《中考英语阅读理解解题指导最实用实用教案》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《中考英语阅读理解解题指导最实用实用教案（47页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、考查事实考查事实(shsh)细节：细节：猜测生词猜测生词(shngc)含义：含义：推理推理(tul)判断：判断：归纳主旨大意：归纳主旨大意：推测作者的态度、意图和目的推测作者的态度、意图和目的：阅阅读读理理解解考考查查题题型型第1页/共46页第一页，共47页。（一）事实性细节(xji)题对时间、地点、特征、方式、数字等的寻找对原因、结果(jigu)、事实的正确理解常用提问方式：1.Accordingtothepassage,who(what,why,where,when，howmany/much,howlong).?2.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollo
2、wingstatementsis(not)true?通常是特殊通常是特殊(tsh)疑问句或判断句子正疑问句或判断句子正误误第2页/共46页第二页，共47页。1.He/sheshouldhaveaninterestinmakingpizza.Moreimportantly,he/sheshouldhaveworkexperienceinarestaurant.Theadtellsusthat_A.Theassistantmustbeaman.B.Theassistantmusthaveonceworkedinarestaurant.C.PuccipizzahasbranchesalloverCh
3、ina.B第3页/共46页第三页，共47页。事实(shsh)理解题解题技巧：事实细节题一般事实细节题一般(ybn)在在: 1文中有原句；文中有原句； 2找相关信息进行比对找相关信息进行比对; 3找近义词或同义句找近义词或同义句; 4进行简单数学计算进行简单数学计算; 在读文章时把这些信息划下来在读文章时把这些信息划下来 第4页/共46页第四页，共47页。（二）猜测(cic)词义词汇题是询问文章中出现的某个词、词组或句子(jzi)含义的题型。常见的提问方式有：1)Theword.refersto_2)Theunderlined.probablymeans_第5页/共46页第五页，共47页。1、根
4、据定义、释义、举例或复述猜词常用的：be,becalled,mean，破折号或定语从句(cnj)等来表示。Well, Ive relearned it. I hope I have time left to enjoy the successes of others and to take pleasure in the day. Thats the heart of the watermelon.“the heart of the watermelon” refers to_.A. the best part of the watermelon. B. the writers busy li
5、fe C. the writers decision of making money. D. the writers hope of enjoying life.D第6页/共46页第六页，共47页。2、根据上下文情景(qngjng)和逻辑进行判断As they go around town, they help people.When they find lost children, they take the children home. If they see a fight, they put an end to it right away. They know all the stre
6、ets and roads well.Often people ask them how to get to a place in town. In the text, “put an end to” means _A. stop B. cut C. kill D. flyA第7页/共46页第七页，共47页。Thereisaplaceonourearthwherehotwaterandsteamcomeupundertheground.ItisonalargeislandinthePacificOcean.TheislandisNorthIslandinNewZealand.Whatdoest
7、heword“steam”meaninChinese?_A.自来水B.大气(dq)C.冰川D.蒸汽Dand3、根据、根据(gnj)关联词来猜测关联词来猜测第8页/共46页第八页，共47页。3、根据关联词来猜测表示(biosh)因果关系的：表示(biosh)同义关系的：表示(biosh)反义关系的：because, as, since, for, so, as a resultand, like, just asthe same as.but, however, though, although, yet, instead (of)第9页/共46页第九页，共47页。演练(ynlin)1A bag
8、 is useful and the word “bag” is useful.It gives us some interesting phrases . One is “to let the cat out of the bag.” It is the same as “to tell a secret”Now when someone lets out a secret, he “lets the cat out of the bag.”Q:John lets the cat out of the bag” means heA. makes everyone know a secret.
9、 B. the woman bout a cat.C. buys a cat in the bag.D. sells the cat in the bag.A第10页/共46页第十页，共47页。实战(shzhn)演练2Ifyouwanttobeamusician,youusuallyhavetomovetoanareathathasalotofjobs,suchasNewYorkCity.Thecostoflivingintheseareasisusuallyveryhigh.Thethirddisadvantageisthatyoucanthaveastablefamilylife.Diff
10、erentjobswilltakeamusiciantodifferentplaces,somostmusiciansareunabletohavearegularfamily.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“stable”meaninChinese?_A.幸福的B.稳定(wndng)的C.健康的B第11页/共46页第十一页，共47页。（三）推理判断考查逻辑推理能力、语言分析(fnx)能力和综合归纳能力。下面哪些方式属于推理(tul)判断题？Wecaninfer(推断)fromthestorythat_Whatsthepassagemainlyabout?Itcanbein
11、ferredfromthepassagethat_Accordingtothestory,whatwouldhappennext?Thefirstparagraphtellsusthat_Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?_第12页/共46页第十二页，共47页。1、事实推理：先在文章中找出据以推断(tudun)的文字，然后加以分析，尤其要悟出字里行间的意思。Secondly,anewsstoryhastobeinterestingandunusual.Peopledontwanttoreadstoriesabouteverydaylife.Asaresult,manys
12、toriesareaboutsomekindofdangerandseemtobe“bad”news.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingcanyoumostpossiblywatchonTV?_A.Youoftenplayfootballwithyourfriendsafterschool.B.Yourteacherhasgotacold.C.Atigerinthecityzoohasrunoutandhasntbeencaught.D.Thebikeinfrontofyourhouseislost.Cdangerbad第13页/共46页第十三页
13、，共47页。Whenyoucoughorsneeze,pleaseturnyourheadawayfromothersandcoveryourmouthwiththefullpartofyourhand.Afterwards,youshouldsay,“Excuseme.”ThisisaruleIsetformystudents.Itissosimple,butmanykidshaveneverbeentoldtodothis.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“this”mean?_A.DontcoughorsneezeinfrontofpeopleB.Dontstandbe
14、sidesomeonewhocoughsorsneezes.C.Manypeoplecoughorsneezeontheundergroundtrain.D.Coveryourmouthwhencoughingorsneezingandsaysorry.D第14页/共46页第十四页，共47页。解题技巧：推断题在文章无法直接找到答案，须在正确理解文章字面意思的基础上，运用逻辑推理的方法，综合主旨句、主题句和上下文信息以及作者的措辞，作出总结性的判断。同时要特别注意代词所指代(zhdi)的对象第15页/共46页第十五页，共47页。（四）归纳主旨大意:主要(zhyo)包括主题思想、写作意图、文章的题
15、目等常见(chnjin)的提问方式有：(1）Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?(2)Thefirstparagraphtellsusthat_(3)Whichofthefollowingexpressesthemainidea?(4)Thepassageismainlyabout_(5)Thebesttitleforthestoryis_(6)Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitle?第16页/共46页第十六页，共47页。Canyoufindthetopicsentence?1.Alllivingthingsontheearthneedoth
16、erlivingthingstolive.Nothinglivesalone.Mostanimalsmustliveinagroup,andevenaplantgrowsclosetogetherwithothersofthesamekind.Sometimesonelivingthingkillsanother,oneeatsandtheotheriseaten.Eachkindoflifeeatsanotherkindoflifeinordertolive,andtogethertheyformafoodchain.Somefoodchainsbecomebrokenupifoneofth
17、elinksdisappears.第17页/共46页第十七页，共47页。2.Readingisagoodhabit,buttheproblemis,therestoomuchtoreadthesedays,andtoolittletimetoreadeverywordofit.Therearehundredsofskillstohelpyoureadmoreinlesstime.HerearetwoskillsthatIthinkareespeciallygood._解题技巧：此类题目多出现于议论文和说明文。解题技巧：此类题目多出现于议论文和说明文。要确定文章的主题思想，最重要的是要找到主题要
18、确定文章的主题思想，最重要的是要找到主题句。主题句一般句。主题句一般(ybn)在段首或段尾，有时也在在段首或段尾，有时也在中间。中间。第18页/共46页第十八页，共47页。3.DoyouknowmoreandmoreChineseartistshavemaderegulardonationstocharityorputtheireffortsintocharityworkinChina?Hereletsknowsomeofthem.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?_A.Chinesecharitywork.B.CharityworkofsomeChineseartist
19、s.C.SomefamousChineseartists.D.OrganizationsstartedbyChineseartists.B_第19页/共46页第十九页，共47页。（五）作者的意图(yt)、态度和目的题1、作者的语气态度往往不会直接写在文章里，只能通过(tnggu)细读文章，从作者的选词及修饰手段中体会出来。常见的提问方式有：(1)Whatisthewriterspurposeinwritingthepassage?(2)Thewriterprobablyfeelsthat_(3)Whatisthewritersmainpoint?(4)Whatisthewritersattit
20、udetowards?(5)Inthepassagethewritertriestotellusthat_(6)Thewritersuggest(暗示)that_(7)Thewriterwantstoprovethat_题目都是围绕作者的意图题目都是围绕作者的意图(yt)、目的和态度、目的和态度第20页/共46页第二十页，共47页。解题技巧:正确理解文章中反映作者态度和观点的关键词，同时通过选项中的关键词来推断正确答案(dn)，学会根据作者使用的词语的褒贬性去判断作者的态度，要区别作者的态度和其他人的态度，不应把你自己的态度渗透其中。TodayIcanironprettywell.Iknoww
21、heretostartonashirtandtherightwaytodothetrousers.NowwhenIthinkaboutit,Idontthinksheisanoldlady.Ithinshemighthavebeenaboutmyagenow.Anyway,whenIiron,IthinkofherandsilentlythankherforallthethingsIlearned.Nowthewriter_A.isstillafraidoftheladyB.hatesthestrictlady.C.admiresthedisabledlady.D.isverygrateful
22、tothelady.D第21页/共46页第二十一页，共47页。ReadthepassageandfinishtheexercisesHappinessisimportantforeveryone.Mostpeoplewanttobehappybutfewknowhowtofindhappiness.Moneyandsuccessdontbringlastinghappiness.Happinessdependsonourselves.Inotherwords,wemakeourownhappiness.Somepeoplebelievethatiftheyarewealthy,theywill
23、beabletodoanythingtheywant,whichmeanshappiness.Ontheotherhand,somepeoplebelievethatholdingahighpositioninthegovernmentishappiness.Inthisway,youhavenotonlymoney,butalsomanyotherthingswhichcantbeboughtbymoney.However,otherpeoplebelievethathavinglotsofmoneyisnothappiness,norisholdingahighpositionintheg
24、overnment.Thesepeoplevalue(重视(zhngsh)theirbeliefs,ortheirintelligence,ortheirhealth.Theythinkthesecanmakethemhappy.第22页/共46页第二十二页，共47页。Hereareafewwaystohelpyoubehappier.Thefirstsecretofhappinessistoenjoythesimplethingsinlife.Toooften,wespendsomuchtimethinkingaboutthefuture,forexample,gettingintocoll
25、egeorgettingagoodjobthatwedontenjoythepresent.Youshouldenjoylifessimplepleasures,suchasreadingagoodbook,listeningtoyourfavoritemusic,orspendingtimewithclosefriends.Peoplewhohaveclosefriendsusuallyenjoyhappierandhealthierlives.Thesecondsecretofhappinessistobeactive.Manypeoplegodancingorplaysports.Peo
26、plecanforgetabouttheirproblemsandonlythinkabouttheactivities.Finally,manypeoplefindhappinessinhelpingothers.Accordingtostudies,peoplefeelgoodwhentheyvolunteertheirtimetodomanymeaningfulthingsforotherpeople.Ifyouwanttofeelhappier,dosomethingniceforsomeone.Youcanhelpafriendwithhisorherstudies,goshoppi
27、ngtogetfoodforanoldneighbor,orsimplyhelparoundthehouse.Nowmaybeyouknowhowtofindhappiness!第23页/共46页第二十三页，共47页。()1.Somepeoplewhoholdahighpositioninthegovernmentthinktheycan_.()2.Theunderlinedword“wealthy”means_inthearticle.()3.Wecaninfer（推断(tudun)）thatManypeoplefindithappyto_.()4.Thepassagemainlytells
28、us_.()5.Thewriterthinksthesecretofhappinessisthatpeople_A考查事实考查事实(shsh)细节细节A归纳主旨归纳主旨(zhzh)大意大意B推理判断推理判断D猜测生词猜测生词C推测作者的意图、态度、目的推测作者的意图、态度、目的第24页/共46页第二十四页，共47页。要充满自信要善于抓关键(gunjin)句和主题句要有文中信息支持点要扫读全文第25页/共46页第二十五页，共47页。Homework for Today1. Finish off the other passages on the paper.2. Guess the meanin
29、gs of the new words in passages.第26页/共46页第二十六页，共47页。表示因果关系的：表示因果关系的：because, as, since, for, so, as a result表示同义表示同义(tn y)关系的：关系的：and, like, just as表示反义关系的：表示反义关系的： but, however, though, although, yet, instead (of)等等等。等。（3）. 根据(gnj)关联词猜词第27页/共46页第二十七页，共47页。1.I could see nothing because the light was
30、 so faint 2.Tom is very rude, but his brother is quite polite.3. She is beautiful, and her daughter is as pretty as her.(昏暗(hn n)的）(有礼貌有礼貌(lmo)的的)(漂亮漂亮(pio ling)的的)第28页/共46页第二十八页，共47页。点击(dinj)中考Thereisaplaceonourearthwherehotwaterandsteamcomeupundertheground.ItisonalargeislandinthePacificOcean.Theis
31、landisNorthIslandinNewZealand.Whatdoestheword“steam”meaninChinese?_A.自来水B.大气C.冰川(bngchun)D.蒸汽D第29页/共46页第二十九页，共47页。（4）根据生活经验及普通(ptng)常识猜词1.China is our motherland. 2.Kangaroo mothers have pouches to carry their babies. 3.Its really cold outside, and my hands are both numb.(祖国祖国(zgu)(育儿袋育儿袋)(冻僵冻僵(dn j
32、in)了的了的,麻木的麻木的,失去知觉的失去知觉的)第30页/共46页第三十页，共47页。2. Doctors believe that smoking is detrimental to your health. 4. The boy had a happy family before. However, after the war, he became homeless. Exercises: Guess the meaning of the new words quickly. 1.Wealthy means having lots of money. 5. You must stop
33、dreaming and face reality.(富裕(fy)的，有钱的）(有害的)(现实(xinsh)3. My mother-in-law, my husbands mother, was a teacher.(婆婆(p p)(无家可归的）第31页/共46页第三十一页，共47页。解题技巧1.根据作者使用的词语的褒贬去判断作者的态度，正确理解反映(fnyng)作者态度和观点的关键词。2.要区别作者的态度和其他人的态度，不应把自己的态度渗透其中。第32页/共46页第三十二页，共47页。解题技巧：找主题句。一般新闻报道、说明文、议论文大都采用先总述、后分述的叙事方法，因此(ync)主题句大都
34、在段首或篇首。用归纳法写文章时，往往表述细节的句子在前，概述性的句子在后，并以此结尾。那么主题句往往就在段末或篇末。第33页/共46页第三十三页，共47页。2. 逻辑推理型2) 根据计算(j sun)判断 If everyone sets their air conditioning (空调(kn dio)at 26,Beijing will save 400 million kilowatt-hours(千瓦时) of electricity in one summer. Thats one-third of all the usage of the city in the season,”
35、 said a TV advertisement. Beijing will use_ million kilowatt-hours electricity in one summer. A. 1200 B. 800 C. 400一一.阅读理解阅读理解(lji)题目的设置方式：题目的设置方式：A第34页/共46页第三十四页，共47页。2.逻辑推理型1）根据常识(chngsh)判断Onedayweinvitedsomefriendstodinner.Whenitwasaboutsixoclock,mywifefoundthatwehadlittlebread.Sosheaskedourfive-
36、year-olddaughter,Kathy,tobuysome.Oneday,Kathysparentsinvitedsomefriendsto_.A.havebreakfastB.havelunchC.havesupperD.haveaparty.C一一.阅读理解阅读理解(lji)题目的设置方式：题目的设置方式： 第35页/共46页第三十五页，共47页。4.理解(lji)词句含义型Nowtherearemanyhousesaroundthelake.peopleoftenusechemicalsintheirgardens.Theyuseotherchemicalsinsidetheirh
37、ousesforcleaningorkillinginsects(昆虫).Therearealsomanybusinessmen.Businessmenusechemicalsintheirmachinesorshops.“Chemical”inthestorymeans_.A.化学(huxu)家B污染品C药品D.化学(huxu)制品D一一.阅读阅读(yud)理解题目的设置方式：理解题目的设置方式：第36页/共46页第三十六页，共47页。常用提问方式：Accordingto(根据(gnj)thepassage,weknowthat_Thetitle(标题)ofthepassagecanbe_.
38、Thewritertellsus_.Fromthestorywecansee/learn/say_Themainideaofthispassageis_.Whatisthispassageabout?一一.阅读理解题目阅读理解题目(tm)的设置方式：的设置方式：3. 归纳归纳(gun)主旨句主旨句第37页/共46页第三十七页，共47页。Thewaysofguessingthenewwordsincontext:第38页/共46页第三十八页，共47页。A.利用(lyng)构词法进行猜测1.根据单词的前缀与后缀进行(jnxng)猜词。如，care(小心)careful(小心的)carefully(
39、小心地);2.write(写)rewrite(改写)。un- ; dis-;-less : ; mis-: ;re-: ; -ern:-er ,-or, -ist : ;2. 根据(gnj)“合成词”猜测。 如school + bag schoolbag down+stairs downstairs不无错误再,重复,重新表方向表示人第39页/共46页第三十九页，共47页。Exercises: Match the meaning with the new words.1.rebuild2.modernize3.man-made4.unsafe 5.misunderstan-dingA.不安全(n
40、qun)的B.误解C.重建D.现代化E.人造的第40页/共46页第四十页，共47页。 1. A lot of the worlds natural resources like oil come from poor countries. A. 环境(hunjng) B. 资源 C. 汽油2. The old man put on his spectacles and began to read. A. 帽子 B. 雨鞋 C. 眼镜3. My mom was a little heavy. And I was almost as plump as my mom. A. 丰满 B. 苗条 C. 强
41、壮4. Children have schoolbags with two straps to carry them. A. 口袋 B. 肩带 C. 纽扣Exercises: Choose the right answer.第41页/共46页第四十一页，共47页。二.阅读理解解题(jit)方法1.先看文章,再看试题.2.先看试题,然后带着问题再看文章.(常用方法)三.阅读理解解题步骤1.扫读:即快速阅读,通览全文.发现关键句(特别要注意文章的第一段和最后一段的头一句.2.细读:集中精力研读课文(kwn),分清文章体裁,把握文章中心和主要内容,进而掌握文章细节信息(五个W,who,what,wh
42、en,where,why)3.查读:认真检查,尽量减少答题错误.第42页/共46页第四十二页，共47页。 Mr.and Mrs.Bell are very forgetful. For example, Mr.Bell sometimes goes to his office for work on Sunday morning, for he thinks it is Monday. And Mrs.Bell some- times forget to cook supper for the family. One summer they planned to fly to New York
43、 for their holidays. They got to the airport only ten minutes before the plane took off. So time was short. But suddenly Mrs. Bell said she must tell Alice,their daughter, not to forget to lock the front door when she went to school. As Alice was then at school,they couldnt tell her about it by tele
44、phone. So they hurried to the post office. Mrs.Bell wrote a short note to Alice while Mr.Bell bought a stamp and an envelo- pe. Soon the note was ready. They put the stamp on the envelope in a hurry and dropped it in the letter box. But suddenly Mrs.Bell began to cry. The short note was still in her
45、 hand. She had put the plane tickets in the envelope.第43页/共46页第四十三页，共47页。( )(1). The word “forgetful ” means_. A.忘记(wngj) B.健忘的 C.难忘的( )(2).How did they plan to go to New York onesummer? A.by plane B.by train C.by bus( )(3). Because Alice was then ay school , they had to _to Alice. A. phone B.write
46、a note C.send a E-mail( )(4). What did they drop _in the letter box? A. a note B. the tickets C. the money( )(5). The main idea of this passage is_. A. Mr.and Mrs.Bell are very forgetful. B. Mr.and Mrs.Bell planned to fly to New York. C. Mr.and Mrs.Bell are very old.1.Read the article for 2 minutes,
47、 and find the key sentence of the article.BABBA第44页/共46页第四十四页，共47页。Summary阅读(yud)技巧：1.浏览问题，通读全文2.抓住中心句（标题，首段，每段的首尾句，总-分-总,总-分）3.克服以下不良习惯：心读，一个词一个词的看，只读不记4.遇到生词要沉着冷静第45页/共46页第四十五页，共47页。谢谢大家(dji)观赏！第46页/共46页第四十六页，共47页。内容(nirng)总结考查事实细节：。（四）归纳主旨大意:主要包括主题思想、写作意图、文章的题目等。主题句一般在段首或段尾，有时也在中间。2. 逻辑推理型1） 根据常识判断。down+stairs downstairs。谢谢(xi xie)大家观赏第四十七页，共47页。
