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1、 Unit 20Unit 20 Lesson 3Lesson 3 Scientific BreakthroughsScientific Breakthroughs1.Learn the new words of lesson 32.Reading3.Language points4.Vocabulary:Phrasal verbs5.Vocabulary:Compound words6.Exercises7.HomeworkTeaching processLearn the new wordsreadingDiscuss the majordiscoveries of the scientis
2、ts in the pictures:Itfollowedfromthespecialtheoryofrelativitythatmassandenergyarebothbutdifferentmanifestationsofthesamething-asomewhatunfamiliarconceptionfortheaveragemind.Furthermore,theequationEisequaltomc-squared,inwhichenergyisputequaltomass,multipliedbythesquareofthevelocityoflight,showedthatv
3、erysmallamountsofmassmaybeconvertedintoaverylargeamountofenergyandviceversa.Themassandenergywereinfactequivalent,accordingtotheformulamentionedabove.ThiswasdemonstratedbyCockcroftandWaltonin1932,experimentally.听爱因斯坦讲解质能方程听爱因斯坦讲解质能方程哈勃太空望远镜哈勃太空望远镜 哈勃望远镜长13.3米,直径4.3米,重11.6吨,造价近30亿美元,于1990年4月25日由美国航天飞机
4、送上高590千米的太空轨道。哈勃望远镜以时速2.8万千米沿寂静的太空轨道运行,默默地窥探着太空的秘密。哈勃望远镜是有史以来最大、最精确的天文望远镜。它上面的广角行星相机可拍摄到几十到上百个恒星照片,其清晰度是地面天文望远镜的10倍以上,其观测能力等于从华盛顿看到1.6万千米外悉尼的一只萤火虫哈勃太空望远镜经典图片哈勃太空望远镜经典图片侧视的星系侧视的星系太空太空“蚂蚁蚂蚁”太太空空中中的的宝宝石石猫猫眼眼星星云云惊恐的惊恐的“双眼双眼”完全曝光土星环完全曝光土星环星星系系之之心心棒旋星云棒旋星云公元1881公元1955青霉素的发明者亚历山大弗莱明于1881年出生在苏格兰的洛克菲尔德。弗莱明从伦
5、敦圣马利亚医院医科学校毕业后,从事免疫学研究;后来在第一次世界大战中作为一名军医,研究伤口感染。他注意到许多防腐剂对人体细胞的伤害甚于对细菌的伤害,他认识到需要某种有害于细菌而无害于人体细胞的物质。1928年弗莱明做出了他的伟大发现。在他的实验室里,有一个葡萄球菌培养基暴露在空气之中,受到了一种霉的污染。弗莱明注意到恰好在培养基中霉周围区域里的细菌消失了,他正确地断定这种霉在生产某种对葡萄球菌有害的物质。不久他就证明了这种物质能抑制许多其它有害细菌的生长。这种物质他根据其生产者霉的名称(青霉菌)将其命名为青霉素对人或动物都无毒作用弗莱明的结果发表于1929年,但是起初并未引起高度的重视。弗莱明
6、指出青霉素将会有重要的用途,但是他自己无法发明一种提纯青霉素的技术,致使这种灵丹妙药十几年一直未得以使用。终于在二十世纪三十年代末期,两位英国医学研究人员霍德华瓦尔特弗洛里和厄恩斯特鲍里斯钱恩偶然读到了弗莱明的文章。他俩重复了他的工作,证实了他的结果。然后他俩提纯青霉素,给实验室动物加以试用;1941年给病人试用。他俩的试验清楚地表明了这种新药具有惊人的效力。1946年,在美国宾夕法尼亚大学研制成功世界上第一台程序控制的电子计算机ENIAC。它被用于新式武器弹道问题中许多复杂的计算。ENIAC是一个庞然大物,由18000个电子管、1500多个继电器和其它配件构成,上地170平方米,重达30吨;
7、耗电150千瓦,每秒钟能运行5000次加法。这台计算机的使用条件也很苛刻,要求恒温、恒湿,为此还配备了一台30吨重的冷却设备。尽管如此,过去需要100多名工程师花费一年才能解决的问题,ENIAC只需两小时便能求出答案。 人类飞上天空的梦想在人类飞上天空的梦想在1903年由莱特兄弟首次实年由莱特兄弟首次实现,人类终于冲出了大地母亲的怀抱现,人类终于冲出了大地母亲的怀抱Language points1.think over v.1.think over v.仔细考虑仔细考虑, , 重新考虑重新考虑2.be aware of v.2.be aware of v.知道知道, , 意识到意识到eg: E
8、verybody is aware of the eg: Everybody is aware of the importance of study.importance of study.每个人都意识到了学习的重要性。每个人都意识到了学习的重要性。I was not aware of the fire.I was not aware of the fire. 我没有意识到火。我没有意识到火。3.such as adv.3.such as adv.例如例如.,.,象这种的象这种的, , 诸诸如如., ., 譬如说譬如说; ; 象象.那样的那样的; ; 如此如此.以致以致4.a piece of
9、 mass4.a piece of mass5.an amount of adj.5.an amount of adj.许多许多, , 相当数量相当数量的的; ; 一些一些6.theory of relativity6.theory of relativity7.for example7.for example8.at the speed of8.at the speed of以以.的速度的速度at a speed of eighty miles an hour at a speed of eighty miles an hour 以每小时以每小时8080英里的速度英里的速度at fullto
10、p speed at fulltop speed 用全速用全速, , 开足马开足马力尽力地力尽力地; ; 尽快地尽快地9.be about to v.9.be about to v.将要将要, , 正打算正打算eg: The chorus is about to sing.eg: The chorus is about to sing.合唱团就要开始唱了合唱团就要开始唱了 10.in fact10.in fact11.away from11.away from远离远离12.the further away galaxies are, 12.the further away galaxies a
11、re, the faster they move.the faster they move.The moreThe morethe morethe more. .13.go on holiday13.go on holiday正在休假正在休假 去休假去休假 e back e back v.回来回来, , 在记忆中重现在记忆中重现, , 复原复原, , 恢复恢复, , 反驳反驳15.throw15.throw away v. away v.扔掉扔掉, , 丢弃丢弃16.out of the ordinary16.out of the ordinary不平常的不平常的, , 非凡非凡的的, ,例外
12、的例外的17.a few years later17.a few years later18.look for18.look for19.so19.sothatthat20.turn on v.20.turn on v.开启开启, , 变得兴奋变得兴奋, , 突然装突然装出出, , 开始开始21.go out v.21.go out v.出去出去, , 熄灭熄灭, , 过时过时, , 罢工罢工, , 向往向往, , 辞职辞职, , 倒塌倒塌22.be interested in22.be interested in对对.感兴趣感兴趣23.at the time23.at the time当时当
13、时, , 在那个时候在那个时候24.make the first flight24.make the first flight25.make great contributions to25.make great contributions to贡贡献献VocabularyPhrasal verbsReadandthenmatchtheseverbswiththoseinboldinthetext.takeoverwalkedoutgetacrossgiveawaygetonfineistodowithmakesupforcameoutfigureoutgotalotoutofExercise
14、 7Thewoman(1)enjoyedthefilm,eventhoughtit(2)wasshownalongtimeago.Sheexplainsthatwhenitwasfirstshown,somepeoplecouldnt(3)understandwhatitwasaboutand(4)left.Inheropinion,thedirector(5)compensatesforthelackofplotbyusingvisualeffectsandusesmusicto(6)communicatethemoodofthefilm.Thewomantalksabouttheploto
15、fthefilmbutshedoesnot(7)tellustheending.Amongotherthings,thefilm(8)isaboutintelligentmachines.Inthestory,someastronautsandacomputer(9)haveagoodrelationship,butthenthecomputertriesto(10)takecontrol.take over take over walked outwalked out get across get across give awaygive away get on fine get on fi
16、ne is to do withis to do with makes up for makes up for came outcame out figure out figure out got a lot out ofgot a lot out oftakecontrolleftcommunicatetellushaveagoodrelationshipisaboutcompensatesforwasshownunderstandenjoyedExercise 8 complete the sentences with the phrasal verbs in exercise 7:1.W
17、emustthesimplefactthatdrugsaredangerous.2.IcouldntwhatIhaddonetoannoymyboss.3.Idontreallybelievethattheirconversationyesterdaywork.4.Itisreportedthatthemillionairehasdecidedtoallhismoneytocharities.5.Theteamwillbeanxioustoadisappointingstarttotheseason.Exercise 8 complete the sentences with the phra
18、sal verbs in exercise 7: 6.Itthatsomegovernmentofficialsreceivedpaymentsfromthecompany.7.Hisonlyreasonforinvestinginthecompanywastoit.8.Childrencanbeinginvolvedincommunityprojects.9.Furiousbynow,I,leavinghimsittingthereshockedandwhite-faced.10.HowIwishIcouldwithmycolleaguesinthecompany!VocabularyCom
19、pound wordsa)compound noun(noun+noun): CD player;jet engineb)compound noun(verb+prep.): breakthrough;outcomec)compound noun(adj.+noun): flying machine; nuclear bombd)compound verb: mass-produce;double-checke)compound adjective: one-year-old;world-famous; far-reachingExercise 5exercisesExercise 5 in
20、page 69Complete the sentences with these words:Answers:1.off2.up,over3.up4.out,outof5.out,out6.overExercise 6 in page 69Complete the compound words in these sentences:Answers:1.system,years2.check3.like4.produced5.breaking6.consuming,through,intelligence7.born,year-old8.-hand,processingHomework: Exercise 2 in page 70 Exercise 2 in page 70Thanks for your attendance同学们来学校和回家的路上要注意安全同学们来学校和回家的路上要注意安全