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1、外研版外研版 高一年级高一年级 (必修必修1) Module 6Grammar 2Grammar 2The definite article and zero The definite article and zero article article 冠词的定义冠词的定义 冠词是置于名词之前、说明名词所表冠词是置于名词之前、说明名词所表示的人或事物的一种虚词。冠词也可以示的人或事物的一种虚词。冠词也可以说是名词的一种标志，它不能离开名词说是名词的一种标志，它不能离开名词而单独存在。而单独存在。冠词有三个冠词有三个: :即定冠词即定冠词(definite article)、不定冠词不定冠词(in
2、definite article)和零冠和零冠(zero article)。 不定冠词不定冠词有两个形式有两个形式, ,一个是一个是a, 另一个另一个是是an。a用在辅音用在辅音(指的是音标不是指指的是音标不是指字母字母)开头的词前开头的词前, an用在以元音开头用在以元音开头的词前。的词前。 a university, an umbrella, a European, an example, a one-act play, an hourMrs. Taylor has _ 8-year-old daughter who has _ gift for painting -she has won
3、 two national prizes.A. a; a B. an; theC. an; a D. the; a 泛指某一类人或事物的一个。泛指某一类人或事物的一个。 A boy is waiting for you. 表示某一类人或事物表示某一类人或事物, 相当于相当于any, A horse is an animal. 用于首次提到的人或物的单数名词前用于首次提到的人或物的单数名词前 面。面。An old cock is sitting in a tall tree. 用于描写自然现象的名词前，表示用于描写自然现象的名词前，表示“一一 阵阵”、“一场一场”、“一种一种”等。例如：等。例如
4、： snow- a snow 一场雪一场雪shower- a shower 一阵暴雨一阵暴雨 用在抽象名词之前表示具体介绍用在抽象名词之前表示具体介绍, ,是是 什么样的人，是什么样的事物。什么样的人，是什么样的事物。The little girl is a joy to her parents. He is a success. 和你一块共事很愉快。和你一块共事很愉快。It is a pleasure to work with you.He did me a great kindness.What a great surprise you gave me. 用于某些固定的词组。用于某些固定的
5、词组。 a lot of/ a lots 很多很多 a few 有些有些 a little 一些一些 a piece of 一张一张 to have a rest 休息一下休息一下 as a matter of face 事实上事实上 特指某个或某些人或事物特指某个或某些人或事物, 或指谈话或指谈话 双方都知道的人或事物双方都知道的人或事物, 或重复上文或重复上文 提到的人或事物。例如：提到的人或事物。例如：How do you like the film?There was a chair by the window. On the chair sat a young woman with
6、a baby in her arms. The baby is very fat. 指世界上独一无二的事物。指世界上独一无二的事物。The earth is biggest than the moon, but smaller than the sun. the sky; the universe; the atmosphere 用在单数可数名词之前用在单数可数名词之前, 表示某一类表示某一类 人或事物。如：人或事物。如：The lion is more fierce than the wolf.The compass was invented in ancient China. 常用在乐器的
7、名称之前。如：常用在乐器的名称之前。如： play the violin/piano 用在某些专有名词前：用在某些专有名词前：the Peoples Republic of China, the Great Wall, the White House; 在江河、山脉、海在江河、山脉、海洋、湖泊、群岛的名词之前：洋、湖泊、群岛的名词之前： the Changjiang River; the Yellow River; the Salt Lake 在姓氏的复数形式前加定冠词在姓氏的复数形式前加定冠词, 表示一表示一家人。家人。 the Smiths 史密斯一家人史密斯一家人 The Wangs l
8、ive in the next-door house. 在大多数专有名词、泛指的抽象名在大多数专有名词、泛指的抽象名 词和物质名词前：词和物质名词前： We love science. She is fond of music. 在星期、月份、季节或节假日等名在星期、月份、季节或节假日等名 词前：词前： National Day; New Years Day; Womens Day 在称呼语、表示头衔或职务的名词前在称呼语、表示头衔或职务的名词前 Whats wrong with you, Uncle? This is Comrade Yang, chairman of the Student
9、s Union.He reported this to Mr Black headmaster of the school. 在三餐饭和球类运动、棋类运动的名在三餐饭和球类运动、棋类运动的名词前：词前： I like rice for supper. Lets go and watch them play chess. 国名、人名前面，一般不加定冠词。国名、人名前面，一般不加定冠词。China, Japan, England, Mary, Henry等。等。但有的国名例外，如但有的国名例外，如: the United States, the Philippines, the Peoples R
10、epublic of China。 Finish activity 1 on students books. Because they are all uniquethere is only one of them.We usually use the definite article (the) with them. Why do you think this is necessary?The Internet/ the World Wide Web/ the head teacher/ the universethe world/ the sun/ the official languag
11、e/ the moon/ the president the capitalFinish activity 2. Continents: Asia, Europe, Oceania; America,AntarcticaCountries: China, Argentina, Australia, India, France (exceptions: The Netherlands, The Netherlands, The Lebanon)Cities: Beijing, London, New York, Sydney, Shanghai (exceptions: The Hague)Pl
12、ural and uncountable nouns in general statements: Snow is cold. Guns are dangerous.1.Is there (a/the) computer at your school?2.Do you have (a/the) lesson in the computer room?_Finish activity 3. Choose the correct article to complete each question.3. Can you access (an/the) Internet at school?4. Ha
13、ve you got (a/ the) phone at home?5. Have you got (a/the) computer at home? _1. Does _ headmaster know how to use a computer?2. Are_ computers important?3. Can you access _ Internet at school?the/theFinish activity 4. Complete the sentences with the definite article if necessary.4. You need _ softwa
14、re to use a computer?5. _ World Wide Web is full of _ websites./The/1. My neighbor asked me to go for _ walk, but I dont think Ive got _ energy. (辽宁辽宁2008) A. a; 不填不填B. the; the C. 不填；不填；the D. a; the2. Its not _ good idea to drive for four hours without _ break. (2008全国卷全国卷II) A. a; a B. the; a C.
15、the; the D. a; the3. We went right round to the west coast by _ sea instead of driving across _ continent. (江苏江苏2008) A. the; theB. 不填；不填；the C. the; 不填不填D. 不填；不填不填；不填4. _ apple fell from the tree and hit him on _ head.(浙江浙江2008) A. An; the B. The; the C. An; 不填不填 D. The; 不填不填5. I am so sorry to hav
16、e come late for the meeting. It is not your fault. With _ rush-hour traffic and _ heavy rain, it is no wonder you were late. (江西江西2008) A. a; a B. the; the C. 不填不填; 不填不填 D. 不填不填; a6. Have you heard _ news? The price of _petrol is going up again! (湖南湖南2008) A. the; the B. 不填不填; the C. the; 不填不填 D. 不填不填; 不填不填 7. Could you tell me the way to _ Johnsons, please? Sorry, we dont have _ Johnson here in the village. (2007 全全国卷国卷II) A. the; the B. the; a C. 不填不填; the D. the; 不填不填同学们来学校和回家的路上要注意安全同学们来学校和回家的路上要注意安全同学们来学校和回家的路上要注意安全同学们来学校和回家的路上要注意安全
