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1、GrammarGrammarMy First Ride on a TrainGrammar 1 1. Observation & Discussion (4m) Recall the sentences from My First Ride on a Train, and fill in the blanks with one proper word, then discuss the questions below.1._ camels carried food and other supplies.2.We saw _ farms which were more than a hundre
2、d years ago.3.We ate great meals _ by experts. Are these words past participles of verbs? Are these words past participles of verbs? What part of speech are these words used in the What part of speech are these words used in the sentences above?sentences above? What is difference between the first t
3、wo and the third What is difference between the first two and the third sentence as to the word order? Why is it like that?sentence as to the word order? Why is it like that?TrainedTrainedabandonedabandonedcookedcookedThe ed form used as attributives-ed分词既可以作前置定语分词既可以作前置定语,也可以作后也可以作后置定语。置定语。1.单个的过去分
4、词作定语作前置定语。单个的过去分词作定语作前置定语。2.过去分词短语通常作后置定语。过去分词短语通常作后置定语。 无论过去分词充当前置定语还是后置无论过去分词充当前置定语还是后置定语都相当于一个定语从句。定语都相当于一个定语从句。Grammar IA. 及物动词的过去分词具有被动和完成及物动词的过去分词具有被动和完成意义。意义。 如如: a broken cup 一个破杯子一个破杯子a wounded soldier一名伤员一名伤员B. 不及物动词的具有主动和完成意义。不及物动词的具有主动和完成意义。a grown woman一位成年妇女一位成年妇女an escaped prisoner一名逃
5、犯一名逃犯如如: the color TV set produced last year =the color TV set that were produced last year 去年生产的彩色电视机去年生产的彩色电视机 a letter written to me by my daughter =a letter that was written to me by my daughter 一封我女儿写给我的信一封我女儿写给我的信C.还可表示无时间被动：只表被动的动还可表示无时间被动：只表被动的动作不表示过去的时间。如：作不表示过去的时间。如：e.g:The TVs made in Chi
6、na(=the TVs which/that are made in China) is popular with the people in Russia. D。 表示与句中谓语动词相应的经常性表示与句中谓语动词相应的经常性的动作。如：的动作。如：如：如：He was then a professor respected (that was respected) by all the teachers and students of the college. 当时他是一个受这所大学里全体师当时他是一个受这所大学里全体师生尊敬的教授。生尊敬的教授。3. 个别单个的过去分词作前置定语或后个别单个
7、的过去分词作前置定语或后置定语时置定语时,表达的含义不同。如：表达的含义不同。如：前置定语前置定语后置定语后置定语a concerned look关切的神色关切的神色the authorities concerned有关当局有关当局a wanted person 被通缉的人被通缉的人jobs wanted需要的工作需要的工作in a given condition 在一定条件下在一定条件下a present given by the student 学生送的礼物学生送的礼物a used car一辆旧车一辆旧车a car used一辆用过的车一辆用过的车 4.某些动词的过去分词已转化成了形容词，
8、某些动词的过去分词已转化成了形容词，表示某人的内心感受，有时还可以修饰表示某人的内心感受，有时还可以修饰voiceexpression,look等名词，表示透过某人的声等名词，表示透过某人的声音和表情而显示出某人的内心感受。音和表情而显示出某人的内心感受。e.g: His amazed expression showed that He was amazed at the news.5.某些动词的过去分词在长期使用中的已转某些动词的过去分词在长期使用中的已转化成了形容词，没有被动和完成的意义，只表化成了形容词，没有被动和完成的意义，只表状态。如：状态。如：well-informed, well
9、-known, experienced, married, used, given, Concerned.e.g: The experienced teacher is respected by all the students.6.现在分词和过去分词作定语的区别：现在分词和过去分词作定语的区别：（1）过去分词作定语表示被动且完成；而现）过去分词作定语表示被动且完成；而现在分词作定语表示主动或正在进行在分词作定语表示主动或正在进行,动词不动词不定时表示将来的动作。定时表示将来的动作。 boiling water: 沸腾的水沸腾的水 boiled water: 烧开过的水（白开水）烧开过的水（白
10、开水） falling leaves: 正在下落的叶子正在下落的叶子 fallen leaves: 已经下落的叶子已经下落的叶子 Do you have something important to do?（2）某些动词的现在分词表示）某些动词的现在分词表示“令人感到令人感到的的”,过去分词表示过去分词表示 “感到感到的的”，表示某，表示某人的内心感受。人的内心感受。 exciting:令人感到兴奋的令人感到兴奋的 excited: 感到兴奋的感到兴奋的7. doing 的被动语态是的被动语态是being done to do 的被动语态是的被动语态是 to be done1.The girl
11、 being questioned now is my classmate.2.The house to be built next year is a meeting room.Step :Do exercise 1: We lived in the house A. told by an old woman 2: We bought a camel B.written by LuXun. 3: I saw a film C.abandoned by grandfa my years ago.4: I ate an excellent meal D. trained by an Afghan
12、 man. 5:I listened to a story E.directed by SteveSpielberg 6:I read two books F.cooked by my brother.1.Dont use words, expressions or phrases _ only to people with specific knowledge. A. being known B. having been known C. to be known D. known语法练习语法练习(一一)2. Reading is an experience quite different f
13、rom watching TV; there are pictures _ in your mind instead of before your eyes. A. to form B. form C. formed D. having formed3. there was an _ look on his face when the actress appeared. A. excited B. excitement C. exciting D. excitedly4. Its wrong for the _ countries to control the world. A. develo
14、pment B. developing C. developed D. develop5. I have collected the money _. A. needing B. need C. to need D. needed6. The bridge _ next year will be very long. A. being built B. to be built C. built D. building7. The book can be used in _ countries. A. English-speaking B. English-spoken C. speaking-
15、English D. spoken-English8. From his _ voice, I have to say that you are really_. A. disappointed; disappointed B. disappointing; disappointing C. disappointed; disappointing D. disappointing; disappointed9. This is the problem_ at the meeting yesterday. A. being discussed; B. having discussed C. to
16、 be discussed D. discussed10. The _ look on his face suggested that he had not expected so. A. surprised B. surprising C. excited D. excitingScanning readingFind the past tense time expressions: Recently along time ago during the day A hundred and fifty years ago One night Until the 1920s At (about)
17、 midnight In 1925Past Tense Time Expressions1. 常用的表示过去的时间状语有常用的表示过去的时间状语有:recently, during the day, one night, a long time ago, until the 1920s, in 1925, for many years, just now, at that time, during his middle school years, then, last night/year/week /month, a week /month/ year ago , in the old da
18、ys Grammar II:2. 表示过去的习惯性、重复性的动作表示过去的习惯性、重复性的动作,常常用一定的时间状语或频度状语用一定的时间状语或频度状语, 如：如： I played football every week when I was young. I used to go shopping during weekdays. 3. 在时间，条件，让步状语从句中，如果主在时间，条件，让步状语从句中，如果主从句都表过去将来，从句用一般过去时表从句都表过去将来，从句用一般过去时表将来，主句用过去将来时。将来，主句用过去将来时。 He said he would tell the news
19、to her if he saw her.1.1.上周末上周末, ,简吃了一顿由外婆做的好饭。简吃了一顿由外婆做的好饭。Last weekend, Jane ate a nice meal (which was) cooked by her grandmother. 2. 2. 昨天晚上昨天晚上, ,她完成作业后就上床睡觉了。她完成作业后就上床睡觉了。She went to bed after she finished her homework last night.Translation3. . 前几天前几天, Robert , Robert 去北京出差了。去北京出差了。 Robert we
20、nt to Beijing on business a few days ago.4.4.过去玛丽一周来拜访我一次。过去玛丽一周来拜访我一次。 Mary used to pay a visit to /visit me once a week.functionHomework 1. Preview “Vocabulary”, “Writing” and “Cultural Corner”.2. Finish the grammar exercise on the paper.3. Translate the following sentences:我刚才指的是昨天讨论的那个问题.(refer to)他们再也不需要受过训练的骆驼了.在午夜时,我只剩下5元钱了.同学们来学校和回家的路上要注意安全同学们来学校和回家的路上要注意安全同学们来学校和回家的路上要注意安全同学们来学校和回家的路上要注意安全
