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1、名词性从句含有从句的句子叫做主从复合句，简称复合句。根据从句在主句中所充当的不同成分，从句分为三种： 名词性从句（主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句）；本讲主要介绍名词性从句 形容词性从句（定语从句）；形容词性从句（定语从句）； 副词性从句（状语从句）副词性从句（状语从句）主语从句主语从句宾语从句宾语从句表语从句表语从句同位语从句同位语从句相当于一个相当于一个名词名词成分成分一、基本结构一、基本结构: : 引导词引导词 + + 从句从句( (陈述句语序陈述句语序) ) 连词连词连接代词连接代词连接副词连接副词二、引导词二、引导词: :thatthatif/whetherif/whetherwhowh
2、owhomwhomwhatwhatwhichwhichwhosewhosewhenwhenwherewherehow how whywhy不充当成分；不充当成分； 无意义无意义不充当成分；不充当成分； “是否是否”主语主语谁谁宾语宾语谁谁主主/ /宾宾什么，所什么，所的的主主/ /宾宾那个那个/ /些些定定谁的谁的状语状语缺什么补什么；不缺什么补缺什么补什么；不缺什么补thatthat三、常见考点三、常见考点: :1.1. 从句的语序：从句的语序：2. 2. 宾语从句的时态宾语从句的时态3. that3. that的省略问题的省略问题4. if / whether4. if / whether
3、5. what /that5. what /that从句的语序从句的语序所有从句都用所有从句都用_ _ 语序语序I have no idea I have no idea when _.when _.陈述句陈述句he will comehe will come宾语从句的时态宾语从句的时态1.1.主句是一般过去时主句是一般过去时, ,从句要用从句要用_._. He asked me whether I _ (see) his penHe asked me whether I _ (see) his pen.过去过去的某种时态的某种时态 had seen had seen2.2.如果宾语从句表达的
4、是如果宾语从句表达的是客观事实、真理、自然客观事实、真理、自然现象、名言、谚语现象、名言、谚语等时，主句即使使用了过去时，等时，主句即使使用了过去时，宾语从句仍然用宾语从句仍然用一般现在时一般现在时。 例如：例如：1).He 1).He saidsaid (that) (that) time is moneytime is money. .2). Our teacher 2). Our teacher told told us that us that light light travels much faster than soundtravels much faster than soun
5、d . .3. 3. 主将从现、主祈从现、主情从现主将从现、主祈从现、主情从现thatthat的省略问题的省略问题1. 1. 宾语从句宾语从句的的thatthat通常可以省略通常可以省略 多个宾语从句时多个宾语从句时, , 只有第一个只有第一个thatthat可以可以省略省略。He told me _ he would come and _ He told me _ he would come and _ he would come on time.he would come on time.(that)(that)2. 2. 引导引导表语从句表语从句、主语从句主语从句的的that that
6、不可省不可省略略. .My idea is _ we should stick to My idea is _ we should stick to our plan.our plan.thatthat_ the earth is round is true._ the earth is round is true.thatthatThatThatif if 还是还是weatherweather只能用只能用whetherwhether的情况的情况: :1.1.引导引导主主, ,表表 从句从句2.2.介词后的宾语介词后的宾语从句从句 3. 3. 句中有句中有or not or not 4. 4.
7、 放放不定式不定式前前I donI dont know _ t know _ to goto go or to stay. or to stay.It all depends It all depends onon _ you have enough _ you have enough time.time.We donWe dont know _ t know _ or notor not she was a she was a teacher.teacher. whether whether whether whether whether whetherwhat / thatwhat / t
8、hatHeisnotwhatheusedtobe.Thathewillcomeiscertain.(that不可省略)Ibelieve(that)theywillfinishtheworkintime.Whathesaidisveryimportanttous.that在引导名词性从句时，不在句子中做成分，不含疑问意义，也没有实际意义，只起连接作用，在句首时不可以省略。what在引导名词性从句时，既起连接作用，又在从句中做主语或宾语，在任何情况下都不能省略，它有具体意义，相当于all/everythingthat。Ithink_hewillbebackinaweek._hesaidistrue.Ireallydontknow_heisdoing._hewonthefirstprizemadehisclassmatesexcited.练一练练一练
