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1、虚拟语气虚拟语气(一一)Subjunctive Mood (I)sbd(k)tivGRAMMER 语法语法7/22/2024 陈述语气陈述语气 (The Indicative Mood) I went to the theatre yesterday.Jack havent come back home yet. Have you ever been to France? What a splendid palace! 祈祈使语气使语气 (The Imperative Mood)Lets go.Dont touch anything on the table until the bell ri
2、ngs.一一. 语气的分类语气的分类 虚拟语气虚拟语气 The Subjunctive Mood 1). If I were you, I would not leave her alone. 2).Our teacher suggested that we (should) go to the library this afternoon.条件句条件句表示表示主句主句的条件的条件,分分真实条件句真实条件句 和和虚拟条件句虚拟条件句 两种。两种。a.真实条件句真实条件句 表示条件是表示条件是真的或有可能实现的真的或有可能实现的, 采采用用陈述语气陈述语气。If it rains, the ba
3、sketball match will be put off.b. 虚拟条件句虚拟条件句 表示条件是表示条件是无法实现无法实现或或几乎无法实现几乎无法实现的的, 采用采用虚拟语气虚拟语气。 If I were you, I would study hard to enter the key university. 二二. 虚拟条件句虚拟条件句7/22/2024if 虚拟条件句的概念虚拟条件句的概念由由 if 引导的虚拟条件句叫作引导的虚拟条件句叫作 if虚拟虚拟条件句条件句I could easily recognize him if I had seen him before.其他虚拟条件句
4、其他虚拟条件句Without your help, I couldnt have finished my work on time. 三三. if 虚拟条件句的虚拟条件句的结构结构a. 表示表示现在现在的假设的假设b. 表示表示过去过去的假设的假设c. 表示表示将来将来的假设的假设What would you do if you won the lottery?If I won the lottery, I wouldIf I _the lottery, I _an expensive car. wonwould buyIf I had a lot of money, I _a villa.w
5、ould buyIf I had a lot of money now, I _ _around the world.would travelIf it were fine now,I _shopping.would go条件条件从句从句If 从句的谓语从句的谓语形式形式主句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式现在现在过去式过去式did/werewould/could/should/might +V. (原原)一一.虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法。虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法。a. If they _ (be) here, they _ (take) your advice.b. If the worl
6、d-war _ (break) out again, what _ (happen) to our people on the earth?werewould takebrokewould happenPRACTICE 1: Fill in the blanks.c. If the policeman _ (be not) in that room, it _ (be) very dangerous.d. If I _ (be) in your position, I _ (ask) for teachers help.were notcould bewerewould askIf he _
7、more carefully, he _ the car accident yesterday.had driven would not have had If I _ how to swim,I _ trapped in this island.had learnt would not have been 条件条件从句从句If 从句的谓从句的谓语形式语形式 主句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式过去过去过去完成去完成时 had donewould/could/should/might + have+ donea. If Tom _ (be) more careful in the exam, he _
8、 (pass) it already.b. If you _ (get) up earlier, you _ (catch) the first train.had beenwould have passedhad gotwould have caughtPRACTICE 2: Fill in the blanksc. If I _ (meet) you yesterday, we _ (go) to the concert together.d. If the hurricane_ (happen) during the daytime, there_ (be)more deaths.had
9、 metwould have gonehad happenedwould have beenn. n. 飓风，暴风飓风，暴风If he got up early, he would be on time.假如他来了假如他来了, 我们对他说什么呢？我们对他说什么呢？If he were to come, what should we say to him?假如他看见我假如他看见我, 就会认识我。就会认识我。If he should see me, he would know me.条件条件从句从句If 从句的谓语从句的谓语形式形式主句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式将来将来1.动词过去式动词过去式2.s
10、hould+V.3. were to dowould/could/ should/ might +V. (原原)a. If there _ (be) no natural resource any more, we _ (make) use of nuclear power .b. What _ (happen) if you _ (get up) too late tomorrow?should beshould makewould happenshould get upPRACTICE 3: Fill in the blanksc. If Robots _ (control) the wo
11、rld some day, there _ (be) no friendship.d. If it _(rain) tomorrow, we _(not go out).were to controlwould berained/should rain/were to rainshould not go out条件从条件从句与句与-事实事实相反相反从句的谓语形式从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式现在现在过去过去未来未来过去式过去式 did (或或were)过去完成时过去完成时had donewould/could/should/might +dowould/could/should/m
12、ight+have+done1.过去式过去式 did2. should+ V.(原原)3. were to dowould/could/should/might +do虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法 (没商量，无条件背会没商量，无条件背会)详见课本详见课本P86有时虚拟条件从句与主句的时间不一致，出现有时虚拟条件从句与主句的时间不一致，出现混合混合虚拟虚拟语气结构语气结构。1).If he had followed the doctors advice, he would be well.2).If I were you ,I would not have gon
13、e to see the film yesterday.在混合虚拟语气结构中，从句表示的动作与主句表在混合虚拟语气结构中，从句表示的动作与主句表示的动作的时间不一致，这时主、从句谓语动词的示的动作的时间不一致，这时主、从句谓语动词的形式要根据它们发生的时间进行调整。形式要根据它们发生的时间进行调整。与过去相反与过去相反与将来相反与将来相反与现在相反与现在相反与过去相反与过去相反 虚拟条件句的虚拟条件句的倒装倒装在虚拟条件句中从句谓语动词有在虚拟条件句中从句谓语动词有were, had, should时时,可省可省略略if,把把 were, had, should 移到移到主语主语前面前面, 采
14、取部分倒装。采取部分倒装。1) If I were you, I would try it again. Were I you, I would try it again. 2) If they were to arrive before we depart tomorrow, we should have a wonderful party. Were they to arrive before we depart tomorrow, 3) If you had studied hard, you might have passed the exam. Had you studied har
15、d, you might have passed the exam.4) If he should be interested in climbing, Ill phone him. Should he be interested in climbing, Ill phone him. 虚拟语气特殊句型虚拟语气特殊句型wishwishIn Subjunctive mood虚拟语气的特殊用法：虚拟语气的特殊用法：1 wish+宾语从句宾语从句：表示不能实现的愿望，：表示不能实现的愿望， 表示表示“但愿但愿.； 就好了；可惜就好了；可惜；多多好好1. 表示表示现在现在不能实现的愿望，不能实现的愿望
16、，从句从句的的谓语谓语动动词用词用过去式过去式。要是我能返老还童就好了。要是我能返老还童就好了。I wish (that) I were young again.我但愿自己能年轻我但愿自己能年轻10岁。岁。I wish I were ten years younger.2. 表示表示将来将来不能实现的愿望，从句的谓语动词用不能实现的愿望，从句的谓语动词用would/could/might+动词原形动词原形(不用不用should) 但愿将来某一天我能飞上月球。但愿将来某一天我能飞上月球。 I wish I could fly to the moon one day.3. 表示表示过去过去不能实现
17、的愿望不能实现的愿望,从句的谓语动词用从句的谓语动词用 过去完成时过去完成时 （had done）How I wish I had studied hard before the exam. 要是考前努力学习了该多好啊！要是考前努力学习了该多好啊！1. wish 的宾语的宾语从句从句现在现在: 过去时（过去时（或或were）过去过去: 过去完成时过去完成时未来未来: would/could/might +V. shouldI wish I _（be) as tall as Yao Ming.wereI wish I_(be) a bird.wereI wish every day _(be)
18、my birthday.wereI wish / wished I_ (not eat) so much watermelon.hadnt eatenI wish it _tomorrow.would rain2. would rather sb.宁愿宁愿/宁可某人宁可某人.现在现在:过去过去:未来未来:过去时过去时过去时过去时过去完成时过去完成时我宁可你现在去那里。我宁可你现在去那里。(would rather)I would rather you went there now.我宁可你昨天走了。我宁可你昨天走了。I would rather you had gone yesterday. 不要来，我宁愿你明天才来。不要来，我宁愿你明天才来。Dont come. I would rather you came tomorrow.It is time that中的虚拟语气中的虚拟语气Its time that we went to bed.Its time that we should go to bed. 3. Its (about/high) time that 是该是该.的时候了的时候了过去去时should +V我们该去睡觉了我们该去睡觉了
