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1、Advance with English Unit 3Grammar and usageNon-restrictive attributive clauses 非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句who/thatWho is he?*The man _ is sitting there is Brad Pitt.*The man she speaks to is Brad Pitt.*The man _ she speaks is Brad Pitt.to whom who/whom/that/-Who is she?Cecilia, _ took weight-loss pills, now r
2、ealizes that health is important.Cecilia, _ body is thin, still wants to lose some weight (减肥减肥).whowhose限制性定语从句与先行词之间不用限制性定语从句与先行词之间不用逗号隔开；逗号隔开；非限制性定语从句与先行词之间一非限制性定语从句与先行词之间一般用逗号隔开。般用逗号隔开。My cousin whose father is a teacher wants to be an actor.My cousin , whose father is a teacher , wants to be an
3、 actor. 1. A. This is the place where I lived ten years ago. B. She is going to spend the winter holiday in Macao, which returned to China in 1999.2. A. He is a man who I can ask for help. B. His father, who works in Beijing, came back yesterday.限制性定语从句和先行词关系密切，如限制性定语从句和先行词关系密切，如果去掉从句，剩余部分意义不完整；非果去掉
4、从句，剩余部分意义不完整；非限制性定语从句只是先行词的附加说明，限制性定语从句只是先行词的附加说明，如果去掉从句，意义仍然完整。如果去掉从句，意义仍然完整。 1. I have a sister who works in a hospital. 我有一位在医院工作的姐姐我有一位在医院工作的姐姐。2.I have a sister, who works in a hospital.我有一位姐姐，她在医院工作。我有一位姐姐，她在医院工作。3.All the magazines here which have beautiful pictures in them were written by hi
5、m.里面有漂亮图画的那些杂志是他写的。里面有漂亮图画的那些杂志是他写的。4.All the magazines here, which have beautiful pictures in them, were written by him.所有的杂志都是他写的，里面都有漂亮的图画。所有的杂志都是他写的，里面都有漂亮的图画。有时同一个限制性从句变为非限制性从句有时同一个限制性从句变为非限制性从句会改变全句的意思。会改变全句的意思。（不只一位姐姐）（不只一位姐姐）（只有一位姐姐）（只有一位姐姐）（杂志有带图画和不带图画两类）（杂志有带图画和不带图画两类）（杂志只有一种）（杂志只有一种）His f
6、ather, who works in Beijing, came back yesterday.当先行词是地名人名、世界上独一无二当先行词是地名人名、世界上独一无二的事物或家庭唯一成员时，通常只用非的事物或家庭唯一成员时，通常只用非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句。Shanghai, which is in East China, is developing rapidly.Fill in the blanks with proper relative words.1. The famous basketball star, _is an American, came to China yes
7、terday.2. In those days, she used to go to Mr black, with _ she had a wonderful time.3. I bought a car yesterday,_ cost me a lot.4. Xian, _I visited last year, is a nice old city.5. He will come to see me next July, _ he wont be so busy.6. The school,_I once studied, was built thirty years ago.7. Jo
8、hn said hed been working in the office for an hour,_ was true.whowhomwhichwhichwhenwherewhich He missed the show, which was a great pity. He invited me to dinner, which made me happy.非限制性定语从句中关系代词非限制性定语从句中关系代词which/as可指整个可指整个主句的意思或一部分意思。主句的意思或一部分意思。As引导的定语从句既可引导的定语从句既可以位于句末，也可以位于句首或句中。以位于句末，也可以位于句首或
9、句中。As everyone knows, China is a country with a long history. 正如大家所知，中国是一个正如大家所知，中国是一个有着悠久历史的国家。有着悠久历史的国家。She is a teacher, as is clear from her manner.她是位教师，这一点从她的举止可以清楚地她是位教师，这一点从她的举止可以清楚地看出。看出。 More examples By serving others, a person focuses on someone other than himself or herself, _ can be ve
10、ry eye-opening and rewarding. （2007湖南） A. who B. which C. what D. that Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others, _, of course, made the others envy (嫉妒嫉妒) him. (2004天津天津) A. who B. that C. what D. which Carol said the work would be done by October, _ personally (就我个人而论就我个人而论) I d
11、oubt (怀疑怀疑) very much. (1999全国全国) A. it B. that C. when D. which关系代词：关系代词：which / who / whom / whose / as 关系副词：关系副词：when / where(非限制性定语从句中不用关系非限制性定语从句中不用关系词词that；非限制性定语从句中关；非限制性定语从句中关系词不能省略系词不能省略)非限制性定语从句中通常使用非限制性定语从句中通常使用下列关系代词和副词下列关系代词和副词在在of which/whom之前可以使用之前可以使用表达数量或定位的数词或代词。表达数量或定位的数词或代词。1. I
12、am doing different types of exercises, all of _are quite helpful to my health.2. Many people, some of _are not overweight, are going on diets.3. There are 54 students in my class, three of _come from US.Other exampleswhichwhomwhom Last week，only two people came to look at the house， _ wanted to buy
13、it. (2007安徽) A. none of them B. both of them C. none of whom D. neither of whom The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, 80% _ are sold abroad. (2004辽宁辽宁) A. of which B. which of C. of them D. of thatDifferences:Comma（逗号）（逗号）The non-restrictive attributive clause can be left ou
14、t.（非限制性定语从句可以（非限制性定语从句可以被省略）被省略）We cant use “that” in it.（非限制性定（非限制性定语从句中不可以用语从句中不可以用that)We cant miss the relative words, （非限制性定语从句中关（非限制性定语从句中关 系代词不可以被省略）系代词不可以被省略）Can you find the non-restrict attributive clauses in your reading, P42,43 *Im taking weight-loss pills called Fat-Less, which are quit
15、e popular among young women here.*My mother, whom you met last year, keeps telling me not to take them because they are dangerous.*Then the doctor found that someone in your country, whose name is Li Dong, was an exact match for me. *Its the same in Chinamany people, some of whom are not overweight
16、at all, are always going on diets or taking weight-loss pills, which are often dangerous. It is reported that two schools, _ are being built in my hometown，will open next year.（2007四川）四川） A. they both B. which both C. both of them D. both of which I have many friends, some _ are businessmen. (2005全国
17、全国) A. why B. from which C. who of D. of whom If a shop has chairs _ women can park their men, women will spend more time in the shop. (2005上海) A. that B. which C. when D. where I walked in our garden, _ Tom and Jim were tying a big sign onto one of the trees. (2005辽宁) A. which B. when C. where D. t
18、hat Great changes have taken place in that school. It is no longer what it was 20 years ago, _ it was so poorly equipped. (2005安徽) A. when B. which C. what D. that Jim passed the driving test, _ surprised everybody in the office. （2005浙江） A. which B. that C. this D. itThe English play _ my students
19、acted at the New Years party was a great success. (2004全国) A. for which B. at which C. in which D. on whichThere were dirty marks on her trousers _ she had wiped her hands. (2004全国) A. where B. which C. when D. thatHomework Finish the given exerciseson P48-49.Unit 3 Unit 3 Grammar and usageGrammar a
20、nd usage Question tags(2nd period) Question tags Do you say “I love you” to your parents, how do you say?Sometimes, you can ask:You love me, dont you?This kind of sentence is called question tag. Question tags are short questions that come at the end of statements. Question tags can be used when you
21、ask for agreement eg: You still go to the gym every day, dont you ?ask for confirmation eg: You still go to the gym every day, dont you?Notice:1. We use a negative question tag at the end of a positive statement; we use a positive question tag at the end of a negative statement. Looking good is impo
22、rtant to women, isnt it? I was very lucky, wasnt I? We shouldnt be ashamed of the way we look, should we?2. Words like neither, none, nobody, nothing, few, little, never, hardly or seldom are considered negative.Neither of you will have coffee, will you?No one has found my CD, have they?Nobody under
23、stood his speech, did they?His sister seldom argues with people, does she?3. We use a personal pron. like I, we, you, he, she, it or they in a question tag.eg: You wouldnt like to take these pills, would you?Everyone has advised you not to go on a diet, havent they?4. We use an auxiliary verb, modal
24、 verb or be in a question tag. eg: You like traveling, dont you? eg: You cant speak Italian, can you? eg: There is something wrong, isnt there?5. After an imperative clause, we use will you. After Lets, we use shall we.eg: Post a letter for me, will you?eg: Lets have a break, shall we? 1. When youve
25、 finished with that book, dont forget to put it back on the shelf, _? (2007北京）北京）A. do you B. dont you C. will you D. wont you2. There was a loud scream from the backstage immediately after the concert ended _? (2005上海上海) A. wasnt there B. was there C. didnt it D. did it3. There is no light in the d
26、ormitory. They must have gone to the lecture, _? (2004上海春上海春) A. didnt they B. dont they C. mustnt they D. havent they Bills aim is to inform the viewers that cigarette advertising on TV is illegal, _? A. isnt it B. is it C. isnt he D. is he1. consider1)考虑考虑 consider sth./doing sth.eg: We must consi
27、der the matter carefully. We must consider the feelings of other people. I am considering going abroad. We consider going downtown this afternoon.PS: consider 作作 “考虑考虑”时时, 不可用不可用to do! 2) consider 认为认为 +that clause/ sb. to beeg: We consider it (to be) true.=(We consider that it is true.)We consider
28、that you are not to blame.She is considered to be warm-hearted.3) consider as 认为认为是是eg: We consider this matter (as) unimportant.I consider what he said (as) reasonable. consider + n. + n.I consider it a great honor.I considered him a rascal.2. be skinny= be very thin3. lift weights4. side effect/af
29、fect5. achievement6. take the risk7. post Complete the following passages with who, whose, which, where, or when I have a good friend, (1)_ is really thin. Twice a week he goes to the gym, (2)_ he exercises and lifts weights. But the fact is hes still quite thin, (3)_makes him unhappy. Now he is thi
30、nking about taking some pills, (4)_ he thinks will make him become stronger. Does anyone know if its safe to take these pills?whowherewhichwhich I think going to a gym is a good way to keep healthy and strong. If your friend wants to be stronger, he should try to go there more often. Yes, there are
31、some pills to make you look strong. However, they have side effects, (5)_ will do harm to your health. After taking this kind of pill for some time, your friends hair might fall out or he might have health problems, some of (6)_ may evenwhichwhichdo harm to his liver or heart. Many sportsmen, (7)_ achievements were great, died very young because they took these kinds of pills. I dont think your friend should take the risk.Tell your friend not to take the pills because he may have health problems in the future, (8)_ it is too late. whosewhen同学们同学们来学校和回家的路上要注意安全同学们同学们来学校和回家的路上要注意安全
