank others in search engines.1. Apple turned into a profitable business with a few very popular products.A) built upB) set upC) movedD) becameEx. 14Choose the word or expression that is closest in meaning to the underlined part in each sentence below. 2. After many years of doin
216、g nothing about banning smoking in public, the government set out on it.A) set downB) set asideC) set offD) set upEx. 14Choose the word or expression that is closest in meaning to the underlined part in each sentence below. 3. An uproar came from the audience as the most promising racing athlete sto
217、pped half way.A) midwayB) right awayC) on the wrong trackD) off the trackEx. 14Choose the word or expression that is closest in meaning to the underlined part in each sentence below. 4. Replacing the battery is an easy job; you dont have to take your watch apart.A) take . awayB) take . to piecesC) p
218、ull . downD) pull . awayEx. 14Choose the word or expression that is closest in meaning to the underlined part in each sentence below. 5. Its almost impossible to catch a taxi at the height of the rush hour anywhere in this city.A) at the peak ofB) at the point ofC) at the moment ofD) at the beginnin
219、g ofEx. 14Choose the word or expression that is closest in meaning to the underlined part in each sentence below. 6. It doesnt make sense to spend so much on this phone when you can buy a much cheaper one with similar functions.A) seem responsibleB) make it possibleC) tell anythingD) have a good rea
220、sonEx. 14Choose the word or expression that is closest in meaning to the underlined part in each sentence below. 7. All the team members display high levels of energy and motivation in pursuit of the objectives.A) to achieveB) to followC) to work outD) to move towardEx. 14Choose the word or expressi
221、on that is closest in meaning to the underlined part in each sentence below. 8. The whole world is following closely how the country will dig out of its financial trouble.A) deal withB) controlC) settleD) work outEx. 14Choose the word or expression that is closest in meaning to the underlined part i
222、n each sentence below. Ex. 15Translate the following paragraphs into English.1. 十年前，当公司还处在生产的鼎盛时期时，我们就决定投资新技术，将公司转型为技术密集型企业。由于拥有先进技术，我们在激烈动荡的市场竞争中脱颖而出。现在我们的成本下降了百分之三十，销售业绩却上涨了三分之二，利润翻了一番。at the height of its productiona technology-intensive companyin the rough and tumble of the marketplaceTranslate
223、the whole paragraph.Translate the whole paragraph.Ex. 15Translate the following paragraphs into English.Ten years ago, when our company was at the height of its production, we decided to invest in new technologies, so as to turn our company into a technology-intensive one. With our advanced technolo
224、gies, we out-competed all our competitors in the rough and tumble of the marketplace. Now we have reduced the cost by 30 percent, even as / while our sales have grown by two-thirds and the earnings have doubled.1. 十年前，当公司还处在生产的鼎盛时期时，我们就决定投资新技术，将公司转型为技术密集型企业。由于拥有先进技术，我们在激烈动荡的市场竞争中脱颖而出。现在我们的成本下降了百分之三十
225、，销售业绩却上涨了三分之二，利润翻了一番。Ex. 15Translate the following paragraphs into English.2. 我们将可持续性定义为保持企业盈利，但不以环境为代价。从商业的角度看，这合理吗？事实上，在追求可持续发展目标的过程中，我们的收益已经超过了所有的投资和开支。可持续发展的推进起到了如此重要的作用，帮助我们撑过了史上最深重的经济衰退。define sustainability as keeping a business profitablewhat we get has more than offset all the investments a
226、nd expenseshelped us survive the deepest recession in the historyTranslate the whole paragraph.Translate the whole paragraph.Ex. 15Translate the following paragraphs into English.We define sustainability as keeping a business profitable, but not at the expense of the environment. Does this make good
227、 business sense? Actually, what we get has more than offset all the investments and expenses incurred in pursuit of the goal of sustainable development. The boost of sustainability made such a difference that it helped us survive the deepest recession in the history.2. 我们将可持续性定义为保持企业盈利，但不以环境为代价。从商业的
228、角度看，这合理吗？事实上，在追求可持续发展目标的过程中，我们的收益已经超过了所有的投资和开支。可持续发展的推进起到了如此重要的作用，帮助我们撑过了史上最深重的经济衰退。When you come across a new word or expression while reading, you can often figure out its meaning from the context the other words in the sentence and the other sentences in the paragraph, or your own knowledge. Ther
229、e are, at least, five major types of context clues:ExampleModern medicine and new methods of food production allow adults to live longer and babies to survive, not die soon after birth.(Here “not die” helps us to know what survive means.) The definition or restatement of a new word may be in parenth
230、eses ( ), after a dash (), after a comma (,), or after a phrase like that is or i.e. 1. Definition and restatementExampleExample The waste elimination wont get you into scrapes. On the contrary, the avoided costs may more than offset all the investments and expenses.(The words after “on the contrary
231、” make it clear: get you into scrapes must have something to do with financial problems.) 2. Words with opposite meaningExampleThe simplest way to help the environment is not to impact on it. Tread as lightly as you can, take as little as possible, and put back as much as you can. (Impact can be und
232、erstood through the examples of “treading lightly”, “taking little” and “putting back much”.) 3. Examples ExampleFellow industrialists, I dare say, thought my ambition impossible to realize when fourteen years ago I described my aspirations for Interface Inc. to turn into what it actually is becomin
233、g today.(It is evident that the meaning of aspirations is similar to that of ambition mentioned in front.)4. Words with same or similar meanings ExampleTrees bring water up from the ground, allowing water to evaporate into the atmosphere. (From our common sense we can get the meaning of evaporate as
234、 “to change from a liquid state to a gas.”) 5. General knowledgeEx. 16Ex. 161. These problems are worsening, not getting better. Ex. 16Read the following sentences carefully and try to make out the meaning of the italicized words._from bad to worsefrom bad to worse2. It was the spring of hope; and i
235、t was the winter of despair. Ex. 16Read the following sentences carefully and try to make out the meaning of the italicized words._loss of hope loss of hope 3. Global warming results from the burning of fossil fuels, such as petroleum products, resulting in the release of greenhouse gases into the a
236、tmosphere. Ex. 16Read the following sentences carefully and try to make out the meaning of the italicized words._fuels like petroleum and coalfuels like petroleum and coal4. The evaporated water then returns as rain, which is vital to areas that are naturally arid. Ex. 16Read the following sentences
237、 carefully and try to make out the meaning of the italicized words._very dry very dry 5. Millions of people are moving away from rural areas in other countries. In other words, in much of the world there is an exodus from the countryside to the cities. Ex. 16Read the following sentences carefully an
238、d try to make out the meaning of the italicized words._a movement away from a placea movement away from a placeEx. 17Ex. 17Ex. 17Translate the following sentences into Chinese, paying special attention to the italicized parts.1. This initiative out-competes its competitors in the rough and tumble of
239、 the marketplace._这一举措在竞争艰难而残酷的市场上胜过了所有对手。Ex. 17Translate the following sentences into Chinese, paying special attention to the italicized parts.2. The generation gap shows clearly on spending: young people would spend on all kinds of stuff, while elders tend to economize. _代沟明显表现在消费上：年轻人什么都会去买，而老年人
240、则喜欢节俭。Ex. 17Translate the following sentences into Chinese, paying special attention to the italicized parts.3. The invention of machinery had brought into the world a new era the Industrial Age. Money had become king. _机器的发明使世界进入了一个新纪元工业时代，金钱主宰了一切。Ex. 17Translate the following sentences into Chines
241、e, paying special attention to the italicized parts.4. Every life has its roses and thorns. _每个人的生活都有酸甜苦辣。Ex. 17Translate the following sentences into Chinese, paying special attention to the italicized parts.5. Dr. McKinley broke his neck to make the public aware of the grave environmental problems
242、. _麦肯立博士竭尽全力唤起公众对严峻的环保问题的关注。Ex. 17Translate the following sentences into Chinese, paying special attention to the italicized parts.6. I was extremely terrified by that news. _那条消息让我毛骨悚然。Ex. 17Translate the following sentences into Chinese, paying special attention to the italicized parts.7. She used
243、 so many technical terms in her speech that the audience could make neither head nor tail of it. _她在演讲中用了许多术语，听众听得莫名其妙。Ex. 17Translate the following sentences into Chinese, paying special attention to the italicized parts.8. These problems are too complicated to be explained clearly in a few words._这些问题盘根错节，三言两语说不清楚。Go to Passage AGo to Passage AGo to MenuGo to MenuGo to Passage BGo to Passage BRead & ExploreRead & Explore
