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1、欢迎来到英语课堂欢迎来到英语课堂Grammar: InfinitiveGrammar: Infinitive不定式的句法功能不定式的句法功能1. 作主语作主语: 往往放在谓语动词之后往往放在谓语动词之后, 用用 it作形式主语作形式主语,为了避免句子头重脚轻。为了避免句子头重脚轻。 e.g.: To see is to believe. It is right to give up smoking. _ with him is a great pleasure. A. To talk B. Talk C. Talked D. To talking 本题考察动词不定式做主语的情况本题考察动词不定
2、式做主语的情况, 动词动词不定式做主语不定式做主语, 谓语动词用单数形式谓语动词用单数形式, 其其他三项都不能用来做主语他三项都不能用来做主语. 本句的意思是本句的意思是: 跟他聊天是件很快乐的事跟他聊天是件很快乐的事.2. 作宾语作宾语: 作宾语时如果还带有宾语补作宾语时如果还带有宾语补 足语足语, 往往把不定式放在补足语之后往往把不定式放在补足语之后,而用而用it作形式宾语。作形式宾语。 e.g.: He wanted to go. I find it interesting to study English. I didnt manage _ it until you had expla
3、ined how. A. manage to do B. managed to do C. manage to have dong D. manage doing 本句的意思是本句的意思是: 直到你解释了如何去做直到你解释了如何去做我才能做到成功。我才能做到成功。manage 后面用后面用to do 形式作宾语。形式作宾语。3. 做宾语补足语做宾语补足语 e.g.: He asked me to do the work with him. 在在feel, hear, listen to, look at, notice, observe, see, watch, have, let, make
4、等等词后的补足语中词后的补足语中, 不定式不带不定式不带to。 The government calls on us _ our production. A. increased B. increasing C. increase D. to increase 本句意思是本句意思是: 政府号召我们增加生产。本政府号召我们增加生产。本题考察动词不定式做宾语补足语题考察动词不定式做宾语补足语, 通常用通常用语及物动词和一些动词短语之后。如语及物动词和一些动词短语之后。如: want sb to do, wish sb to do, ask sb to do. 不定式作宾语补足语省略不定式作宾语补足
5、语省略to的情况有下列的情况有下列口诀：一感二听三让五看半帮助口诀：一感二听三让五看半帮助。但是但是这些句子如果变成被动结构时这些句子如果变成被动结构时, 就必须带就必须带上上to e.g.:I often hear him sing the song. He is often heard to sing the song. 4. 作定语作定语I have some books for you to read. 当作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，当作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点式动作的地点, 工具等时工具等时,
6、不定式后面必不定式后面必须有相应的介词。须有相应的介词。 e.g.：He is looking for a room to live in. 当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的承受者时词是不定式动作的承受者时, 不定式不定式即可以用主动语态即可以用主动语态, 也可以用被动语也可以用被动语态。但含义有所不同。态。但含义有所不同。试比较：试比较：Have you anything to send? 你有什么东西要（自己）寄吗？你有什么东西要（自己）寄吗？Have you anything to be sent?你有什么东西要（我或别人）寄吗？你有什么东
7、西要（我或别人）寄吗？At last, they found a house _. A. to leave his things with B. to leave his things in C. leaving his things in D. leaving his things 本句的意思是本句的意思是:最后他们终于找到了一间最后他们终于找到了一间可以存放东西的屋子。当动词不定式所修可以存放东西的屋子。当动词不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式的地点饰的名词或代词是不定式的地点, 工具等工具等时时,不定式后面应有必要的介词。不定式后面应有必要的介词。5. 作状语作状语, 表示目的表示目的,
8、原因原因, 结果或条件。结果或条件。 e.g.: I came here to see you We were very excited to find nobody there. He hurried to the school to find nobody there. To look at him, you would like him.目的目的原因原因结果结果条件条件6. 作表语作表语 e.g.: My job is to help the patient. 注意：注意： 主主, 表都是不定式表都是不定式, 前者为条件前者为条件, 后者后者为目的或结果。为目的或结果。 To learn
9、 a language is to use it. My chief purpose is _ the difficulties of the matter.A. pointing out B. to be pointed C. pointed D. to point out 本句的意思是本句的意思是: 我的主要目的是指出问题我的主要目的是指出问题的难处。考查动词不定式做表语的情况。的难处。考查动词不定式做表语的情况。Point out 是是“指出指出”的意思。的意思。 1. There are five pairs _, but Im at a loss which to buy. A. t
10、o be chosen B. to choose from C. to choose D. for choosing Lets try some more exercises.2. Ive worked with children before, so I know what _ in my new job. A. expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects 3. _ late in the afternoon. Bob turned off the alarm. A. To sleep B. Sleeping C. Sleep D.
11、 Having sleep 4. With a lot of problems _, the newly-elected president is having a hard time. A. settled B. settling C. to settle D. being settled 5. Her wish is _ a doctor. A. becoming B. become C. to become D. being come 1. 不定式的一般形式所表示的动作通不定式的一般形式所表示的动作通常与谓语的动作常与谓语的动作(状态状态)同时同时(或几或几乎同时乎同时)发生发生, 或是
12、在它之后发生。或是在它之后发生。 e.g.: I saw him go out. 不定式的时态和语态不定式的时态和语态2. 如果谓语表示的动作发生时如果谓语表示的动作发生时, 不定不定式表示的动作正在进行式表示的动作正在进行, 这时要用这时要用进行时。进行时。 e.g.: I am very glad to be working with you. 3. 如果不定式的动作发生在谓语动如果不定式的动作发生在谓语动词之前词之前, 就要用完成时。就要用完成时。 e.g.: Im sorry to have kept you waiting so long. 4. 当不定式逻辑上的主语是这个不当不定式
13、逻辑上的主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者时定式所表示的动作的承受者时, 不定式一般要用被动形式。不定式一般要用被动形式。 e.g.: He asked to be sent to work in the countryside. 1. Tom _ when they spoke ill of him. A. happened to be passed B. happened to be passing by C. happened passing by D. happened to passed Have a try2. All the rooms in the house require
14、 _. A. being cleaned B. to clean C. cleaning D. cleaned 3. The news reporters hurried to the airport, only _the film stars had left. A. to tell B. to be told C. telling D. told 1. 不定式在介词不定式在介词 but, except, besides, other than 后面时后面时, 如果这些介词之前如果这些介词之前有有行为动词行为动词do (非助动词非助动词)的各种形式的各种形式时时, 那么这些介词后面的不定式那
15、么这些介词后面的不定式不带不带to,否定带否定带to。e.g.:She could do nothing but cry. What do you like to do besides swim?I have no choice but to wait. There was nothing for me to do other than wait until the meeting was over. I had nothing to do but watch TV. 2. 当句子的谓语动词是当句子的谓语动词是cant, cant help, cant choose 等结构时等结构时, but
16、, except, besides后的不定式后的不定式to 也省略也省略。 E.g.: We cant but admire his bravery. We cant choose but wait。 She is such a lovely girl that I cant help but love her.注意注意: but 作作 “除了除了以外以外” 解时解时, 若前面若前面部分有部分有do, did, done时时, but 之后接之后接do sth. 反之反之, 后接后接to do sth. He can do nothing but wait. He wanted nothing
17、 but to play in the park. 1. Sandy could do nothing but _ to his teacher that he was wrong. A. admit B. admitted C. admitting D. to admit Lets try some exercises2. - How did you spend your weekend, Jone? - I didnt find anything interesting for me _ some washing instead of my mother. A. but did B. bu
18、t do C. but doing D. but to do 3. The students did nothing except _ all day long. A. played B. playing C. play D. to playPut the verbs in brackets into the correct infinitive forms. 1. It is frightening _ (walk) in 2. the road in a sandstorm. I hope I reach 3. home soon. 2. Experts hope_ (learn) mor
19、e about the movement of sandstorms. to be walking to learn Some more exercises3. Id like _ (tell) about the situation before now.4. The work needs _ (complete) by the end of the week.5. My father was out of the city when the sandstorm came. He was very glad _ (miss) it. to have told to be completedt
20、o have missed 6. The building has _ (finish) by the end of the year. 7. _ (see) a real sandstorm was very frightening. to be finished To see 1. I cant help/ but hope that they 2. will succeed. 2. I cant help but think/ to think that it was a mistake. 3. I cant chose /choose but do it. Underline the
21、correct answer. 4.He does nothing but complaining/ 5. complain. 5. I cant help but to love /love her. 6. The workers do nothing /not but drink tea and talk to each other. 从从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。填入空白处的最佳选项。1. The crowd cheered wildly at the sight of Liu Xiang, who was reported _ the
22、world record in the 110-meter hurdle race. A. breaking B. having broken C. to have broken D. to break C2. When asked why he went there, he said he was sent there _ for a space flight. A. training B. being trained C. to have trained D. to be trained3. _ the project as planned, well have to work two m
23、ore hours a day. A. Completing B. Complete C. Completed D. To completeDD4. The director had her assistant _ some hot dogs for the meeting. A. picked up B. picks up C. pick up D. picking upC综合练习综合练习用括号内所给动词或短语的适当形式填空。用括号内所给动词或短语的适当形式填空。1. Im sorry I cant attend your wedding, for I have an important m
24、eeting _ (attend).2. The workers were made _ (work) over fourteen hours a day.3. Your suit is a bit small on you. You seem _ (put on) weight.to attendto workto put on4. Tom did nothing except _ (wait) before his parents came home.5. Whats the matter with Tom? Oh, his cell phone was left in a taxi ac
25、cidentally, never _ (find) again.6. She reached the top of the hill and stopped _ (rest) on a big rock by the side of the path.to waitto restto find7. Did he manage _ (carry) the books upstairs? No, he wasnt strong enough even _ (move) them.8. _ (become) a teacher in a university, you need to have a masters degree.to carryto moveTo become
