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1、第第2424讲讲 Unit 24 SocietyUnit 24 Society第第2424讲讲Unit 24 SocietyUnit 24 Society第第2424讲讲 美文欣赏美文欣赏美文欣赏2011湖南卷湖南卷 Directions：Write an English composition according to the instructions given below in Chinese.假设你参加所在年级的英文写作比赛，请按如下要求完成假设你参加所在年级的英文写作比赛，请按如下要求完成一篇短文：一篇短文：1简要描述下图内容，并点明主题；简要描述下图内容，并点明主题；2联系实际，表
2、达该图带给你的启示。联系实际，表达该图带给你的启示。 注意：1.词数不少于120；2不能使用真实姓名和学校名称。第第2424讲讲 美文欣赏美文欣赏【精彩美文】 Countless drops of water bring the sea its vastness；every single tree is the indispensable element of a verdant forest；we people as individuals constitute the society. In order to achieve a goal，everyone ought to make hi
3、s own contributions.第第2424讲讲 美文欣赏美文欣赏We are often advised，by people around，to choose those specific popular majors in university in the future，for they think we will be able to enjoy a happier and easier life after graduation if we are doctors，engineers or government officials.However，as far as I am
4、 concerned，as long as an individual is contributing his or her part to the society，he or she should be respected，no matter how low the class of his or her job is.As the above picture shows，if every one of us successfully assumes our responsibility，our earth will become a lovely home for human beings
5、.第第2424讲讲 美文欣赏美文欣赏【全品点睛】 行文逻辑：提出观点分析论证解决问题。较好地使用了连接词语，如： however，as far as I am concerned等。 词汇短语：运用了较高难度的词汇。如：make his own contributions，specific，assume，contributeto等。 句式句法：运用了多样化的句式和句法结构。如：for引导并列句，if引导的是条件状语从句：for they think we will be able to enjoy a happier and easier life after graduation if we
6、 are doctors，engineers or government officials；条件状语从句：as long as an individual is contributing his or her part to the society；让步状语从句：no matter how low the class of his or her job is. 第第2424讲讲 美文欣赏美文欣赏基础梳理.单词荟萃单词荟萃1. _ adj. 自愿的自愿的_n. 自愿者自愿者2. _ n. 货币货币_adj. 通用的，现在的通用的，现在的3. _vt. 统治，治理统治，治理_ n. 政府政府_
7、n. 统治者，管辖者统治者，管辖者4. _ vt & vi. 辞职辞职 _ n. 辞职辞职5. _vt. 选举，推选选举，推选_ n. 选举选举6. _ n. 食品杂货商食品杂货商_ n. 杂货店杂货店7. _n. 口渴口渴_adj. 渴的渴的第第2424讲讲 基础梳理基础梳理voluntaryvolunteercurrencycurrentgoverngovernmentgovernorresignresignationelectelectiongrocergrocerythirstthirsty8. _ n. 容器_vt. 包含，包括9. _vt. 废除_ n. 废除， 废止10. _ a
8、dv. 因此，所以 _ adj. 作为结果的， 随之发生的 _ n. 结果，后果第第2424讲讲 基础梳理基础梳理containercontainabolishabolitionconsequentlyconsequentconsequence.短语检测1形成，产生 2转折点 3故意惹恼 4炫耀 5撞上某人 6原则上 7判某人死刑 8富裕的 9除外 10认真对待某人/某物 第第2424讲讲 基础梳理基础梳理come into beingturning pointwind sb. upshow offknock into sb.on principlesentence sb. to deathw
9、ell offapart fromtake sb./sth. seriously.佳句再现1Trade unions _ that the government _ the working week. 工会要求政府缩短每周的工作时间。2As a society, _that we _ these issues more seriously. 作为整个社会来讲，我们早就应该更严肃地考虑这些问题。第第2424讲讲 基础梳理基础梳理shortenits high timetookdemand3In this spending circle, _, we accumulate possessions
10、but never feel like we have enough. _ _, we work towards the ownership of bigger and better houses and cars and never have time to enjoy them. 在这个消费圈中，一方面，我们积累财富但从未感受富足。另一方面，我们为了拥有更大更好的房子和轿车而工作，但又没有时间去享用他们。4What is even more unbelievable is _some murderers are let out of prison after three or four y
11、ears.更加令人难以置信的是，有些谋杀犯三、四年之后就被放出了监狱。第第2424讲讲 基础梳理基础梳理on the one hand On the other handthe fact that5An ageing society is one _the population of people over the age of 60 is increasing rapidly.老年社会是指人口中60岁以上的人迅速增多的社会。第第2424讲讲 基础梳理基础梳理in which第第2424讲讲 单词点睛单词点睛 单词点睛1undertakevt. 承担；从事；答应，保证承担；从事；答应，保证un
12、dertake sth./to do sth./that答应，允诺某事答应，允诺某事/做某事做某事undertake responsibility 承担责任承担责任undertake to pay _ ones debts 负责还清债务负责还清债务off【词语辨析】assume, bear, shoulder与undertake(1) assume为正式用词，意为“承担职责”，其宾语往往是表示身份或职位的名词。如：He assumed the role of the leader in the emergency. 他在紧急情况下担起了领导的职责。(2) bear为常用词，意为“承担负担”，宾
13、语可以是具体的重物， 也可以为抽象的重负。如：He could not bear that his friends should laugh at him. 他受不了朋友们竟也嘲笑他。第第2424讲讲 单词点睛单词点睛 (3) shoulder为常用词，意为“肩负”，其宾语一般为表示抽象的负担或责任的名词。如：The manager was ready to shoulder the blame. 经理愿意承担过失。(4) undertake为正式用词，表示正式接受某项任务、承担某种责任，其宾语为相应的名词。如：I cant undertake that you will make a pro
14、fit. 我不能保证你会获利。第第2424讲讲 单词点睛单词点睛 【活学活用】1根据汉语提示完成句子(1) They _ (承担了一个重要 项目)last year.(2) She _ (答应偿还)the money within three months.(3) The manager _ (承诺) that no one would lose his job.第第2424讲讲 单词点睛单词点睛 undertook an important projectundertook to pay backundertook2单项填空Dont worry about him, because he s
15、imply _ a secret task at present.AundertakesBagreesCworks Ddoes解析 Aundertake a task 意为“承担任务”。B、C、D三项均不与task 搭配使用。第第2424讲讲 单词点睛单词点睛 2sentencen句子；判决，宣判 vt.判决；宣判(1) pass/give sentence upon/on sb. 律对某人判刑 serve ones sentence 服刑 under sentence of death 被判处死刑topic sentence 点题句 (2) sentence sb. to sth. 判决，宣
16、判sentence sb. _ death 宣判死刑第第2424讲讲 单词点睛单词点睛 to【活学活用】1根据汉语提示完成句子(1) He had been _ (被罚款) of $ 1,000.(2) The man was _ (监禁) three years in prison.第第2424讲讲 单词点睛单词点睛 sentenced to a finesentenced to2单项填空Some people believed that the judge _ the criminal _.Ahad sentence; to dieBwould sentenced; to dyingCha
17、d sentenced; to deadDwould sentence; to death解析 D考查sentence的用法。sentence sb.to death为固定用法，意思是“宣判某人死刑”。第第2424讲讲 单词点睛单词点睛 3burdenn重负，负重 v加负担于某人(1) burden sb./oneself _ sth. 加负担于某人/自己(2) lighten/relieve a burden减负carry a burden 负载重物share a burden 分担责任shoulder a burden 肩负重担第第2424讲讲 单词点睛单词点睛 with【词语辨析】bur
18、den，press与weight(1) burden 多指过重的思想负担。如：The people were burdened with heavy taxes.人民为重税所累。(2) press 压；挤；催促。如：He pressed his way through the crowd. 他挤过人群。(3) weight 给加重量。如：The ship was weighted too heavily.这艘船负重过大。第第2424讲讲 单词点睛单词点睛 【活学活用】1根据汉语意思完成句子 (1) I dont want to _ you _ my problems.我不想让我的问题给你增加负
19、担。(2) You should carry _.你应该承担家庭重担。第第2424讲讲 单词点睛单词点睛 burdenwiththe family burden2单项填空Since we are parents, we _ looking after all the family members.Aare burdenedBbear the burden ofCburden ourselves Dput a burden on解析 B句意：既然我们身为父母，就得承担起照顾家人的责任。A、C两项应该改为are burdened with 和 burden ourselves with 才正确。而
20、D项put a burden on sb.意为“使某人承担责任”。第第2424讲讲 单词点睛单词点睛 4electvt. 选举 elect sb. to sth.选举 elect sb. _ sth. 推选某人做【词语辨析】 select，choose与elect(1) select 着重于经过慎重考虑，从很多对象中挑选出最合适或最满意的。如：He selected one of his favorite books and read to his children.他选了一本心爱的书念给他的孩子们听。第第2424讲讲 单词点睛单词点睛 as(2) choose是凭着个人的判断能力或意愿进行选
21、择，不特别强调精挑细选。choose sth. 选择某物；choose from 从中挑选。如：He has chosen the biggest. 他挑了一个最大的。(3) elect多指对人的正式选举。如：To our joy, he was elected as mayor. 使我们惊喜的是，他被选为市长。第第2424讲讲 单词点睛单词点睛 【活学活用】用select，choose，elect的适当形式填空(1) There are five pairs of shoes for you to _ from.(2) We _ him as chairman of the meeting
22、last week. (3) She _ her favorite gift and presented it to her friend.第第2424讲讲 单词点睛单词点睛 chooseelectedselected5resignv辞职(1) resign ones position (as secretary)辞去(秘书)职务resign office 辞职resign oneself to 听任(某种影响)resign oneself _ ones fate 听天由命resignto 把托付给(2) resignation n. 辞职；顺从第第2424讲讲 单词点睛单词点睛 to【活学活
23、用】1根据汉语意思完成句子 (1) In order to look after her sick mother, Mary _in the company.为了照顾生病的母亲，Mary决定辞去公司经理的职务。(2) I _your care.我把孩子们委托你来照顾。(3) In no situation, _.在任何情况下，我们都不能听天由命。第第2424讲讲 单词点睛单词点睛 decided to resign her position as managerresign my children toshall we resign ourselves to our fate2单项填空The
24、Prime Minister refused to comment on the rumor that he planned to _.AdischargeBdismissCresign Dresume解析 C句意：首相拒绝就他计划辞职的谣言做出任何评论。resign “辞职”符合题意。discharge “释放；解雇”；dismiss “解散；让离开”；resume “重新开始；再继续”。第第2424讲讲 单词点睛单词点睛 6vacantadj.空虚的， 空的 【情景记忆】 第第2424讲讲 单词点睛单词点睛 【词语辨析】empty, vacant与hollow(1) empty: 意思是“
25、里面没有东西，一无所有”，具有“空无一物”的隐含意义，它可以用来描绘box，vessel，cupboard，bag，purse，room，house，street，stomach，head 等词。 This trunk is empty.这只箱子空空如也。(2) vacant: 意思是“闲着的、无人占据的”，着重指临时性的情况，如：vacant seat，vacant apartment，vacant position等。 第第2424讲讲 单词点睛单词点睛 We have no vacant position here.我们这里没有空职。(3) hollow: 意思是“空心的，中空的，空洞的
26、，下陷的”，它常与tree，ball，cheeks，voice，sound，words，promise等词连用。This is a hollow tree.这是一棵中空的树。第第2424讲讲 单词点睛单词点睛 【活学活用】1根据汉语意思完成句子(1) We found the room _.我们发现房间空空的。(2) A _ seat was found in this compartment.在这个车厢里找到了一个空的座位。(3) I dont like to hear his _ words.我不喜欢听他那些空洞的话。第第2424讲讲 单词点睛单词点睛 emptyvacanthollow2
27、单项填空If you want to look for a flat to rent to accompany your son to study here, I think theres a _ one in our neighborhood.AthinBvacantChollow Dbare解析 B考查形容词辨析。句意： 如果你想在这儿寻找一套住房来陪你儿子学习，我想在我们住的附近有一套闲置的房子。 thin薄的；vacant空着的，未被占用的，闲置的(指某处暂时没被占用而空着的)，hollow中空的，空心的； bare光秃秃的，裸露的。 第第2424讲讲 单词点睛单词点睛 1come i
28、nto being出现；存在，产生，形成；成立出现；存在，产生，形成；成立come into _生效；实施生效；实施come into operation 施行，实行；生效施行，实行；生效come into view/sight看见看见come into existence 存在存在come into _ 开始使用开始使用come into fashion 开始流行开始流行come into _掌权掌权第第2424讲讲 短语储存短语储存 短语储存effect use power【注意事项】come into being为不及物动词短语，没有被动语态形式； come into与come to不同
29、，后者表示“达到或逐渐”，如come to realize意为“逐渐意识到”。第第2424讲讲 短语储存短语储存 【活学活用】1根据汉语意思完成句子(1)The new tax regulations _last month. 新税法是上个月生效的。(2)We dont know when this world _. 我们不知道世界是在何时形成的。(3)As soon as their party _ ，they changed the law. 他们的政党一上台，他们就开始修改法律。(4)When we reached the top of the mountain，a wide plain
30、 below _.我们一登上山顶，就望到了下面辽阔的平原。第第2424讲讲 短语储存短语储存 came into effectcame into beingcame into powercame into view/sight2单项填空Do you know when the system _？ Awas come into beingBcame into being CabolishedDabandoned解析 B句意：你知道这个制度什么时候形成的吗？come into being“形成；产生”，不能用于被动语态。C、D两项与the system之间是被动关系。第第2424讲讲 短语储存短语
31、储存 2show off炫耀；卖弄(1)show sb. around/round带某人参观show _ 出现；使清晰，使显露show the _ 带路；引路show ones face 露面(2)talk show 脱口秀fashion show 时装秀第第2424讲讲 短语储存短语储存 upway【活学活用】1根据汉语意思完成句子(1)The child danced around the room, _ to everybody. 那个孩子满屋子跳舞， 向大家炫耀一番。(2)It was ten oclock when he finally _.十点钟时，他终于到了。(3)She wan
32、ted to _ at the party.她想在聚会上炫耀自己的新项链。第第2424讲讲 短语储存短语储存 showing offshowed upshow off her new necklace2单项填空Before you start work, Ill show you _ the building so that you can meet everyone.AoffBoutCaroundDup解析 C考查show动词词组辨析。 句意：在你开始上班之前，我来带你到楼里各处看看，好让你和大家见见面。此处为“带某人参观、 到处转转”之意，应用show sb. around。show of
33、f炫耀，卖弄；show sb. out带某人出去； show sb. up揭发某人。第第2424讲讲 短语储存短语储存 3settle down定居；平静，使安静settle _sth. 勉强接受settle on sth. 选定；决定take _ 拆毁；记下，记录write down 写下，记下put down 放下；记下；镇压go down 下跌；下去set down 让某人下车；记下第第2424讲讲 短语储存短语储存 fordown【活学活用】Wait until the excitement has _.Asettled downBput downCset down Dtaken do
34、wn答案 A第第2424讲讲 短语储存短语储存 4take it easy 不着急；轻松，从容take ones chance 碰运气take ones time 不匆忙；别着急；慢慢来take sb. wrong 误解(曲解)某人的意思take sth. seriously 认真对待某事take _拆开take sb. _ 雇佣； 同某人较量take _ 占据； 从事； 接下去第第2424讲讲 短语储存短语储存 apartonup【词语辨析】take it easy与take ones time (1)take it easy 相当于take things easy，意为“放心好了，别着急”
35、。如：Hey, your serve is too fast. Take it easy, okay?嘿，你的发球太快了，轻松一些好不好？(2)take ones time 相当于dont hurry，意为“别着急”，是从时间上来说的。如：Would you take your time? Ill have to tidy up myself.请稍候。我要梳理一下。【注意事项】在该短语中，easy不能换成easily。第第2424讲讲 短语储存短语储存 【活学活用】1根据汉语提示完成句子(1)_ (放松几天)and you will be able to go to work again.(2
36、)_ (别着急), theres a lot of time left.(3)_(别着急), and you will make it.第第2424讲讲 短语储存短语储存 Take it (things) easy for a few daysTake your timeTake it easy2单项填空Ive got a cough and my chest hurts. _. Let me examine you.ATake it easyBNo, thanksCYes, pleaseDGo ahead解析 A考查医生与病人之间的会话。诊断前医生通常会安慰一下病人，使病人不至于过分紧张。所
37、以用 take it easy“别紧张”来对病人表示安慰。第第2424讲讲 短语储存短语储存 5break into 强行进入；闯入break _破裂；驱散；垮掉break off 中止；中断；打断；折断break away 逃走，逃离；断绝(联系)；脱离break _ (机器、车辆)坏了；消除break out (战争、打斗等不愉快事件)；突然发生， 爆发break in 闯入，打断，插嘴【注意事项】break out无被动语态。第第2424讲讲 短语储存短语储存 updown【活学活用】1把下列句子译成汉语，注意break away的意思。(1)The thief broke away f
38、rom the policeman. _(2)He broke away from all his old friends. _(3)You must break away from such habits. _第第2424讲讲 短语储存短语储存 小小偷从警察那里逃脱了。从警察那里逃脱了。 他同所有的老朋友断他同所有的老朋友断绝了往来。了往来。 你必你必须改掉改掉这些些习惯。 2用break相关短语的适当形式填空(1)On his way to the bus station, his car _.(2)When he was chatting with his best friend, hi
39、s little sister _.(3)The prisoner decided _the policemen who were watching him. 第第2424讲讲 短语储存短语储存 broke downbroke into break away from6knock into撞上，碰上，偶然遇到 【情景记忆】第第2424讲讲 短语储存短语储存 knock _ 撞倒；击倒；拆除；降低knock out 使筋疲力尽；完成；击倒knock out of 敲打出来knock over 撞倒；打翻knock _减价；停止某事第第2424讲讲 短语储存短语储存 downoff【活学活用】1根
40、据汉语意思完成句子(1)The boy was so careless that he _a tree.这个男孩如此粗心以致撞到了一棵树上。(2)Jack _ his opponent _in the second round of the contest. 杰克在比赛的第二回合就把对方击倒了。(3)He _a glass _.他把玻璃杯打翻了。(4)They _five dollars from the price.他们把价格降低了五美元。第第2424讲讲 短语储存短语储存 knocked intoknockedoutknockedoverknocked off2单项填空(1)One of
41、the powerful actions the government has taken is to _ the illegal buildings to restore the beauty of the city.Aknock off Bknock intoCknock down Dknock out 解析 C短语辨析题。knock down “击倒；撞倒；拆毁”。句意：政府采取的有力措施之一是拆除违法建筑物，重新恢复城市的美丽。knock off“击掉；撞掉；(使)停止；完成；结束”； knock into “撞上；偶遇”； knock out “(用锤)敲打掉；使昏迷；淘汰；使精疲力
42、竭”。第第2424讲讲 短语储存短语储存 (2)Lost in thought, he almost _ a man who carried a heavy box.Aknocked down Bknocked outCknocked back Dknocked into解析 D考查动词短语辨析。knocked down击倒；knocked out打晕；knocked back使大吃一惊；knocked into撞上。句意：由于走神，他差一点撞上一个扛着重箱的人。 第第2424讲讲 短语储存短语储存 1What if some married people have affairs? 要是已婚
43、者要是已婚者有婚外情怎么办呢？有婚外情怎么办呢？句型公式句型公式What if？ 假如假如又怎么样呢？倘使又怎么样呢？倘使将会怎么样？将会怎么样？【相关拓展相关拓展】(1)What about？怎么样呢？怎么样呢？(表示建议或征求对方意见表示建议或征求对方意见)(2)What for？为什么？有何用？为什么？有何用？(Why？为何？为什么？为何？为什么？)(3)Why dont we？我们为什么不？我们为什么不呢？呢？(建议建议)(4)Why not？为什么不？为什么不呢？呢？(建议建议)第第2424讲讲 句型透视句型透视 句型透视(5)Lets， shall we？ 咱们好吗？(6)So w
44、hat? (表示不感兴趣或认为不重要)那又怎么样？(口语)【注意事项】What if？通常用来征询意见或用于提出建议，其中if从句用一般现在时表示将来。如：What if he doesnt come？What should we do if he doesnt come？如果他不来我们怎么办呢？第第2424讲讲 句型透视句型透视 【活学活用】1根据汉语提示完成句子(1) _(怎么样)going to the movies?(2)Susan, will you please go and empty that drawer？ _ (为什么)? (3)Your room looks a real
45、 mess, Tracy. _ (那又怎么样)?第第2424讲讲 句型透视句型透视 What about/How aboutWhat for/WhySo what2单项填空He would go to see you. _ he did not come?AWhat ifBWhere ifCWhat come DWhy whether解析 A句意：“他会去看你的。”“如果他不来该怎么办？”根据句意，what if表示“如果该怎么办？”没有what come结构，只有how come表“为什么”，其他结构的意思与句子意思不符。第第2424讲讲 句型透视句型透视 2The hutongs not
46、only link Beijings streets and communities after all, but also its past and present, showing that Beijing is truly an ancient yet modern city. 毕竟胡同不仅连接了北京的街道和社区，还连接了北京的过去和未来，表明北京确实是一个既古老又现代的城市。句型公式not onlybut also第第2424讲讲 句型透视句型透视 【注意事项】(1)not just/onlybut(also)连接同等的句子成分，如果连接两个名词或代词作主语，谓语动词要与后面的名词或代
47、词保持一致。其中also可省略，也可放在主语之后，强调also后面的部分，与 as well as同义。如：Not only the teacher but also the students (或but the students also)were invited.不但老师受到了邀请，而且学生们也受到邀请。(2)not onlybut (also)连接两个句子且not only 位于句首时，not only部分的句子采用部分倒装结构。如：Not only did he come, but also he went to see her.他不但来了，而且还去看了她。第第2424讲讲 句型透视句
48、型透视 【活学活用】1根据汉语或英文提示完成句子(1)Not only Mr Smith but also his children _ (be) invited to New Years Party. (2)Not only _ (老师自己) interested in football but _ (他所有的学生) beginning to show an interest in it.(3)Physicists study _light _sound(不 仅而且)Physicists study sound _light.第第2424讲讲 句型透视句型透视 wereis the teac
49、her himself(also)all his students arenot onlybut(also)as well as2单项填空Not only I and Mary but also Jane _ having one exam after another.Ais tired ofBare tired ofCis tired with Dare tired with解析 Abe tired of厌倦，厌烦；be tired with因而疲劳；not onlybut also句型的主谓遵循就近一致的原则，故该句话的主语为Jane。 第第2424讲讲 句型透视句型透视 第第2424讲讲
50、 跟踪训练跟踪训练 跟踪训练.单词拼写单词拼写1The m_decided to use camels to carry his goods across the desert.2The s_ of six months in prison was most unjust.3The girl has been waiting in the rain for 2 hours, only to get a _ (签名签名) of a pop star she likes.4The newlyelected president _ (着手做着手做) everything that he got.5P
51、eople on high incomes face a huge tax _ (负担负担). erchant entencesignatureundertookburden.选词填空用下面短语的适当形式填空。well off; come into being; be sentenced to death; knock into; show off1The old woman burst into tears when she heard her son _. 2The young boy likes _how well he speaks French. 3Dinosaurs lived o
52、n the earth tens of millions of years ago, long before humans _. 第第2424讲讲 跟踪训练跟踪训练 was sentenced to deathshowing offcame into being4The young man rode his motorbike so fast that he nearly _a boy on the street. 5Dont waste your sympathy on them. They are much _than you and I. 第第2424讲讲 跟踪训练跟踪训练 knocke
53、d intobetter off.单项填空1They were lost at the sea, _ wind and weather.Aat the price of Bat the sight ofCat the mercy of Dat the bottom of解析 C此题考查短语at the mercy of(任由的摆布)。第第2424讲讲 跟踪训练跟踪训练 2It is said that the judge will _ Tom, a cruel murderer, _.Asentence; to die Bsentence; to dyingCsentence; to dead
54、 Dsentence; to death解析 D考查sentence的短语。sentence sb.to death为固定短语，意思是“宣判死刑”。第第2424讲讲 跟踪训练跟踪训练 3The new timetable will come into _ next month.Aeffect Bplan CserviceDsystem解析 A考查动词短语搭配。come into effect是固定词组，意为“生效；实施”。第第2424讲讲 跟踪训练跟踪训练 4Did you enjoy the movie?Sure, it is _ a beautiful country town with
55、a variety of cultures.Aput on Bset in Ctaken on Dgot in解析 B考查动词短语辨析。句意为：“你喜欢这部电影吗？”“当然，这部电影以一个有各种文化的乡村城镇为背景。”be set in以为背景。第第2424讲讲 跟踪训练跟踪训练 5Under good treatment, she is beginning to _ and will soon come back to work.Apick up Bwake up Cgrow up Dshow up解析 A考查动词短语辨析。wake up唤醒； grow up生长；show up 出现。由句
56、意知，这里表示“身体恢复健康”，只有pick up 有此意。第第2424讲讲 跟踪训练跟踪训练 6He was in such a hurry that he almost _ the old man.Aknocked at Bknocked intoCknocked off Dknocked on解析 B短语辨析题。knock into撞到某人身上。knock on, knock at意思是轻轻敲击；knock off意为敲落。第第2424讲讲 跟踪训练跟踪训练 7At 30 we need to _ to our lives and shed from fantasies. Aset do
57、wn Bput downCdevote to Dsettle down解析 D考查短语辨析。句意：在30岁时，我们需要丢掉幻想，踏实生活。settle down to our lives安顿下来开始生活。set down记下；put down镇压；devote to 贡献。第第2424讲讲 跟踪训练跟踪训练 8Many relationships _ because of wrong speech.Abreak off Bbreak downCbreak into Dbreak out解析 A本题考查短语辨析。break off折断，断绝关系，中断谈话； break down出故障，身体出毛病
58、；break into闯入；break out爆发。第第2424讲讲 跟踪训练跟踪训练 9Its getting dark. My son hasnt returned home. _ He has been a grownup.ATake it easy. BNo problem.CTake your time. DSo what?解析 A根据答语He has been a grownup可知是安慰说话者，即“不用担心，他已经是大人了。”take it easy用来安慰对方不要担心。no problem用来表示同意；take your time指做某事不要着急；so what表示某人认为某事
59、无关紧要，意思为“那又怎么样？” 第第2424讲讲 跟踪训练跟踪训练 阅读写作阅读写作( (二十四二十四) ) 阅读理解技法指导之篇章结构阅读理解技法指导之篇章结构阅读写作阅读写作( (二十四二十四)阅读理解技阅读理解技法指导之篇章结构法指导之篇章结构 阅读写作阅读写作( (二十四二十四) ) 重视篇章结构重视篇章结构重视篇章结构篇章结构题从其考查内容而言，可分为三种：考查考生对整个文章结构的组织能力；考查考生对后文内容的预测能力；考查考生对文章写作手法、修辞手段的鉴赏能力。一、篇章结构主要的设题方式常有：1How is the passage organized?2Which of the
60、following best shows the structure/organization of the passage?3What will the author most probably talk about next?4The author develops the passage mainly by .5The first paragraph serves as a(n) .6The example ofis given to show/illustrate that .阅读写作阅读写作( (二十四二十四) ) 重视篇章结构重视篇章结构二、篇章结构主要的解题策略常有：1了解文章结
61、构的组织形式。从段落组织方式上讲，常见的文章结构有三种：总分式结构(总分；总分总；分总)、并列式结构(段落之间是平行关系，并且相对独立)、对照式结构(结构形式上是一正一反)。2了解文章的论证方法。从论证方法上讲，常见的议论文结构有以下两类：Put forward a problemAnalyze the problemSolve the problem 即“提出问题、分析问题、解决问题”的过程；Argument/IdeaEvidenceConclusion/Restating the idea 即“由论点到论据到结论或者强调论点”的过程。阅读写作阅读写作( (二十四二十四) ) 重视篇章结构重
62、视篇章结构3了解文章的写作手法。在高考阅读中主要考查下定义、分类说明、列举例证和对比等写作手法。其中，“引用”和“例证”是议论文和说明文中最常用的写作手法之一，是历年高考阅读试题中必不可缺的命题方向。“引用”和“例证”的共同目的就是增强说服力，以更好地达到说理、说明的目的。“引用”和“例证”的共同功能就是服务于段落或篇章的主题。例 2011重庆卷(节选)Getting rid of dirt，in the opinion of most people，is a good thing. However，there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt.
63、阅读写作阅读写作( (二十四二十四) ) 重视篇章结构重视篇章结构In the early 16th century，people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease, as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in. A particular danger was thought to lie in public baths. By 1538，the
64、 French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom. So did the king of England in 1546. Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirt in a friendly way. Henry ，King of France，was famously dirty. Upon learning that a nobleman had taken a bath，the king ordered that，to
65、 avoid the attack of disease，the nobleman should not go out.阅读写作阅读写作( (二十四二十四) ) 重视篇章结构重视篇章结构Though the belief in the merit of dirt was longlived，dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18th century. Scientifically speaking，cleaning away dirt is good to health. Clean water
66、 supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease. Yet，it seems that standards of cleanliness have moved beyond science since World War .Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea：clothes need to be whiter than white，cloths ever softer，surfaces to shine. Has the hate for dirt，however，g
67、one too far?阅读写作阅读写作( (二十四二十四) ) 重视篇章结构重视篇章结构Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays. Many firsttime parents nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt，which might be responsible for the spread of disease. On the contrary，Mary Ruebush，an American immunologist (免疫学家)，encourages chi
68、ldren to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system. And the latter position is gaining some ground.阅读写作阅读写作( (二十四二十四) ) 重视篇章结构重视篇章结构How does the passage mainly develop?ABy providing examples.BBy making comparisons.CBy following the order of time.DBy following the order of importance.【点睛】 C
69、本题考查文章写作手法。通读全文可知，贯穿文章的主要线索是时间。因此该文是按照时间顺序来组织的，故选择C项。阅读写作阅读写作( (二十四二十四) ) 重视篇章结构重视篇章结构【活学活用】The Celebration Experiment In the 1960s, Walt Disney pictured in the mind a future Utopian city with underground roads and a climatecontrolled round roof. The real community of Celebration, Florida, built in
70、1999, applies the social and environmental goals of both Disney and the New Urbanism movement.阅读写作阅读写作( (二十四二十四) ) 重视篇章结构重视篇章结构Disney and the New Urbanism have imagined communities that promote social and local communication. Celebration has a central Market Street district to reduce traffic and enc
71、ourage social contacts. The idea is that if the downtown area is neatly and closely ranked, people will walk and meet their neighbors. Downtown events like art festivals also bring citizens together. Narrow, treelined streets are “traffic calm”with slower speed limitsto encourage bicycling and walki
72、ng.阅读写作阅读写作( (二十四二十四) ) 重视篇章结构重视篇章结构Moreover, housing in Celebration includes both single and multifamily houses that encourages socialization. Apartment buildings are located close to downtown, and houses are built close together with small yards. They feature entrance halls to encourage citizens t
73、o socialize.“Many aspects of that kind of design are really aimed at maximizing social communication between citizens, not just on the streets but also in community institutions that are very much a part of public life there，” says Andrew Ross, a New York University professor who lived in Celebratio
74、n for one year.阅读写作阅读写作( (二十四二十四) ) 重视篇章结构重视篇章结构Utopian communities such as Celebration are also designed with environmental protection in mind. The town itself is built on 4,900 acres surrounded by a 4,700 acre protected greenbelt. The greenbelt parks, and common areas accommodate native wildlife a
75、nd animals.阅读写作阅读写作( (二十四二十四) ) 重视篇章结构重视篇章结构Highrise office and apartment buildings provide close office and living space in a small geographic area in order to reduce urban sprawl, the spread of todays cities onto nature areas. Buildings also minimize environmental influence by using cooling and el
76、ectric systems with insulated(绝缘的；隔热的)glass, cooling towers, and energysaving lamps.“The town more or less borrows very heavily from New Urbanist principlesto create environmentally friendly alternatives to sprawl and to create communities around people rather than vehicles，” Ross said.阅读写作阅读写作( (二十
77、四二十四) ) 重视篇章结构重视篇章结构Which of the following shows the organization of the passage? CP: Central PointP: PointSP: Subpoint(次要点)C: Conclusion阅读写作阅读写作( (二十四二十四) ) 重视篇章结构重视篇章结构解析 B本文采用总分总的方式，阐述了迪士尼和新城市主义运动的社会目标和环境目标，并讲述实现这两个目标所采取的一些具体做法。文章第一段讲述社区Celebration的建立，并提出了迪士尼和新城市主义运动的社会目标和环境目标；第二段到第四段分别讲述了社区中人与人之间的交流；第五、六段从环境保护方面讲述了城市的发展，最后一段进行总结。故B项正确。阅读写作阅读写作( (二十四二十四) ) 重视篇章结构重视篇章结构同学们来学校和回家的路上要注意安全同学们来学校和回家的路上要注意安全
