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1、第14章三维动画表现制作卡通动画本章导读：在动画电影领域，三维动画凭借着真实的效果和更高的工作效率已经逐渐取代了传统的手绘动画。3ds Max的开发目的就是为了制作三维动画。在本例中我们就利用3ds Max强大的动画制作功能制作一段具有动感的动画短片。1Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Cli
2、ent Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.14.1.1 三维动画的概念传统动画的制作方法是绘制大量的平面图片，通过连续播放图片形成动态的视觉效果。三维动画则使用关键帧用来描述对象的位移情况、变形变换等信息，只要设置好起始和终止两个关键帧，以及中间的运作方式，关键帧之间的所有动作就会由3ds Max自动生成。三维动画具有能够创建现实世界中不存在的场景、不受天气气候影响、拟真程度高、制作效率高等特点。2Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Pr
3、ofile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.14.1.2 三维动画的要素脚本对象就像制作影片要先创作剧本一样，制作三维动画前先要创作动画的脚本。脚本不但包括动画要讲述的故事，也要记录角色对话、场景切换、时间分割等内容。在三维动画的概念中，对象的定义比较宽泛。动画中要表现的各种角色，城市、街道等环境道具，灯光、摄影机等
4、照明和构图工具都可以被称为对象。在创建对象的过程中需要完成创建各种模型，为模型编辑材质和贴图，进行环境与重点照明等工作。3Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.运动合成有了对象后就需
5、要为对象创建各种动作。不但包括角色的动作、物体的空间运动，还包括颜色、透明度、形状、大小等属性的变化，速度与节奏感的变化，以及光效、大气效果、粒子效果等特效。合成阶段主要通过视频编辑软件完成，在视频编辑软件中需要将完成动画的各片段进行连接、排序、剪辑等后期处理。然后为动画配音、并且制作各种音效。4Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.S
6、lides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.14.2 制作前的分析在本章中我们将利用粒子流功能制作导弹跟踪飞碟运动，并且爆炸的动画。本例中我们还会利用扫描线渲染器配合Inkn Paint材质表现卡通的动画风格。5Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created w
7、ith Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.14.3 制作模型制作地面模型l创建一个“分段”参数较高的平面。l为模型添加“置换”修改器。l为置换修改器指定“烟雾”贴图。l在材质编辑器中调整烟雾贴图的参数。6Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.
8、Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.制作天空模型l创建一个半球模型。l调整半球模型的尺寸和位置。7Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 C
9、lient Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.创建飞碟模型l创建飞碟轮廓样条。l为样条线添加“车削”修改器。l使用“编辑多边形”修改器进一步的编辑模型。8Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.
10、0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.制作导弹模型l创建扩展基本体中的“胶囊”模型。l通过“编辑多边形”修改器编辑模型。9Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose
11、 Pty Ltd.制作路径样条l创建一条样条线作为路径。l调整样条线的位置和形状。10Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.14.4 编辑材质11Evaluation only.Cr
12、eated with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.编辑导弹材质l复制一个卡通材质。l将材质重新命名后赋予“导弹”模型。l修改材质的“亮区”颜色。12Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slide
13、s for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.编辑地面材质l复制一个卡通材质，重新命名后赋予“地面”模型。l为“亮区”通道赋予“地面”贴图。l修改贴图的坐标和输出量参数。13Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .N
14、ET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.编辑天空材质l选择一个标准材质赋予“天空”模型。l为“漫反射颜色”和“自发光”通道赋予“天空”贴图。l设置贴图的坐标参数。14Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Cl
15、ient Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.编辑爆炸材质l选择一个空白示例球。l为“漫反射颜色” 和“自发光”通道赋予“渐变坡度”贴图类型。l为“不透明度”通道赋予“遮罩”贴图类型。15Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Cli
16、ent Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.编辑爆炸材质l为遮罩贴图的“贴图”通道赋予“渐变”贴图。l为渐变贴图的“颜色#2”通道赋予“渐变”贴图。l为遮罩贴图的“遮罩”通道赋予“粒子年龄”贴图。16Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3
17、.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.编辑烟雾材质l选择一个空白示例球。l为“漫反射颜色” 通道赋予“渐变坡度”贴图类型。l为“不透明度”通道赋予“渐变坡度”贴图类型。17Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Cl
18、ient Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.14.5.1 照明场景18Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Eva
19、luation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.14.5.2 路径与摄影机动画路径动画l为飞碟模型添加“路径约束”控制器。l拾取场景中的路径样条线。l设置路径约束控制器的参数。19Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluatio
20、n only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.摄影机动画l在场景中创建摄影机。l为摄影机的目标点添加“噪波位置”控制器。l设置噪波位置控制器的参数。20Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with
21、 Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.14.6.1 创建粒子流l在场景中创建粒子流图标。l设置发射粒子的数量。l设置粒子的发射速度。l设置粒子的角度。l设置粒子的形状为导弹。21Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with A
22、spose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.14.6.2 制作跟踪效果l添加Find Target测试。l设置Find Target测试的参数使导弹跟踪飞碟。22Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides
23、for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.14.6.3 制作爆炸效果l创建一个新事件。l将新建的事件与Find Target测试链接。l使用Spawn测试制作爆炸效果。l使用Material Dynamic动作应用材质。23Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created
24、with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.14.6.4 制作尾迹效果l在PF Source事件中创建Spawn测试。l创建一个新事件。l将新建的事件与Spawn测试链接。l使用Material Dynamic动作应用材质。24Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Eval
25、uation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.14.7.1 创建运动模糊l在PF Source001事件上单击鼠标右键，执行“属性”命令。l勾选 “图像”单选项。设置“倍增”参数为2。l选中飞碟模型。执行“编辑”菜单中的“对象属性”命令。l勾选“图像”单选项，设置“倍增”参数为2。25Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile
26、 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.14.7.2 添加后期效果l打开“环境和效果”对话框。l添加“亮度和对比度”效果。l设置效果的参数。26Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2
27、004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.l添加“色彩平衡”效果。l设置效果的参数。27Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created w
28、ith Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.l添加“胶片颗粒”效果。l设置效果的参数。28Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2
29、.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.14.8 实例总结本例中我们主要使用的是卡通材质与粒子流功能。卡通材质只能配合扫描线渲染器使用，只有在透视图或摄影机视图中才能被正确渲染。粒子流的功能强大，图形化的编辑界面便于操作，适合创建复杂的粒子动画。29Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.
