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1、Unit 3 grammarit的用法的用法1.做形式主语做形式主语 It 可以用作先行词作为句子的主语可以用作先行词作为句子的主语,而把句子的真正主语移到后面去而把句子的真正主语移到后面去, 可以移到后面的主语是：可以移到后面的主语是： 1) 不定式不定式 句子的谓语可以是句子的谓语可以是 be + 形容词；形容词；e.g. It is important to know your limitations. 知道自己的局限性是很重要的。知道自己的局限性是很重要的。be+名词；名词；e.g. It is a good idea to have a little notebook handy.
2、手边有个小笔记本是个好主意。手边有个小笔记本是个好主意。be+介词短语；介词短语；e.g. It is against the law to do that. 这样做是违法的。这样做是违法的。其他类型的谓语其他类型的谓语e.g. It gives me great pleasure to see the movie. 观看电影让我很高兴。观看电影让我很高兴。2) 动名词动名词用用no good, no use, great fun, a new experience等名词作表语；等名词作表语；e.g. It is fun working for him. 为他工作很有意思。为他工作很有意思。也
3、可用某些形容词作表语；也可用某些形容词作表语；e.g. Do you think it is worthwhile quarrelling with him？ 你认为和他吵值得吗？你认为和他吵值得吗？一些其他的谓语形式。一些其他的谓语形式。e.g. Does it matter wasting a little money? 稍微浪费一点钱行吗？稍微浪费一点钱行吗？3) 主语从句主语从句可以是可以是that引导的；引导的；e.g. It is strange that it hasnt been noticed before. 真奇怪真奇怪, 它以前没有引起注意。它以前没有引起注意。 It i
4、s a wonder that he is still alive. 他居然还活着他居然还活着, 真是个奇迹。真是个奇迹。 It happened that the harvest was bad that year. 碰巧碰巧, 那年的收成不好。那年的收成不好。It is said that there has an earthquake in Japan. 据说日本发生了地震。据说日本发生了地震。 也可能是也可能是wh-词引导的词引导的e.g. It is still a question how many people are to come. 多少个人会来多少个人会来, 还是个问题。还
5、是个问题。 It is no business of yours where I spend my summer.我在哪儿过夏天我在哪儿过夏天, 这不关你的事。这不关你的事。It remains to be seen whether it will do us harm or good. 对我们有好处还是有害处对我们有好处还是有害处, 还要等着还要等着瞧。瞧。It was clear enough what he meant. 他的意思很清楚。他的意思很清楚。 当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式、动当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式、动名词、宾语从句时名词、宾语从句时, 往往把宾语放往往把宾语放在它的补足语后
6、面在它的补足语后面, 而用而用it作形式宾作形式宾语语, 放在宾语补足语之前。放在宾语补足语之前。e.g. I think it no use arguing with him. 我认为和他争吵没有用。我认为和他争吵没有用。2. 作形式宾语。作形式宾语。I found it very interesting to study English. 我发现学英语非常有趣。我发现学英语非常有趣。He made it clear that he was not interested in this subject. 他非常清楚地表示他对那门学科不他非常清楚地表示他对那门学科不感兴趣。感兴趣。 3. 用于
7、强调结构用于强调结构 要强调句子的某一部分要强调句子的某一部分, 通常是主语、通常是主语、状语、宾语状语、宾语, 可以把可以把it当作先行词。当作先行词。这种句子的结构是：这种句子的结构是： “It is/was+被强调部分被强调部分+that/who+句句子的其他部分子的其他部分”。如果强调的是人。如果强调的是人,可以用可以用who, whom代替代替that。e.g. It is Prof. Lin who teaches us English. (强调主语强调主语) It is English that Prof. Lin teaches us (强调宾语强调宾语) It was in
8、Shanghai that I saw the film. (强调状语强调状语) It was in 2001 that I went to university. (强调状语强调状语)e.g. The frog is not a warm-blood animal. Its a cold-blooded one.4. 用作人称代词用作人称代词代替前文提到的事物。代替前文提到的事物。5. 作为非人称代词作为非人称代词1) 起指示代词的作用起指示代词的作用, 指一个人或事物。指一个人或事物。e.g. Who is knocking at the door？ Its me.2) 泛指天气。泛指天气
9、。e.g. Its a warm sunny afternoon.3) 泛指时间泛指时间e.g. It was nearly midnight when she came back.4) 泛指环境泛指环境e.g. It is noisy here.5) 泛指距离泛指距离e.g. It is half an hours walk to the city center. 6. 用于某些习语用于某些习语 make it 及时赶到及时赶到;成功成功;办成办成 e.g. You can make it if you hurry. 如如果你赶快还可以及时赶到。果你赶快还可以及时赶到。 You neednt
10、 worry; he will make it.你不必担心你不必担心, 他会办到的。他会办到的。catch it 被责骂被责骂; 受处罚受处罚e.g. If I come home late, Ill catch it from my mother. 如如果我回家晚了果我回家晚了, 我妈妈会骂我。我妈妈会骂我。 Youll catch it because of your carelessness. 你会因为你的不小心受处罚的。你会因为你的不小心受处罚的。7. It的一些习惯用法的一些习惯用法uHow is it with your study? 学习好吗？学习好吗？uThats it. 这就
11、对了。这就对了。uIt went hard with him. 他身遇不幸。他身遇不幸。uIt is all over with me. 我完蛋了。我完蛋了。uWe must fight it out. 我们必须坚持到底。我们必须坚持到底。uI cant help it. 我没有办法。我没有办法。I. 单项选择单项选择1. He didnt make _ clear when and where the meeting would be held. (天津天津) A. this B. that C. it D. these 2. _ is our belief that improvement
12、s in health care will lead to a stronger, more prosperous economy. (浙江浙江)A. As B. That C. This D. It3. The doctor advised Vera strongly that she should take a holiday, but _ didnt help. (全国卷全国卷III)A. it B. she C. which D. he4. Id appreciate _ if you would like to teach me how to use the computer. (山
13、东山东)A. thatB. it C. this D. you自测试题自测试题1-10CDABD BCBDA五、当堂检测五、当堂检测【答案】【答案】 (1) it; one; one (2) ones (3) that (4) those / the ones (5) that / the one1.You wont find difficult to get to the it2.I know there is not easy to be a teacher. it3.This is not surprising that the Silver Ghost It4.The employme
14、nt rate has continued to rise in big cities thanks to the efforts of the local governments to increase them. It5.The cost of renting a house in central Xian is higher than it in any other area of the city. that1.It (suddenly) occurred to him2.It is reported3.to turn it off 4. found it/ found (that) it was it easier 5.It is/was estimated6. It remains to be seen7. it came about 8. adjusted to it9.whoever values life/ anyone who values life 10.it has been proved/proven语法填空语法填空1.interested 2. totally 3.left 4.reservation 5. with 6.dollars 7. reasonable 8. a 9. the 10. but
