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1、 GrammarThe Passive Voice1语态语态(voice)是个语法范畴，它是一种动词形式是个语法范畴，它是一种动词形式，表示动词的主语与该动词所表示的动作之间，表示动词的主语与该动词所表示的动作之间的主动和被动关系。当主语是动作的执行者时，的主动和被动关系。当主语是动作的执行者时，动词用主动语态（动词用主动语态（Active Voice）；如果主语）；如果主语是动作的承受者，动词便用被动语态是动作的承受者，动词便用被动语态（Passive Voice）。）。 We cleaned the classroom yesterday.昨天我们打扫了教室。昨天我们打扫了教室。The c
2、lassroom was cleaned by us yesterday. 昨天教室被我们打扫了。昨天教室被我们打扫了。一、被动语态的定义：2二、被动语态的一般结构：即：be+done(+by)“be+及物动词的过去分词及物动词的过去分词”Hamlet was written by Shakespeare. 哈姆雷特哈姆雷特是莎士比亚写的。是莎士比亚写的。The task has been finished. 任务已经完成了。任务已经完成了。3We speak English.主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语English is spoken by us.主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语主动语态主动语态被动语
3、态被动语态4一般现在时：一般现在时： am / is / are done一般过去时：一般过去时： was / were done现在进行时：现在进行时： am / is / are being done过去进行时：过去进行时： was / were being done现在完成时：现在完成时： have / has been done过去完成时：过去完成时： had been done一般将来时：一般将来时： shall / will be done ; be going to be done当句中含有情态动词时，句子结构为当句中含有情态动词时，句子结构为 can / must / have
4、 tobe doneHe is regarded as a brilliant scientist. 他被认为是一位才华横溢的科学家。他被认为是一位才华横溢的科学家。This book was written in 1969. 这本书是这本书是1969年写成的。年写成的。The broken bike is being repaired now. 那辆坏了的自行车正在被修理。那辆坏了的自行车正在被修理。He told us the cat was being washed when we called him. 他告诉我们打电话时他正在给猫洗澡。他告诉我们打电话时他正在给猫洗澡。The pen
5、 has been used for several years. 这支钢笔已经用了几年。这支钢笔已经用了几年。He said the factory had been opened . 他说这家工厂已经开张。他说这家工厂已经开张。The work will be finished in three hours. 工作将于三小时后完成。工作将于三小时后完成。The baby must be looked after well. 这孩子必须被好好照顾。这孩子必须被好好照顾。三、各种时态的被动语态：5People speak English almost all over the world. 世
6、界各地都有人讲英语。世界各地都有人讲英语。 English is spoken almost all over the world.1 1含有单宾语的句子转换：含有单宾语的句子转换：四、四、 主动变被动中的几个问题：主动变被动中的几个问题：62.含有双宾语的句子转换含有双宾语的句子转换,多将间接宾语改多将间接宾语改为主语。为主语。I gave the book to Mr. Smith yesterday. 昨天我给了史密斯先生一本书。昨天我给了史密斯先生一本书。The book was given to Mr. Smith yesterday ( by me).Mr. Smith was g
7、iven a book yesterday (by me).My mother will buy me a coat next week.变为被动语态变为被动语态1. A coat will be bought for me next week (by my mother).2. I will be bought a coat next week (by my mother).73.当动词后有复合宾语，变被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语即可，其它不变。lThebossfoundacooksmokinginthekitchen.lAcookwasfoundsmokinginthekitch
8、en.l4.“getdone”也可表示被动语态，此结构比较口语化。lThepatientgottreatedonceaweek.lShegotmarriedlastweek.8People believe that he is an honest boy. 大家认为他大家认为他是个诚实的孩子。是个诚实的孩子。 It is believed that he is an honest boy.The boy is believed to be an honest one.方法方法1) 把宾语从句里的主语变成被动句的主语，同把宾语从句里的主语变成被动句的主语，同时把宾语从句中的时把宾语从句中的谓语变
9、成不定式短语谓语变成不定式短语。方法方法2) 用先行的用先行的it作形式主语作形式主语，把宾语从句变成后，把宾语从句变成后置的主语从句；置的主语从句；5.5.当主动句的宾语是当主动句的宾语是thatthat引导的宾语从引导的宾语从 句，可转换为两种形式的被动句。句，可转换为两种形式的被动句。练习：Weallthinkthatwecouldwinthegame.wearethoughttowinthegame.Itisthoughtthatwecouldwinthegame.9以上即是汉语中含有以上即是汉语中含有“据说据说”、“据悉据悉”、“据报道据报道” 、“有人说有人说”、“大家大家说说”等
10、句式。等句式。It is said that one day he climbed to the top of a house.It is reported that her mother died of SARS.众所周知众所周知 It is well known that据推测说据推测说 It is supposed that106. 6. 含有动词短语的句子转换。含有动词短语的句子转换。They have never listened to him. 他们从不听他的话。他们从不听他的话。He has never been listened to.练习：Theytakegoodcareof
11、thebaby.Thebabyistakengoodcareofbythem.注意：含动词词组的被动语态，须将其看作一 个整体，不可把它们分隔开来,不要丢漏动词短语中的副词或介词。11He made me do the work.I was made to do the work by him.6.主动句中动词不带to,但在被动句中带to的几种情况：练习：Weheardhimsaygood-byetohisfriends.Hewasheardtosaygood-byetohisfriends.注意：make, let, have/feel, hear, see, watch等词等词在主动句中动
12、词不带在主动句中动词不带to, 但在被动句中要带但在被动句中要带to12五、主动形式也可以表示被动意义的几种情况：五、主动形式也可以表示被动意义的几种情况： 1、主语是物，谓语是表示主语、主语是物，谓语是表示主语特征或属性特征或属性的不及物动词。常见的这类动词有的不及物动词。常见的这类动词有write, read, wear, wash, clean, sell, run等等。这些动词常。这些动词常与副词与副词smoothly,easily, well,badly等连用。等连用。例如：例如： The machine runs well. This pen writes quite smooth
13、ly. This kind of book sells well. 132、表示主语状态特征的、表示主语状态特征的连系动词连系动词：look, feel, smell, taste, sound, prove, appear等。等。例如：例如： Do you like the material? Yes, it _(feel) very soft. Your idea sounds reasonable. What he said proved to be correct. 143.不及物动词和某些短语。happen,last,begin,stop,open,takeplace,breakou
14、t,comeabout,belongto,runout等.(1)World war broke out in 1937.(2)The shop opens at 6 am every day.4.在在need ,want,require,deserve等词后用动等词后用动名词的主动形式表示被动含义，也可用不名词的主动形式表示被动含义，也可用不定式的被动形式。定式的被动形式。The matter wants looking into.The matter wants to be looked into.155. be worth 后接动名词的主动式表示被动意义。后接动名词的主动式表示被动意义。但
15、可用但可用be worthy to be done或或 be worthy of being done1.His suggestion is not worth considering. 2.The film is well worth seeing. 3.The film is worthy to be seen/ of being seen.166.不定式在difficult,easy,hard,safe,good,fit,light等形容词之后作状语，且和句子主语有逻辑上的动宾关系时，用主动式表被动义。Thebookiseasytounderstand.Themorningairisfr
16、eshtobreathe.Thegirliseasytogetalongwith.7.不定式作后置定语，与被修饰的名词构成动宾关系，又和该句主语或宾语构成主谓关系，用主动式表被动义。Shehassomethingtosay.Iwillgivehimsomethingtodrink.178.某些作表语用的不定式，强调出租，责备，解雇等，此类常用的动词有let,hire,blame等。lAmItoblame?我该受罚吗?lThehouseistolet.这房屋出租。9.非谓语动词的被动情况。Thehousetobebuiltnextyearisourlab.Thehousebeingbuiltno
17、wisourlab.Thehousebuiltlastyearisourlab.beingdone/tobedone/donehavingbeendonetohavebeendone18高考直击：1.Anexhibitionofpaintings_(hold)atthemuseumnextweek2.Everypossiblemeans_(try),butnone_(prove)successful3.Thequestionheaskedishard_(answer)4.Bytheendoflastyear,anothernewgymnasium_(complete)inBeijing.5Mo
18、rethanadozenstudentsinthatschool(send)abroadtostudymedicinelastyear.6.Sarah,hurryup.Imafraidyouwouldnthavetimeto(change)beforetheparty. 练习练习is to be heldhas been tried provesto answerhad been completedwere sentget changed197.Rainforests(cut)andburnedatsuchaspeedthattheywilldisappearfromtheearthinthe
19、future.8.Ifeelitisyourhusbandwho_(blame)forthespoiledchild.9.Greatchanges_(takeplace)inthecity,andalotoffactories_(setup)inthepastfewyears.10.Thefootballmatch_(hold)inourschoolnextweek. are being cutis to blamehave taken placehave been set upis going to be held20II. 下列句子均有一处错误，请改正。下列句子均有一处错误，请改正。1.
20、Dont worry! You will not be laughed for that. 2. The film is so interesting that it will watch again and again. 3. I promise this matter will be take care of. laughed后加后加atwatchbe watchedtaketaken 214. The man who gives orders is in the charge of the army.5. He is lucky enough to be admitted to a vo
21、lunteer of the coming Olympic Games.toas去掉第二个去掉第二个the22实战应用：Welcometoourschool.Idliketointroduceyoutheplansforourschool.Alotofwork_(do)inthepastfewyears.Thelibrary_(complete)andisreadyforuse.Butwestillhavetodomorework.Anewbiologylab_(build)thisyear.Butwedonothaveenoughmoneyfortheequipment.Studentsin
22、allgrades_(collect)money.Aparty_(plan)fortheendofthisterm.Themoneywhichiscollected_(spend)onnewequipment.Atpresent,plans_(make)forapartyattheendofthesummerterm.Thegardensoftheschool_(improve)thisyear.Newtrees_(plant)whichwillsoongiveshadeinsummer.Thewholeschool_(paint)duringtheholidays.Infact,shewillbemorebeautifulandgoodforustostudy.has been donehas been completedis being builtare collectingis being plannedwill be spentare being madeare being improvedare being plantedis going to be painted23Thank you for your attention! 24Thank you!25
