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1、Grammar ：The Infinitive动词不定式动词不定式 B 7，Unit 1 Living well动词不定式是动词的一种非谓语形式。由“to+动词原形”构成, 其否定形式是“not/never to do”,不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语,没有人称和数的变化,但有时态和语态的变化。不定式可以作主语、宾语、状语、表语和定语，但不能单独作谓语。动词不定式动词不定式一.结构结构 : to do 二. (否定否定) not/never to do 二二. 时态与语态时态与语态主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态一般式一般式进行式进行式完成式完成式完成进行式完成进行式不定式不定式 to
2、do to be done to be doing to have done to have been done to have been doing-(1).They pretended not to see us.(2). He pretended to be sleeping. (3).She pretended to have known it before.( (一般式表示与谓语的动作同时一般式表示与谓语的动作同时/ /几乎几乎/ /发生在发生在它之后它之后.).)( (在谓语动词发生的同时在谓语动词发生的同时, ,不定式的动作也正在进行不定式的动作也正在进行) )( (完成式表示动
3、作发生在谓语动作之前完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前) )(4).Were happy to have been working with you. ( (完成进行式表示谓语动作发生之前完成进行式表示谓语动作发生之前, ,不定式的不定式的动作一直在进行而且可能之后也继续动作一直在进行而且可能之后也继续) )1. 作主语作主语2. 作表语作表语4. 作宾语补足语作宾语补足语3. 作宾语作宾语5. 作定语作定语6. 作状语作状语7. 作作插入语插入语三、用法三、用法To see is to believe.Its important to learn English well .1. 主语主语单个
4、不定式作主语时单个不定式作主语时, ,谓语动词用单数谓语动词用单数若不定式太长若不定式太长, ,往往用往往用itit作形式主语作形式主语, ,不定式置后不定式置后. .My job to help the patient.Your task to clean the classroom.isis2. 表语表语I want to go home.The workers demanded to get better pay.I found it necessary to talk to him again.3 宾语宾语think/ consider/ find it + adj.+ to do 常
5、接动词不定式作宾语的动词有：常接动词不定式作宾语的动词有：want, agree, afford, attempt, choose, dare, decide, demand, deserve, determine, fail, expect, get,hate, hesitate, hope, intend, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, seem, tend, wish。The teacher told me to clean the blackboard.I expect you to give me so
6、me help.引导不定式作宾补的动词：引导不定式作宾补的动词：warn, tell, allow, help, ask, force等等+sb to do sth4. 宾补宾补五看五看 watch see look at observe notice(1.)使役动词：三使使役动词：三使 let make have 二听二听 listen to hear一感觉一感觉: feel(2.)感官动词感官动词e.g. I made him do his work.He was made to do his work (by me).注意注意(2.) help 后面的后面的“to”可省去可省去e.g.
7、They often help the grandma (to) carry water.(1.)在在使役动词使役动词 let, make, have和和感官动词感官动词feel; hear, listen to; watch,see, notice, look at,observe等等 后面后面,不定式作不定式作宾语补足语宾语补足语时要省时要省“to” （注（注:被动被动 语态不能省语态不能省to）(3) 不定式用在不定式用在介词介词but, except, besides后时后时,如果这些介词前有行为动词如果这些介词前有行为动词do的任何一种的任何一种形式形式,那么介词后的不定式不带那么介
8、词后的不定式不带to,相反则带相反则带to. She could do nothing but cry. You have no choice but to go. What do you like to do besides sleep?I have something to say.He has a lot of homework to do .He is looking for a room to live in .There is nothing to worry about.5. 定语定语(如果不定式中的动词是如果不定式中的动词是不及物不及物动词动词,则不定式中要有介词则不定式中要有
9、介词.)请给我一支写字的笔请给我一支写字的笔.Please give me a pen to write with. He spoke loudly (so as / in order) to be heard.(1.) 表示目的表示目的: to in order to so as to6 作状语作状语He got up early to catch the train.I came here to see you.(2.) 表示原因表示原因: 不定式可以用在作表语的形容词后作不定式可以用在作表语的形容词后作状语状语, sorry, surprised, happy, glad, eager,
10、 angry, right, wrong, rude, cruel, disappointed等。等。eg: Im glad / pleased to see you. We were surprised to hear the news.so + adj. / adv. + as to dosuch + adj. + n. +as to doadj. / adv.+ enough + to do He was so foolish as to believe it. = He was such a fool as to believe it. = He was foolish enough
11、to believe it.(3.) 结果状语结果状语: :注意注意:不定式不定式往往表示往往表示与主观愿望相反与主观愿望相反的结果。的结果。 He hurried to the station, only to find the train had left.7.插入语插入语to be frank, to be honest,To begin with,To tell the truth, I dont agree with you.类似的结构类似的结构疑问词疑问词 who,which, when, how, whatwho,which, when, how, what等等与不定式与不定式连
12、用，连用，在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、表语、宾语等。在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、表语、宾语等。He didnt know what to say. . (宾语宾语) 他不知道说什么。他不知道说什么。How to solve the problem is very important. .(主语主语) 如何解决这个问题很重要。如何解决这个问题很重要。My question is when to start. . (表语表语)我的问题是什么时候开始。我的问题是什么时候开始。 四、四、疑问词疑问词+不定式不定式注意：注意： (1).不定式中的动词上文已出现过不定式中的动词上文已出现过,下文要下文
13、要 省略该动词省略该动词. A: Would you like to go with me ? B: Id like to .(2). 不定式是不定式是to be 结构结构, be 不可省不可省. A: Would you like to be a teacher? B: Id like to be.(3)若不定式中有若不定式中有have done，要保留到，要保留到have。 A: -He hasnt come here yet. B: Well, he ought to have.不定式作某些形容词的状语，和句子主语构成逻辑不定式作某些形容词的状语，和句子主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，不定式多
14、用主动形式。这些形容词上的动宾关系，不定式多用主动形式。这些形容词有有:difficult, easy, hard, comfortable,pleasant, fit ,unfit,light, heavy,good, safe,dangerous等。等。 The book is difficult to understand. She is easy to get along with.to rent, be to blame和to seek 等用主动形式表被动意思。 He is to blame for the accident.1.My teacher was made _ his t
15、eaching2. because of poor health.A.giving up B. to give up B.C. give up D. given upC.3.The Arctic is considered _ the northern part of the Atlantic.D.having been B. to have beenE.C. to be D. being6.The light in the office is still on. - Oh, I forgot _.A.turning it off B. turn it offB.C. to turn it o
16、ff D. having turned it off7.-How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers? -The key _ the problem is to meet the demand _ by the customers.A.to solving, making B. to solving, madeB.C. to solve, making D. to solve, madeC.8. -What do you think of the school?D. -It is a v
17、ery good _.E.school to study in F.B. school for children to studyG.C. studying school D. school to study9. -Did you get a job? - No, I _ , but its no use.A.expected B. tried to B.C. managed to D. plannedC.10.We find it impossible for us _ the workD. ahead of time.E.to be finished B. finishing F.C. b
18、eing finished D. to finish12._ a living, she had to work from morning till night.A.To make B. MadeB.C. Making D. To have madeC.13. I would rather starve to death than _D. for food.E.beg B. begging C. begged D. to begF.14.The boy pretended _ when his teacherG. entered.H.reading B. to read I.C. to be reading D. being read15. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _. A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not toHe returned after the war, only _ that his wife had left him. A.to be told B.telling C.being told D.toldA
