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1、名词性从句名词性从句1学习资料 Unit 1 The world of our sense Grammar Noun clause名词性从句名词性从句2学习资料名词从句又可分别称为名词从句又可分别称为名词从句又可分别称为名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和和和和同位语从句。同位语从句。同位语从句。同位语从句。 引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类： 连接词：连接词：that, whether, if连接代词：连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoe
2、ver, whom, whose, which.连接副词：连接副词：when, where, how, why3学习资料 一主语从句一主语从句 主主语语从从句句是是在在复复合合句句中中充充当当主主语语的的从从句句，通通常常放放在在主主句句谓谓语语动动词词之之前前或或由由形形式式主主语语itit代代替替，而而本本身身放放在句子末尾。在句子末尾。1. It 1. It 1. It 1. It 作形式主语作形式主语作形式主语作形式主语 It 作作形形式式主主语语代代替替主主语语从从句句，主主要要是是为为了了平平衡衡句句子子结结构构，主主语从句的连接词没有变化。例如：语从句的连接词没有变化。例如： I
3、t is a pity that you didnt go to see the film. It doesnt interest me whether you succeed or not. 4学习资料 Subject clause引导主语从句的连词主要有引导主语从句的连词主要有:一一.由由 that 引导的主从引导的主从:1. That we shall be late is certain.2. _ is known to all. (地球是圆的地球是圆的)3. _ is a pity. (你错过了这次机会你错过了这次机会) that 不作成分，无意义不作成分，无意义, 但不能省略但不能
4、省略. 后接一个完整的后接一个完整的陈述句陈述句.That the earth is roundThat you missed the chancethatwhether疑问词疑问词5学习资料注：that 引导的主语从句作主语，谓语用单数。That 引导的主从，常用形式主语it 代替，that 从句后移。That we need time is obvious.It is obvious that we need time.6学习资料2. What 引导的主从，what作主语，宾语或表语，表。的东西What we need is time.What he said it is true.7学习
5、资料What 引导的主从，谓语动词视后面的名词而定。What we need time.What he gave me are two books.is8学习资料 what 引引导导主主语语从从句句时时在在句句时时在在从从句句中中充充当当句句子子成成分分，如如主主语语宾宾语语表表语语，而而that 则则不不然。例如：然。例如： 1) _you said yesterday is right. 2) _she is still alive is a good thing. It is right what you said yesterday.It is a good thing that sh
6、e is still alive.WhatThat2. what 与与that 在引导主语从句时的区别在引导主语从句时的区别9学习资料3. 由whether引导的主从:e.g. Whether hell be able to come is not yet known. Whether we will succeed is still a question. 主语从句不能用if来引导;Ex:1.是否我们要参加这次会议仍未被决定。 Whether we shall attend the meeting hasnt been decided yet. 陈述语序陈述语序10学习资料4. 疑问词引导的
7、主语从句 what; which; who; whom; when; where; why; how 原则:缺什么补什么缺什么补什么What he said at the meeting surprised us.Who will win the game is not clear.Where he will go is unknown.Why they have not left yet puzzled me.How we can get there is a problem.11学习资料1._ makes this shop different is that it offers 1._
8、makes this shop different is that it offers more personal services.more personal services.A.What B. Who C. Whatever D. A.What B. Who C. Whatever D. WhoeverWhoever2._I can pay back the help that people give me 2._I can pay back the help that people give me makes me very happy.makes me very happy.A.Wh
9、ere B.What C.That D.HowA.Where B.What C.That D.How3.It3.It s not clear _s not clear _ was responsible for the _ was responsible for the accident.accident.A.Who B.What C.How D.ThatA.Who B.What C.How D.ThatAEx.CA12学习资料 二宾语从句二宾语从句二宾语从句二宾语从句 宾宾语语从从句句就就是是在在复复合合句句中中作作宾宾语语的的名名词词性性从从句句，通通常常放放在在主句谓语动词主句谓语动词
10、(及物动词及物动词) 或介词之后。或介词之后。1. 作动词的宾语作动词的宾语 (1) 由由that引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句(that 通常可以省略通常可以省略), 例如：例如： I heard that he joined the army. (2) 由由what, whether (if) 引导的宾语从句，例如：引导的宾语从句，例如： She did not know what had happened. I wonder whether you can change this note for me. (3) 动词间接宾语宾语从句。例如：动词间接宾语宾语从句。例如： She told
11、me that she would accept my invitation.2. 作介词的宾语，作介词的宾语，例如：例如： Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate(合作）合作）with one another.13学习资料3. 作形容词的宾语，作形容词的宾语，例如：例如： I am afraid (that) Ive made a mistake. I am sure (that) he will win the game.4. it 可以作为形式宾语可以作为形式宾语 it 不不仅仅可可以以作作为为形形式式主主语语，还还可可以以作
12、作为为形形式式宾宾语语而而真真正正的的宾宾语语that 从从句句则则放放在在句句尾尾，特特别别是是在在带带复复合合宾宾语语的的句句子子中中。 例如：例如： We thought it good news that the fog had finally gone.14学习资料 Object clause引导宾语从句的连词主要有引导宾语从句的连词主要有: :1 1.that.that引导的宾从引导的宾从 She sensed she was being watching. We believe he is honest. I told him I would come back soon.单个的
13、宾语从句中连词that可以省略.thatif/whether疑问词疑问词thatthatthat15学习资料如果宾语从句是由如果宾语从句是由andand或是或是butbut连接的两个句子连接的两个句子, ,那么那么要用要用2 2个连词分别引导两个句子个连词分别引导两个句子, ,并且不能省略并且不能省略. .He said that he liked rain very much andthat he would not use an umbrella.16学习资料2. if/whether 引导的宾从 如果宾语从句为如果宾语从句为一般疑问句一般疑问句一般疑问句一般疑问句时时, ,用用if if
14、或或whetherwhether来引导来引导e.g. I wonder if/whether he will come on time.e.g. I wonder if/whether he will come on time. if 和和whether 的选用的选用1)从句是一般疑问句作动词的宾语从句是一般疑问句作动词的宾语,二者都可用二者都可用;2)Whether or not搭配搭配,不能用不能用if;17学习资料whether whether 与与与与 if if 均均均均为为为为 “ “是是是是否否否否” ” 的的的的意意意意思思思思。但但但但在在在在下下下下列列列列情情情情况况况况
15、下下下下，whether whether 不能被不能被不能被不能被 if if 所取代：所取代：所取代：所取代：1.主语从句不能用主语从句不能用ifWhether he will come is unknown. 2. 表语从句不能用表语从句不能用if，如：，如：The question is whether you should accept it.3. 同位语从句不能用同位语从句不能用if，如：，如：The question whether hell attend the meeting is not decided.4. 从句作介词的宾语不能用从句作介词的宾语不能用if，如：，如： Im
16、 not interested in whether theyll go or not. It depends on whether we have got enough money. 5. 直接跟不定式连用，连词不能用直接跟不定式连用，连词不能用if 如：如：She hasnt decided whether to go or not.6.Whether or not搭配搭配,不能用不能用if18学习资料用if 或whether 填空1. I dont know _ Ill be free tomorrow.2. I dont know _ or not Ill be free tomorr
17、ow.3. The question is _ this book is worth writing. 4. It depends on _ we will have enough money.5. _ they can do it matters little to us.6._ you are not free tomorrow , Ill go without you.whether/ifwhetherwhetherwhetherWhetherIf 19学习资料3. 疑问词引导的宾语从句I dont know what I should do.I dont know where he l
18、ives.I dont know where hell visit.20学习资料3. 疑问词引导的宾从练习 1. I dont know _ broke the glass yesterday. 2. We should pay attention to _ the teacher is saying. 3. The teacher asked _ I was getting on with my classmates. A.what B. that C. how D. if 4. We thought _ strange that she didnt come yesterday. A. t
19、hat B. it C. this D. whatwhowhatCB21学习资料doubt 用于肯定句，其宾从用if/whetherI doubt whether he will come tomorrow.Doubt 用于否定句，疑问句，用thatI dont doubt that he will come tomorrow.Do you doubt that?22学习资料5. 虚拟语气在宾语从句中的应用：Suggest, insist, require, order,request, demand, propose, advice +that 主+should+V原形，should可省略。
20、 He suggested that a meeting should be held at once.He insisted that he not be sent to work in Tibet.23学习资料 Object clause宾语从句的注意点：宾语从句的注意点：1.1.单个的宾语从句中连词that可以省略. We believe he is honest.2.2.如如果果宾宾语语从从句句是是由由andand或或是是butbut连连接接的的两两个个句句子子, ,那那么么要要用用2 2个连词分别引导两个句子个连词分别引导两个句子, ,并且不能省略并且不能省略. . He said
21、that he liked rain very much andthat he would not use an umbrella.that24学习资料3.宾语从句的语序问题，用正常语序1.The photographs will show you _. A. what does our village look like B. what our village looks like C. how does our village look like D. how our village looks like 2.You can hardly imagine _when he heard th
22、e news. A. how he was excited B. how was he excited C. how excited he was D. he was how excited3.He asked_for a violin.（MET92） A. did I pay how much B. I paid how much C. how much did I pay D. how much I paid BCD25学习资料4.宾语从句的时态呼应宾语从句的时态呼应1）. 如果主句时态是现在时或将来时如果主句时态是现在时或将来时,从句谓语可根据句意需要而选从句谓语可根据句意需要而选用任一
23、种时态用任一种时态. a .他相信他的梦想总有一天会实现的他相信他的梦想总有一天会实现的. He believes _ . b .请告诉我你昨天这个时候在干什么请告诉我你昨天这个时候在干什么. Please tell me _.his dream will come true some daywhat you were doing at this time yesterday2）. He told me. I am preparing for the exam. He told me. I have left my hometown for many years. 3）.老师告诉我们地球是圆的
24、。老师告诉我们地球是圆的。 The teacher told us _.He told me he was preparing for the exam.He told me he had left his hometown for many years.the earth is round26学习资料主语从句与宾语从句练习主语从句与宾语从句练习1.It now appears _ they are in need of help. A. that B. which C. what D. how3.It _ he is late for class.A. may that B. might t
25、hatC. may be that D. might be what4._ knows the truth will tell you about it. A. Who that B. Whoever C. Whom that D. That who5.You must do well _ the teacher asks you to do. A. which B. what C. that D. where6. _ his dream of going to college will come true is uncertain. A. That B. Whether C. If D. E
26、ven if27学习资料 三表语从句三表语从句 表表语语从从句句在在复复合合句句中中作作表表语语的的名名词词性性从从句句，放放在在系系动动词词之之后后，一一般般结结构构是是“主主语语连连系系动动词词表表语语从从句句”。可可以以接接表表语语从从句句的的连连系系动动词词有有be, look, remain, seem等等。另另外外，常常用用的的还还有有the reason is that 和和It is because 等等结结构构。例如：例如：1) The question is _ we can make good preparation in such a short time.2) Thi
27、s is _ we cant get the support of the people.3) But the fact remains _ we are behind the other classes.4) The reason _ he is late for school is _ he missed the early bus. whether/howwhythatwhythat28学习资料 predictive clause引导表语从句的连词引导表语从句的连词: :thatwhether疑问词as if /as thoughbecausee.g.The trouble is tha
28、t I have lost my key.The question is whether we can do it. Thats because we were in need of money at that time .He looked as if he was going to cry .Thats why I was late .29学习资料3.虚拟语气在表语从句中的应用：虚拟语气在表语从句中的应用：如果句子的主语是如果句子的主语是suggestion,advice.order,demand, require, proposal, 等名词时等名词时,后面引导的表语从句用后面引导的表语
29、从句用should+动词原形动词原形,should可省略可省略.e.g. 他的建议是我们应该马上完成工作他的建议是我们应该马上完成工作. 1.The reason _ we didnt trust him is _ he has often lied如果主语为如果主语为reason,whythat表语从句连词只能用表语从句连词只能用thatHis suggestion is that we (should) finish the work at once.此规则同样适用于同位语从句30学习资料表语从句练习1.This is _ she was born. A. where B. which C
30、. that D. what2.The question is _ we cant go there today.A. that B. what C. which D. when3.The reason he has made such great progress is _ he has never wasted his time.A. because B. why C. that D. what4.My advice is that he _ school by bike. A. go to B. would go to C. goes to D. went to5._ she could
31、nt understand was _fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons.A.What; why B. That; what C. What; because D. Why; that31学习资料 四同位语从句四同位语从句1. 同位语从句的功能同位语从句的功能 同位语从句对于名词进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容，同位语从句对于名词进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容，修修饰饰名名词词fact, idea, news, order，suggestion,等等的的同同位位语语从从句句由由that 引导，不用引导，不用which,
32、that 不可省。不可省。 同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。32学习资料 oppositon clause引导同位语从句的连接词引导同位语从句的连接词: :that疑问词疑问词whether1. That 1. That 引导的同位语从句：引导的同位语从句：1)The news 1)The news that that I have passed the exam is true.I have passed the ex
33、am is true.2. Whether 2. Whether 引导的同位语从句：引导的同位语从句：1)The problem 1)The problem whetherwhether we should continue to do the we should continue to do the experiment has been solved.experiment has been solved.3. 3. 疑问词引导的同位语从句疑问词引导的同位语从句1 1）We havenWe haven t settled the questiont settled the question
34、where where we are going to we are going to spend our summer vacation. spend our summer vacation. 33学习资料1.The suggestion that he _ at the meeting was agreed to by most people.A.should put forward B. put forwardC.should look forward D.looked forward2.The suggestion that we _ to picnic on Sunday was a
35、greed to by most people.A went B.would go C.go D.were allowed to goBC4.虚拟语气在同位语从句中的应用：虚拟语气在同位语从句中的应用：名词名词demand, suggestion, proposal, advice 等词后的同位语从句的等词后的同位语从句的语气要用虚拟语气语气要用虚拟语气,结构为结构为 should + do, should 可省略可省略 34学习资料5. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别同位语从句与定语从句的区别(1) 定定语语从从句句中中的的that既既代代替替先先行行词词，同同时时在在从从句句中中作作某某个个成
36、成分分（主主语语或或宾宾语语），而而同同位位语语从从句句中中的的that是是连连词词，只只起连接主句与从句的作用，起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。不充当句中任何成分。(2) 定定语语从从句句是是形形容容词词性性的的，其其功功能能是是修修饰饰先先行行词词，对对先先行行词词加加以以限限定定，描描述述它它的的性性质质或或特特征征；同同位位语语从从句句是是名名词词性的，其功能是性的，其功能是对名词进行具体内容的补充说明对名词进行具体内容的补充说明。例如：。例如：1) The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year
37、.（他他告告诉诉我我的的消消息息是是汤汤姆姆明明年年将将出出国国。）（第第一一个个that引导的从句是定语从句，引导的从句是定语从句，that在从句中作宾语）在从句中作宾语）2)The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.（汤汤姆姆将将出出国国的的消消息息是是他他讲讲的的。）（同同位位语语从从句句，that在在句句中中不不作作任何成分）任何成分）35学习资料同位语：修饰名词的内容定语从句：对前面的名词进行修饰，限定。The news that our team had won came.同位语从句The news that/which he
38、 heard was true.定语从句36学习资料同位语从句定语从句that（连词）连词）只起连接的作用,不充当句子成分that(关系代词关系代词) 充当一定的句子成分(主，宾，表）同位语从句与前面的名词是同位关系，表示这个名词的内容定语从句对先行词起修饰作用，表示“的”。同位语从句的that 一般不能省而定语从句中的关系代词that，当其在从句中做宾语时，常常可以省略that在同位语从句与定语从句的区别区别区别区别37学习资料（I）试比较下面两个例句）试比较下面两个例句: 1.The suggestion that he raised at the meeting is very good
39、.2.The suggestion that the students should have plenty of exercise is very good.（that引导定语从句引导定语从句, 作宾语作宾语, 可以省略）可以省略） （that引引导导同同位位语语从从句句,在在从从句句中中不不担担当任何成分，但不可以省略）当任何成分，但不可以省略） 38学习资料辨别下列从句是定语从句还是同位语从句辨别下列从句是定语从句还是同位语从句1.We heard the news that our team had won.2.We must face the fact that we had spe
40、nt all our money.3. The news that he told me yesterday was false.4. I have no doubt that he will come soon. 同位语从句同位语从句同位语从句同位语从句定语从句定语从句同位语从同位语从句句39学习资料40学习资料 高考再现高考再现1. (NMET 1995) is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.A. There B. This C. That D. It2.(NMET 1996) we c
41、ant get seems better than we have.A. What,what B. What,that C. That,thatD. That,what3.(NMET 2001春春)I read about it in some book or other, does it matter it was?A.where B.what C.how D.which4.(NMET 1997)Its generally considered unwise to give a child he or she wants.A. however B.whatever C. whichever
42、D.wherever5.(NMET 1999) I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week. -Is that you had a few days off?A.why B.when C.what D.whereDADBA41学习资料6.(上海上海2002) Theres a feeling in me well never know what a UFO is-not ever.A.that B.which C. of which D.whatA42学习资料1.It is important that _ our education in all
43、 available ways. A. we must develop B. we shall develop C. we would develop D. we should develop2.It is necessary that _ by the end of the week. A. we got everything ready B. we have got everything ready C. We get everything ready D. we must get everything ready 3.It was natural that _. A. my pictur
44、es would surprise them B. my pictures surprised them C. my pictures should surprise them D. my pictures would have surprised them4.I wonder _. A. whether or not Ill catch the last bus B. if or not Ill catch the last bus C. that Ill catch the last bus or not D. that Ill catch the last bus43学习资料5.We a
45、ll thought _ a pity that we had missed the lesson. A. so B. such C. it D. that6.I took _ for granted （想当然）（想当然）that they were not coming. A. that B. this C. it D. so7.I heard _ said that he had great concern（关心）（关心） for his classmates. A. and B. that C. was D. it8.I wish I _ to the football match la
46、st night. A. went B. go C. should go D. had gone44学习资料1.We all know the truth _ the earth goes round the sun. A. that B. which C. what D. whether2.We heard the news _ our team had won. A. which B. that C. what D. where3.The problem _ it is right or wrong has not yet been decided. A. which B. that C.
47、 whether D. if4.Theres a feeling in me_well never know what a UFO is-not ever.A.that B.which C. of which D.what5.It remains a question _ we can get so much money in such a short time. A.how B. that C. when D. what45学习资料综合运用：综合运用：1.The earth is round, _ is known to everybody.as/which2. _ is known to
48、everybody, the earth is round.As3. _ the earth is round is known to everybody.That4. _ is known to everybody that the earth is round.It5. Everybody knows _ the earth is round.that6. _ surprised us very much that our teacher left without a word.It7. _ surprised us very much was that our teacher left
49、without a word.What 46学习资料1.what / thata._ he said at the meeting surprised us.b._ he spoke（发言）（发言） at the meeting surprised us.2. if / whether _you go or stay at home wont make any differences. 3. What a pity _is _you didnt arrive by daylight. A. there, because B. it, that C. he, when D. that, for4
50、.no matter how/who/what/where/when We are ready to do _ the country wants us to do. A. what B. which C. no matter what D. whatever WhatThatWhetherBD47学习资料翻译以下句子，并指出带下划线的从句属于名词性从句中的哪一种。1.What he wants is a book.2.It is so nice that we can learn this grammar point together.3.Im so glad that I can make
51、 friends with you.4.This is why he did it.5.Do you agree to the suggestion that we (should) have a trip in Tibet?6.That he wants a book is certain.7.I suggested just now we (should) take part in this activity.8.Whether you like him or not doesnt matter too much.9.He doesnt know whether you can sing
52、it well.10.The problem is whether you can sing it well.11.The problem whether it is right or wrong has not been decided.12.Please tell me who your monitor is. 主语从句主语从句主语从句主语从句宾语从句宾语从句宾语从句宾语从句表语从句表语从句同位语从句同位语从句48学习资料 1。that只只起起连连接接主主句句和和从从句句的的作作用用，在在从从句句中中不不担担任任任任何何成成分分， 本本身身也也没没有有词词义义，宾宾语语从从句句中中可省略可省略2。不充当介。不充当介宾宾3。 引引导导主主语语从从句句、表表语语从从句句和和同同位位语语从从句句,that不可省略。不可省略。49学习资料50学习资料
