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1、Unit 4Verbal CommunicationPragmatic LeveldeclareinviterequestcomplimentaddressIn todays class, we willn look at cultural differences on pragmatic level Addressing Compliments and Compliment Responses Apologizingn discuss on how these superficial behaviors are related to the cultural assumptions of t
2、he speakersI. AddressingnA: Teacher Liu, could you come over to our party this Saturday?nA: Manager Smith, could I schedule your presentation on our new design for Friday morning?nA: Uncle policeman, could you tell me the way to the railway station?A. Surnames and Given namesChineseEnglishFormal Rel
3、ationship/SituationSurname +TitleTitle +SurnameNeutral Relationship /SituationSurname +TitleTitle +Surname Given NameClose Relationship/Informal SituationGiven NameGiven NameWhy different in name order?Chinese :surname + given name British: given name + surnameCollectivism;Family valuesIndividualism
4、B. Addressing family members, relatives and acquaintances ChineseEnglish二哥三叔李嫂张姐刘大伯老李, 李老小王SusanMaryAunt JennyUncle TomlCompare these two expressions: a. 林黛玉的母亲是贾宝玉的姑母，贾宝玉的母亲是林黛林黛玉的母亲是贾宝玉的姑母，贾宝玉的母亲是林黛玉的舅母，又是薛宝钗的姨母。玉的舅母，又是薛宝钗的姨母。 b. Three cousins of the French Presidents were also to receive diamonds
5、. Why do kin terms are extensively used by Chinese?Politeness to othersRespect to othersHierarchy C. The Use of TitlesnIn Chinese :n宋局长，高经理，刘老师 ，杨博士nIn English:nMr. ,Mrs., Miss, Ms, Dr., Judge, Governor, Mayor, President D. The ways of getting the attention of a stranger nIn Chinese:n同志？，师傅，大哥，叔叔，阿姨
6、，奶奶 nIn English:nExcuse me, Pardon meThe root of these differences lies innHierarchy & FormalitynEqualityII. Compliments and Compliment ResponsesCase 1: An American Woman compliments the Chinese womans lovely dressAmerican woman: Its exquisite. The colors are so beautiful.Chinese woman: Oh, its just
7、 an ordinary dress I bought in China.Case 2: An American friend introduces Mr. Chen to his other friends.The American: Let me introduce Mr. Chen, an outstanding physicist and one of the nicest people I know.Mr. Chen: Should I blush, or should I say that he doesnt really mean it?Differences Between C
8、hinese and English ComplimentsnWho and what to complimentnHow to complimentnHow often to complimentnHow to respond a complimentEnglish compliments Chinese complimentsThis was a great meal.You look so nice today.You did a good job. I like your haircut.I love your glasses.I really enjoyed your class.
9、裙子很漂亮。这房间真不错。你很用功，进步也很快。你待人真好！你该受到表扬。你真是学识渊博。 ComplimentsChinese responseEnglish response1.This is really a nice sweater.2.You did a good job.3. I like your scarf. It is very pretty.4.Your English is good.Translation:A Chinese hostess, if she is complimented for her cooking skill, is likely to say,-
10、随便弄几个菜，不好吃。 1) Oh， it is nothing. I just made some dishes casually and they are not very tasty.2) Oh, I am so glad that you liked it. I cook it especially for you.nCompliments aboutnMembers of ones familynA womans appearanceThe root of these differences lies innMODESTYnEqualityIII. ApologizingnWhen
11、to apologize nWho to apologizenHow to apologize and how to respondCase 1 A calls B, but B doesnt answer the call immediately. Compare the following two conversations.Conversation 1A: Why didnt you take up the phone just now?B: I just came in. I was in the office downstairs. A: Sorry, I should have p
12、honed your office first.Conversation 2A: 你刚才怎么没接电话？B: 我刚跑上楼，我刚才在下面的办公室里。A: 我说你怎么会耽误这么长时间呢。Case 2 Jennifer had a quarrel with her husband. Her daughter witnessed all.nJennifer: I am really sorry for all this. n此种情景若发生在一个中国家庭？Case 3 The boss is late for the meeting for ten minutes. Everyone is waiting
13、. Finally, the boss shows up.中：既然大家都到齐了，那我们开会吧！英：I am sorry I am late. I was detained.Case 4 The father forgets to bring a gift for his little boy. 中：呀，你瞧爸爸这臭记性。明天保证把礼物给你带回来。英：Im sorry, kid. I got so caught up in my thought that the gifts slipped my mind. Ill get them for you next time. Expressions
14、of ApologyEnglish expressionsChinese expressionsExcuse me. / Im sorry. / Pardon me.Sorry about that. / I apologize.Im very/so/terribly/awfully/extremely sorry for that.I cant tell you how sorry I am.I beg your pardon (for)Please forgive me (for).I must apologize for my rudeness/fault/mistakeI must m
15、ake an apology forMay I offer you my profoundest apologies?May I offer you my sincerest apologies for? 对不起。不好意思。请原谅（我的过失、鲁莽、粗心）我道歉。难以表达内心的歉意。向你表示深深的歉意。 n(At the end of a conversation) “Sorry, my English is not so good.” n (After the presentation) “Sorry, I didnt do it very well.” n“Thank you for cor
16、recting my paper. Im sorry to have wasted so much of your time. ”English expressionsChinese expressionsIt doesnt matter at all.Never mind.No harm done.Forget it.Please dont worry.I quite understand.Its not your fault.Its nothing.There is no reason to apologize. Its really not necessary. 没关系。不要紧。没事。我
17、理解。不是你的错。不用道歉/自责。 Self-check ListnCultural Differences on the Pragmatic LevelnAddressing peoplenCompliments and Compliment ResponsesnApologizingnThe following is what an American wrote of a Chinese banquet:nThe first six or seven dishes seemed to fill the table to overflowing, with plates precarious
18、ly wedged one on top of another. With my American-bred expectations, I assumed this vast first wave of food was surely the total number of dishes to be served, and I ate greedily, dazzled by the variety and sheer quantity.nThe Chinese guests around me, however, had a different reaction. They must no
19、t be very hungry,” I thought with a shrug, and continued my feast. nTo my surprise, more dishes soon were piled on top of the already mountainous stack. Plus two or three soups, side dishes, desserts, and delicacies of various kinds, all seemingly enough to feed the entire People Liberation Army.nNo
20、 wonder my fellow guests had merely sampled a few bites of each dish; they knew very well that these first few items were just the tip of a titanic culinary iceberg. I, however, was so stuffed after the first fifteen minutes that I could only watch as the remainder of the banquet took its course.Gro
21、up DiscussionDifferent understandings of hospitality:Chinese hospitality: Westerners perception of Chinese hospitalityWestern hospitality:Chinese perception of western hospitality:Differences in hospitalitynChinese:nPrepare more food than is needed; They would feel embarrassed if the food tends to b
22、e not enough or even just enough. nKeep urging guests to eat and drink more.nConstantly put the best pieces of food on the guests plate;nTake “No” as a polite form of “Yes”nIt is acceptable to leave unwanted food on the platenThe guest is expected to say: 不好意思，让你破费了。 饭菜这么丰盛，又让你花钱了。nThe host/hostess
23、may say: “多多包涵” “不成敬意“ “怠慢了您” “没什么好招待您的” nEnglish: nPrepare food according to number of guests, far less in quantity and variety, quite simpler;nLeave the guest to help himself.nPushing alcohol is offensive.nNo is No.nLeave unwanted food on the plate is rude to the host/hostess.nIf a guest accept th
24、e offer of food or drink, he is expected to finish it out of politeness.nThe guest is expected to praise the food out of politeness.eg. Guest: Thank you for the delicious food. Host: I am glad you like it. I cooked it especially for you.Chinese hospitality in westerners eyesnIts a waste.nThey feel uncomfortable since it seems they cannot choose the food they like.nThey think Chinese host and hostess are impolite since they ignore their words. nThey may feel annoyed since pushing alcohols is offensive.Western hospitality in Chinese eyesnUngenerous. nNot hospitable.nNot sincere and impolite.
