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1、1 / 19主旨大意题1.主旨大意题简介主旨大意题的考察目的是要求考生把握文章的主题、主要思想、 核心观点。 它也属于拉分题型, 这类题目主要是考查对作者意图或文章意图的理解,写一篇文章或者陈述一个事实,或者解释一个问题,或者论证一个道理,这种“ 陈述 ”“解释 ”“论证 ” 就是作者的意图,在阅读理解中,作者意图和文章意图是统一的、一致的、不可分割的。选择 “ 主题 ” 旨在考查考生是否掌握了所读文章的主要内容或主旨,通常用词、 短语或句子来概括2.题型特征A主旨大意题可分成主题型,标题型和目的型,主题型一目了然就是找中心(Main idea);标题型是为文章材料选择标题(Title);目的
2、就是推断作者的写作意图(Purpose),这类题常见的命题方式有:.考查文章的中心思想The main idea/key point of this passage is that_. The passage is mainly about _. From the passage we can learn/conclude that_. Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage? What is the main idea (subject) of this passage? Th
3、e main point of the passage is .考查文章标题的选择The best title/headline for this passage is_. What would be the best title for the text? The title that best expresses the ideas of this passage is _. Which of the following is the best title for the passage? 我要赶快学阅读理解之主旨大意题2 / 19.考查作者的写作态度和意图What is the auth
4、ors main purpose in this passage? The writers purpose in writing this story is _. In the passage the author wants to tell_. The writer s attitude toward . is _. The purpose of the writer in writing this passageThis story mainly tell us about3.完成题目的思路和技巧:(1)分清主次,抓住主干,找出主题句。主题句是归纳表达文章中心思想的句子,它的出现有四种情况
5、: 1) 主题句在开头?主题句出现在段落或文章的开头部分,起着开宗明义?点明主题的作用 ,它可以使读者一开始就明白文章所讲的内容主旨?2)主题句在结尾?用归纳法写的文章,其结构是表述细节的句子放在前面,概述性的句子放在后面,并以此而结尾 ,所以结尾的句子起着总结归纳?画龙点睛的作用,多伴有so thereforethus in short as a resultthat is why 等词。3)考生可以快速浏览每段首尾两句来确定每段的主题句,从而确定文章的主题句。4)值得注意的是:有些文章和段落无明显的主题句,只是暗示性地体现主题?这就要求考生在阅读过程中,根据文章中所叙述的事实或提供的线索来
6、概括和总结文章的大意?(2)理清层次关系,,选出最佳标题标题是文章中心思想的精练表达,多为一个名词词组, 短小明了 ,涵盖性强 ?做这类题目时 ,要在阅读全文的基础上 ,把握好层次关系。注意选项的归纳范围要恰如其分,干扰项往往是局部信息,是某一小节或文章里的某一句。所以我们在解题时要反复推敲,把概括范围过窄或过宽的选项过滤掉。(3)抓住关键词,判断作者意图作者在描述事实或传递信息时,不管他的意图是什么,其观点和态度都不可避免地在文章中反映出来?这就要求考生在阅读时应特别注意文章的措辞,尤其注意那些表达感情色彩的形容词,以及作者对人物语言?行为和思想的描写,从中领悟作者的写作意图和态度?(4)小
7、结:总之,主旨大意类题虽然综合性强,对考生的能力要求较高,但只要我们掌握了一定的解题技巧,在读懂读透文章的基础上,仔细对比四个备选项之间的内涵与外延之间的差异,定能准确地找出正确答案。3 / 194. main idea 真题训练Exercise 1 阅读理解(1 10=10 分)( 2007 年大联盟)A The summer vacation is over. It s true that time always flies fast. During the vacation, the weather was hot and I could not do much work, but I
8、lived happily. As the afternoon was hot, I did my work in the morning. I used to get up at 6:30 and take a walk in the garden for half an hour. After breakfast, I began reading English and Chinese and did some exercises in maths. Those took me there hours or more. I worked quite hard and made good p
9、rogress. I spent the afternoon outside. I went to swim and it was funny. I would not go home until it was about five or six o clock. Sometimes a friend of mine would come to see me and we would spend some hours listening to music. In this way I spent my vacation happily. And I not only studied well
10、but also became a good swimmer. How I am in good health and high spirits. 1. What does the passage mainly tell us? It mainly tells us _. A. how the writer spent his summer holidays B. what the writer spent was like in that summer C. when the writer got up in the morning D. where the writer took a wa
11、lk 2. The writer had very good summer holidays because he _. A. worked very hard and made good progress B. learned to swim and did his work well C. got up early and went home late D. liked swimming better than studying 3.Which of the following is not true? A. The writer made progress in his lessons.
12、 4 / 19B. The writer took a walk for half an hour before breakfast. C. The writer began studying as soon as he got up. D. The writer spent more time swimming than listening to music. Keys: ABC Exercise 2 阅读理解:根据短文内容选择正确答案。(2011 年大联盟)( A)Driver Wanted Drive for busy restaurant some evening and weeken
13、d work All meals are free Ring 33335678 House for Sale ¥150, 000, built in 1995 The house with 3 bedrooms, a bathroom, a living room, a kitchen and a breakfast room. It s on the south side of the city Yingbin Supermarket, the biggest shopping centre in our city will open on July 8, 2005. Everybody w
14、ith today s Tianjin Daily will get a small present that day. You are welcome. Tel: 27984321 Add: No.6 Huanghe Road tianjin Daily June 1, 2005 Rose s Special ConcertTime: 2 p.m., July 3, Saturday Place: People s StatiumTicket Price: RMB: 150 yuan for adults; 70 yuan for students June 25, 2005 ( ) 1.
15、If you work as a driver in the restaurant, you may _. A. pay for meals B. pay a little for meals C. work on weekends D. work in the afternoon ( ) 2. If you buy the house, you _. A. may pay more than ¥ 150, 000 for it B. must have breakfast in the kitchen C. have to take a bath in the public bathroom
16、 5 / 19D. may live on the south side of the city ( )3. Any customer with a Tianjin Daily of June 1, 2005 will get a small present from _. A. every supermarket B. Huanghe Road C. Tianjin Daily D. Yingbin Supermarket ( ) 4. When will the concert be? A. Julu1, 2005 B. June 8, 2005 C. July 3, 2005 D. Ju
17、ne 25, 2005 ( )5. If two adults and two students want to go to the concert, the tickets will cost RMB_. A. 220 Yuan B. 440 Yuan C. 270 Yuan D. 370 Yuan Keys: CADCB Exercise 3 ( 2011年大联盟)( B)Most English people have three names: a first name, a middle name and the family name. Their family name comes
18、 last. For example, my full name is Jim Allan Green. Green is my family name .My parents gave me both of my other names. People don t use their middle names very much. So “ John Henry Brown” is usually called “ John Brown ” . People never use Mr., Mrs. or Miss before their first names. So you can sa
19、y John Brown, or Mr. Brown; but you should never say Mr. John. They use Mr., Mrs. or Miss with the family name but never with the first name. Sometimes people ask me about my name. “ When you were born, why did your parents call you Jim?” they ask.” Why did they choose that name?” The answer is they
20、 didn t call Jim. They called me James. James was the name of my grandfather. In England, people usually call me Jim for short. That s because it is shorter and easier than James. ( ) 6.Most English people have_ names. A. one B. two C. three D. four ( ) 7. _ is Jims family name.A. Jim B. Green C. Al
21、lan D. James ( ) 8. English people use Mr. , Mrs. or Miss with _ . A. the family name B. the first name 6 / 19C. The middle name D. the first name and the middle name ( ) 9. The teachers name is Mary Joan Shute. Her students call her _.A. miss Mary B. Miss Joan C. Miss Mary Joan D. Miss Shute ( ) 10
22、. People usually call the writer Jim instead of James because _. A. It s the name of his grandfatherB. It s easier for people call himC. It s the name that his parents chose for himD. It s more difficult than James Keys: CBADB Exercise 4 根据下列资料,选出正确的答案。(10 分)( 2012 年大联盟)Classified Advertisements If
23、you need our service ,please call 5161982. For RentExcellent Room for girls .single , 180 a month .Call 5160594. Family Home ,3bedrooms,large.Call 3125766. Youth paradise ,room for boys , 100 per person. Call 8830553 For Sale Coat for man ,size 42,1year old, 85,after 6pm,call 8830553. Color TV , siz
24、e 21,150; Mp3 player, 45; Recorder,25.call 6963749. Help Wanted If you can find a few hours during the day to look after 2 school age children, please call 3133694. A magazine needs a reporter .He or she should be good at writing in Chinese. Experience needed. call 5201314. 7 / 19LostA yellow bag wi
25、th a mobile phone and some books was left behind the library .Will the finder come to Class 1 ,Grade3? Found A black jacket was found on the playground yesterday afternoon (June 21 ).Will the owner please ring 3655488? ()1.If you want to make an advertisement, which number will you call? A.5160594 B
26、.3655488 C.5161982 D.3133694 ( ) 2.Mary wants a room for herself, which room should she choose? A.Family B.Double C.Single D.Youth Paradise ( ) 3.The title“ Classified Advertisements” probably means A advertisements only for students to read B .advertisements giving us useful information C. advertis
27、ements that are very important D. advertisements divided into different groups ( ) 4.If you want to find a part-time job, you will read A.Help Wanted B.For Sale C.For Rent D.Lost ( ) 5.If a person has 115,he can buy A.TV and recorder B. coat and recorder C. coat and Mp3 player D.TV and Mp3 player Ke
28、y: CCDAB Exercise5 ( 2012 年大联盟)C)读短文,选择问题的正确答案。(10 分)Near the North Pole there are only two seasons: winter and summer. The winter Nights are long. For more than two months you can t see sun, ever at noon. Thesummer days are long. For more than two months the never sets and there is no night at all.
29、 The weather is cold all the year round. Even summer the temperature is below 0C. So people there make their clothing with the fur of animals. 8 / 19In the cold climate, plants cannot grow. So people have to build their houses with fur, earth, shone or snow. when they go out hunting, they live in th
30、e tents of the fur. when they move, they take their tents with them. Sometimes, they build houses of snow. Now don t think that these houses must be cold, it is very warm and safe. The life near the North Polo is very interesting. ()1.There are only near the North Pole. A. spring and summer B. summe
31、r and autumn C. summer and winter D. winter ()2.The days the sun never set can last A. more than a month B. more than two months C. more than a year D. more than four months ()3.The people near the North Pole wear warm clothes A. all the year B. in winter C. in summer D. only at night ()4.Near the n
32、orth Pole you can t seeA. animals B. stone house C. plants D. snow ()5.near the North Pole, the houses of the snow are to live in. A. warm and safe B. very cold inside C. Dangerous D. Dark and cold Keys: CBACA Example 1 If you go into the forest with friends, stay with them. If you don t, you may ge
33、t lost. If you get lost, this is what you should do. Sit down and stay where you are. Don t try to find your friendslet them find you. You can help them find you by staying in one place. There is another way to help your friends or other people to find you. You can shout or whistle(吹口哨) three times.
34、 Stop. Then shout or whistle three times again. Any signal (信号)given three times is a call for help. Keep up shouting or whistling. Always three times together. When people hear you, they will know that you are not just making a noise for fun. They will let you know that they have 9 / 19heard your s
35、ignal. They will give you two shouts or two whistles. When a signal is given twice, it is an answer to a call for help. If you don t think that you will get help before night comes, try to make a little house with branches (树枝) .Make yourself a bed with leaves and grass. When you need some water, yo
36、u have to leave your little branch house to look for it. Don t just walk away. Pick off small branches and drop them as you walk in order to go back again easily. When you are lost, the most important thing to do is to stay in one place. The article tells you _. A. what you should do if you are lost
37、 in the forest B. what you should do if you want to get some water from a stream C. how to spend the night in the forest D. how to find food and clothes in the forest Key A Exercise 1 Mrs., Miss and Ms. Almost everyone knows the meanings of Mr., Mrs., Miss. and Ms. Mr. is used before the names of me
38、n.Mrs.is for married women and Miss is for single women. But what is Ms. for? For some time, businessmen in the United States have used Ms. before a woman s name when they do not know whether the woman is married or not. Today, however, many women prefer to use Ms. rather than Mrs. or Miss. The word
39、 Mr. does not tell us whether or not a man is married. Many women think this an advantage for men. They want to be equal to men in this way. These women feel that it is not important for people to know whether they are married or not. There are some problems with Ms., however. Not all women like it
40、.Some like the older ways of doing things. Some find it difficult to pronounce. Generally, young women like it better than older women do. It is difficult to know whether or not Ms. will be used by more American women in the future. What do you think of this change? It mainly talks about_ A. woman w
41、ho is married should use Mrs. before her name B. the word Mr. does not tell us whether or not a man is married C. women have different opinions on using the word Ms. 10 / 19D. most women want to use Ms. before her name Key C Exercise 2 Cell phone are all around us .We use cell phones to call our fri
42、end, send text messages, play games, and even take photographs. Now imagine using your cell phone to call your air conditioner. If this were possible you could tell your air conditioner to turn on before you got home. Does this sound impossible to you? Well, it could become possible sooner than you
43、think .In the near future, we might use cell phones as remote controls for the electrical devices in our homes. People are already working to develop different ways to communicate wirelesslywith devices we use every day. For example, it is already possible for cell phones to communicate with laptop
44、computers. Business people using laptops during meetings can use their cell phones as remote controls. They can use their cell phones to send instructions to computers to turn on, change pictures, and turn off. With the same technology, people can use their cell phones to control other devices. You
45、can call your stereo to play music automatically. You can call your lights to turn on when you enter a room. Maybe even by next summer you will be able to call your air conditioner! What is the main idea of this passage? A. In the future we will all need air conditioners B. Business people need to u
46、se computers C. Some people like to make phone calls to machines D. We will use cell phones as remote controls in the future. Key D 5. best title Example 1 Everyone wants the best for the baby. A mother wants her baby to have the best in the way of food, toys, clothing and equipment. Her value judgm
47、ents on prices may go wrong when it comes to buying for a baby, particularly the first one. Factory producers and advertisers (广告商) recognize this, and exploit it to the full. Far more is spent in, push-chairs, and special powders for the small babies than is necessary. The child himself watches tel
48、evision, a particularly strong influence(影响 )on small children. Looking at them as they watch television, and then watching them react to products afterwards, suggests that young children 11 / 19accept the television advertisements as well as the guidance offered by children s programs. And find bot
49、h equally attractive. The child comes early in life to the feeling widespread in this country that if something is said on television it must be true. For this reason much Christmas gift advertising, and advertising for sweets food and washing powders is specially designed for children because of th
50、e effect their repeated nagging can have on their mothers. By exercising in this way they become consumers(消费者)at an early age and as a result, with present-day pressures, choosing and buying goods and services will remain an important part of their future lives. The best title for the text could be
51、_ A. Mothers and babies B. Children as consumers C. Giving the best to babies D. Choosing goods for children Key B Example 2 Sally was a studentIt was going to be her mother s birthdayShe wanted to buy her a present that would be nice and useful but not expensive A week before her mother s birthday,
52、 she went shopping after a quick and simple lunchWhen she looked for half an hour,she found a shop that was selling cheap umbrellas,and she decided to take a black one, since her mother had lost hers the month before. She thought, “You could carry that when you are wearing clothes of any color” So s
53、he decided to buy a lovely black umbrella and took it to school with her until her class had finished . On her way back home in the train that evening she felt hungry because she had a small lunch that she went along to the buffet car for another sandwich and a cup of coffee.so little for lunchShe h
54、ad left the black umbrella above her seat in the compartmentBut when she got back,it had gone! When she had left the compartment, there had no other passengers in it, but now there were there. Sally began to cry when she saw that the umbrella was no longer there The other passengers felt very sorry
55、for her and asked what the matter was She told them the black umbrella she bought for her mother was gone , and she had to get off at the next station After the three other passengers heard it ,they asked her for her mothers address so that they could send the umbrella to her if someone took it by m
56、istake and brought it back after Sally had got out of the train. The next week, Sally got a letter from her mother It said,“ Thank you very much for your lovely gifts,but why did you send me three black umbrellas? ”12 / 19The best name of the story is_. A. A Lucky Girl B. The Missing C. Mother s Pre
57、sent D. A Happy Mother Key C Exercise 1 Driving cars ,trucks and motorcycles is an important part in our lives We do it every day to get to friends housesDriving can be very convenient ,but can also cause many problems Waiting in line at a red light, a driver may get impatient and decide just to d r
58、ive right through itIf another car is comingfrom the other direction ,there might be a terrible accidentCutting another car off can make its driver angry,so that driver cuts off someone elsePretty soon everybody is angry ,and impatient Traffic accidents declare millions of lives every year worldwide
59、 In Taiwan alone, over seven people are killed in accidents every day The annual death rate( 年死亡率 )from traffic accidents in Taiwan is twice that of JapanTo allow traffic to move smoothly and safely,everybody must follow the rules Before you drive, learn all the traffic laws That way of driving is s
60、afe, convenient and even fun ! Which of the following may be the best title for this passage? A Traffic Safety BBe Careful CHow To Drive A Car DA Traffic Accident Key A 5. purpose Personal computers and the Internet give people new choices about how to spend their time Some may use this freedom to s
61、hare less time with certain friends or family members, but new technology will also let them stay in closer touch with those they care most aboutI know this from personal experience E-mail makes it easy to work at home which is where I now spend most weekends and eveningsMy working hours arent neces
62、sarily much shorter than they once were but I spend fewer of them at the office This let me share more time with my young daughter than I might have if she d been born before electronic mai1 became such a practical tool The Internet also makes it easy to share thoughts with a group of friendsSay you
63、 do something fun see a great movie perhaps-and there are four or five friends who might want to hear about itIf you call each one , you 13 / 19may tire of telling the story With E-mail you just write one note about your experience ,at your convenience, and address it to all the friends you think mi
64、ght be interested They can read your message when they have time, and read only as much as they want toThey can reply at their convenience ,and you can read what they have to say at your convenienceE-mails also an expensive way stay in close touch with people who live far awayMore than a few parents
65、 use E-mail to keep in touch ,even daily touch ,with their children off at collegeWe just have to keep in mind that computers and the Internet offer another way of staying in touchThey dont take the place of any of the old ways The purpose of this passage is to_A. explain how to use the Internet B.
66、describe the writers joy of keeping up with the latest technology C. tell the merits( 价值 )and usefulness of the Internet D. introduce the reader to basic knowledge about personal computers and the Internet Key C 1. 什么是主旨大意题?举例说明。2. 主旨大意题有哪些出题形式?举例说明。3.主旨大意题有哪些做题方法,说给老师听。Exercise 1 Personal computers
67、 and the Internet give people new choices about how to spend their time Some may use this freedom to share less time with certain friends or family members, but new technology will also let them stay in closer touch with those they care most aboutI know this from personal experience E-mail makes it
68、easy to work at home which is where I now spend most weekends and eveningsMy working hours arent necessarily much shorter than they once were but I spend fewer of them at the office This let 我学了什么14 / 19me share more time with my young daughter than I might have if she d been born before electronic
69、mai1 became such a practical tool The Internet also makes it easy to share thoughts with a group of friendsSay you do something fun see a great movie perhaps-and there are four or five friends who might want to hear about itIf you call each one , you may tire of telling the story With E-mail you jus
70、t write one note about your experience ,at your convenience, and address it to all the friends you think might be interested They can read your message when they have time, and read only as much as they want toThey can reply at their convenience ,and you can read what they have to say at your conven
71、ienceE-mails also an expensive way stay in close touch with people who live far awayMore than a few parents use E-mail to keep in touch ,even daily touch ,with their children off at collegeWe just have to keep in mind that computers and the Internet offer another way of staying in touchThey dont tak
72、e the place of any of the old ways The best title for this passage is A. Computer :New Technological Advances B. Internet :New Tool to Maintain Good Friendship C. Computers Have Made Life Easier D. Internet :a Convenient Tool for CommunicationKey D 今天所学的主旨大意题你都会了吗?一、单词辩音。1. A. park B. hard C. garden
73、 D. sugar 2. A. front B. drop C. coffee D. chocolate 我学会了没我再加把劲15 / 193. A. orange B. sugar C. photograph D. egg 4. A. dresses B. blouses C. rooms D. oranges 5. A. swim B. beside C. bookcase D. trousers Key DAACD 二、单项选择。1. The train _ at 11. A. going to arrive B. will be arrive C. is going to D. is
74、arriving 2. There _ a meeting tomorrow afternoon. A. will be going to B. will going to be C. is going to be D. will go to be 3. There _ a dolphin show in the zoo tomorrow evening. A. was B. is going to have C. will have D. is going to be 4. He _ to us as soon as he gets there. A. writes B. has writt
75、en C. will write D. wrote 5. If it _ tomorrow, we ll go roller-skating. A. isn t rainB. won t rainC. doesn t rainD. doesn t fine6. Sunday is _ day of the week. A. one B. the first C. first D. the one 7. Our city _ many trees in ten years. A. has B. are C. will have D. will be 8. -Do you have _ lunch
76、? -No. A. / B. a C. the D. an 9. -What color is _ orange? - It s _ orange.A. an; an B. an; the C. an; / D. /; an 10. Mr. White lives on _floor. A. the fifteen B. fifteen C. the fifteenth D. fifteenth Key DCDCC BCACC 三、连词成句。1. has, Mrs. Liao, in, last, hospital, been, week, since 2. my aunt s, stayed
77、, for, I, weeks, have, two, at3. since, has, here, ten, the bus, arrived, minutes, ago 4. have, been, you, where? 16 / 195. has, he, been, how long, there? 四、完形填空In recent years, computer games have become more and more popular in many cities and towns. A lot of small shops and restaurants along bus
78、y 1 have changed into 2 game houses in order to get more money. These places are always crowded with 3 especially young boys. In the computer game houses, people 4 a lot of money competing with the computerized machines. It s 5 for one to win against a computer, but one can make 6 after trying again
79、 and again. People have a kind of gambling psychology(赌博心理) when they play computer games. The more they 7 the more they want to win, and at last they even cannot live without it. For school boys, they have no 8 for their lessons. When class is over, they rush to the nearby computer game houses. Som
80、e of them can get enough money from their parents. But some of them are not 9 enough to get the money. They begin to steal 10 students money and become thieves. 1. A. rivers B. cities C. markets D. streets 2. A. small B. big C. computer D. sports 3. A. people B. boys C. women D. girls 4. A. take B.
81、win C. cost D. spend 5. A. easy B. hard C. important D. wonderful 6. A. mistakes B. money C. progress D. rich 7. A. miss B. lose C. play D. make 8. A. different B. secret C. mind D. duty 9. A. bad B. angry C. difficult D. lucky 10. A. other B. ours C. his D. her Key DCADB ABCDA 五、阅读理解I will always r
82、emember my mother s last few days in this world.On February 14th,2000,my class went on a field trip to the beach. I had so much fun. When we returned to school,my teacher told me to go to the headmaster s office. When I got into the office,I saw a police officer. Suddenly I realized something was wr
83、ong. The police officer told me what had happened and we went to pick my sister up. After that ,we went to the hospital and waited. Time went slowly. Finally, we got to see our mother. It was terrible. 17 / 19On the next day,the headmaster came and told my two teachers what had happened. I was takin
84、g a rest that day. I knew it had something to do with my mother. I kept thinking that she either died or had gotten better. How I wished that she had gotten better. When my teacher took me outside ,my sister ran up to me. She started crying ,“ She s gone. Teresa,mommy s gone. She s dead.” I couldn t
85、 believe it. We jumped into the car and drove straight to the hospital. Most of my family were there. The silence was terrible. I knew I had to say goodbye. Today when I look back ,I still miss my mother very much , but I know that I will live. My mother was a strong mother,who had the biggest heart
86、. My mother was an angel walking on the earth. I will always remember her as living. When someone is asked who their hero (英雄) is, they usually say someone famous, like Michael Jordan or Britney Spears. When someone asks me who my hero is,I tell them , my mother. My mother lives every day. That is w
87、hat makes her a true hero. 1. Where was the writer when she learned her mother was very ill ?A. On the beach. B. At the hospital. C. At school. D. At home. 2. Who brought the writer the bad news that her mother was ill?A. Her sister. B. The headmaster. C. Her teacher. D. The police officer. 3. What
88、did the headmaster tell the two teachers on the next day ?A. Her mother had been very ill B. Her mother had been dead. C. Her mother had gotten better. D. Her sister came to see her. 4. From the last paragraph of the passage we know that _. A. the writer is afraid of her mother B. the writer is proud of her mother C. the writer feels sad about her mother D. the writer feels sorry for her mother 5. The writer must think her mother is a _ woman. A. famous B. free C. rich D. great Key CDBBD 18 / 1919 / 19