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1、英语句法（一）英语句法（一）语法系列语法系列 1沐风教资一一.英语句子的基本成分有英语句子的基本成分有8种：种：主语主语 (subject) 谓语谓语 (predicate) 宾语宾语 (object) 定语定语 (attribute) 状语状语 (adverbial) 补语补语 (complement) 表语表语 (predicative) 同位语同位语(Appositive)2沐风教资主语主语 不及物动词不及物动词She came/ My head aches.主语主语 及物动词及物动词 宾语宾语She likes English.主语主语 系动词系动词 主语补语主语补语She is ha
2、ppy主语主语 双宾动词双宾动词 间接宾语间接宾语 直接宾语直接宾语She gave John a bookShe bought a book for me.主语主语 宾补动词宾补动词 宾语宾语 宾语补语宾语补语She makes her mother angryThe teacher asked me to read the passage.There +beThere lies a book on the desk.简单句基本句型实例简单句基本句型实例3沐风教资简单句的基本词序简单句的基本词序主语主语动词部分动词部分宾语宾语 状语状语（谓语）（谓语） 方式方式 地点地点 时间时间Iboug
3、hta hat yesterday.The children ran home.The taxi driver shouted at me angrily.We ate our meal in silence.The car stopped suddenly.A young girl walked confidently in the room.They drove him away in a police car.4沐风教资基本句型实例基本句型实例1. SV (主语主语 不及物动词不及物动词)She came.My head aches.The baby is crying.5沐风教资基本句
4、型实例基本句型实例2. SVC (主语主语 系动词系动词 表语表语)She is happyHe is a student.6沐风教资基本句型实例基本句型实例3. SVO (主语主语 及物动词及物动词 宾语宾语)She likes English.She bought a skirt.7沐风教资基本句型实例基本句型实例4. SVoO (主语动词间接宾语直接宾语主语动词间接宾语直接宾语)She gave John a bookShe bought a book for me.8沐风教资基本句型实例基本句型实例5. SVOC (主语动词主语动词 宾语宾语补语宾语宾语补语)She makes her
5、 mother angryWe believed him honest.The teacher asked me to read the passage.9沐风教资基本句型实例基本句型实例6. SVA (主语主语 动词动词 状语状语)They live in Los Angeles.7. SVOA (主语主语+ 动词动词 + 宾语宾语 + 状语状语)He put the coin in his mouth.10沐风教资附属成份附属成份基本成份的修饰语，可以是：基本成份的修饰语，可以是： 定语：即用来修饰名词的单词、定语：即用来修饰名词的单词、短语或从句短语或从句 状语：即用来修饰名词或代词状语
6、：即用来修饰名词或代词以外的词的单词、短语或从句。以外的词的单词、短语或从句。11沐风教资 句子成分随堂练习句子成分随堂练习 找出下列各句中所包含的句子成分找出下列各句中所包含的句子成分12沐风教资Last week I went to the supermarket.Last week I went to the supermarket. 状状 主主 谓谓 状状The play was very interesting.The play was very interesting. 主主 系状表系状表I cant hear a word.I cant hear a word. 主谓主谓 宾宾T
7、hey were talking loudly.They were talking loudly. 主主 谓谓 状状13沐风教资It was Sunday.It was Sunday. 主主 系系 表表I get up early on Sundays.I get up early on Sundays. 主谓状状主谓状状I looked at the young man and the young woman angrily.I looked at the young man and the 主谓主谓 宾宾young woman angrily. 宾宾 状状14沐风教资I read a fe
8、w lines,but I didnt understand a word.I read a few lines,but I didnt 主主 谓谓 定定 宾宾 连连 主谓主谓understand a word. 谓谓 宾宾My holidays passed quickly,but I didnt send cards to my friends.My holidays passed quickly,but I 主谓状主谓状 连主连主didnt send cards to my friends.谓谓 宾宾 状状15沐风教资I got up early and bought thirty ca
9、rds.I got up early and bought thirty cards. 主谓主谓 状状 连连 谓谓 定定 宾宾He is working for a big firm and he has already visited a great number of different places in Australia.He is working for a big firm and he has 主主 谓谓 状状 连主谓连主谓already visited a great number of different 状谓状谓 定定 定定places in Australia.宾宾 定
10、定16沐风教资He has just bought a car and has gone to Alice Springs,a small town in the centre of Australia.He has just bought a car and 主谓主谓 状状 谓谓 宾连宾连has gone to Alice Springs,a small town 谓谓状同位语状同位语in the centre of Australia.定定17沐风教资He calls at every house in the street once a month and always asks for a meal and a glass of beer.He calls at every house in the street 主主 谓谓 宾宾 定定 once a month and always asks for状状 连连 状状 谓谓a meal and a glass of beer. 宾宾18沐风教资19沐风教资
