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1、20212021 中考书面表达写作指导中考书面表达写作指导 虚拟语气语法虚拟语气语法1. 表示与现在事实相反或不可能发生：条件状语从句：一般过去时(虚拟语气中 bewere)主句用：would(should, could,might)+动词原形。If we had time now, we would read it again.If I were you, I would work hard.2. 表示与过去事实相反或不可能发生：条件状语从句：had+过去分词;主句：would(should, could, might)+have+过去分词。If he had taken my advice
2、, he would have sueeded in thetest.If I had known your telephone number then, I would havecalled you.3. 表示与将来的事实可能相反或不可能发生：条件状语从句：一般过去时should +动词原形were to+动词原形;主句：would(should, could, might)+动词原形。If it should rain, the crops would be saved.If it were to snow tomorrow, they would not go out.P.S 虚拟条件句
3、的特殊情况(1). 混合/错综型虚拟语气当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，称为错综条件句，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整。If you had followed my advice, you would be betternow.(从句说的是过去，主句是现在)If I were you, I would have taken his advice.(从句是现在，主句是过去)(2)省略 if 的虚拟语气如果从句中含有 were/ should/ had 时，那么可以把这三个词置于句首，省略 if.采用倒装语序。If it should happen, w
4、hat would you do? Should ithappen, what would you do?If he had recognized me, he would have e over. Had herecognized me, he would have e over.(3) 含蓄虚拟条件句有时候假设的情况不以 if 引导的条件从句形式表现出来，而是通过一个介词短语，连词或其他形式表示。常用的词或短语有：without, with, but for(要是没有), otherwise, or, but 等。Without your help(=If we had not had y
5、our help), wecould not have sueeded.But for electricity(=If there were no electricity,there would be no modern industry.He felt very tired yesterday, or/ otherwise he wouldhave attended the party.(4) 在 if it were( had been )not for .句型中的虚拟语气虚拟语气也常用于if it were/(had been) not for .句型中，意为要不是由于。If it we
6、re not for peace, we could not be living ahappy life today.If it had not been for your timely help, I would havegone bankrupt.1.主语从句中的虚拟语气这种虚拟语气主要用在 it is+形容词(名词，过去分词)+that+主语+should+动词原形(should 可以省略)这种结构中。常见的这类形容词有：advisable, anxious, better,desirable, surprising, natural, necessary, strange,import
7、ant, regretful.常见的这类过去分词有：decided, demanded, remended,requested, desired, required, ordered, suggested.常见的这类名词有：duty, pity, no surprise, no wonder,regret, shame.It was suggested that he(should)join the clubactivities.It is strange (surprising, disappointing) that she(should) not have been invited.It
8、 is a pity that he (should) refuse to aept the offer.2. 宾语从句中的虚拟语气wish 后面所跟宾语从句谓语动词用虚拟语气(意为要是，但愿就好了)，其形式主要有三种：表示对现在情况的虚拟：wish 后接一般过去时的从句表示对过去情况的虚拟：wish 后接过去完成时/should，couldhave done表示对将来情况的虚拟：wish 后接 would，could+动词原形Iwish it were spring all year round.I wish it would be fine tomorrow.She wished she
9、had stayed at home.在表示建议，命令，要求等动词后的从句要用(should)+动词原形。此类动词有：suggest, advise, propose, demand, require,insist(要求), order, prefer, mand, ask, request.The teacher ordered that all the books (should) behanded in on time.P.S. 当 suggest 表示暗示，说明之意;insist 表示坚持认为，坚持说之意时，从句不用虚拟，用正常的陈述语气。The man insisted that h
10、e had never stolen the money.The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfiedwith life.3. 表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟语气在表示建议，命令，要求的名词后的表语从句或同位语从句中的谓语动词要用(should)+动词原形。常见名词有：advice, desire,request, demand, proposal, suggestion, preference,requirement, order.He gave orders that the guests (should) be hospital
11、entertained.His proposal is that we (should) get rid of the badhabits.1.在 as if/ as though 引导的状语从句中，假设从句与事实相反，那么要用虚拟语气。其形式如下：主语+as if/ though +主语+一般过去时(从句的动作与主句同时发生)主语+as if/ though +主语+would/could+动词原形(从句的动作相对主句来说在将来发生)主语+as if/ though +主语+过去完成时(从句的动作先发生于主句动作之前)He talks as if he knew all about it.S
12、he speaks English well as if he had studied in America.He learns English so hard as if he would go abroad.2.在 it is (high) time that 句型中也用虚拟语气，从句常用过去式，有时也用 should +动词原形，表示早该做而没做的事，含建议的意味。It is time that we went home.P.S.此句型中，注意与It/This is the +序数词+time that+现在完成式的区别。This is the first time that I hav
13、e been here.3.would rather 后接动词原形，但接从句时要用虚拟语气(宁愿，但愿)。Would rather +主语+一般过去时(表示与现在或将来相反)Would rather +主语+过去完成时(表示与过去相反)Id rather he didnt go now.Id rather you hadnt done it.4. if only 后接从句也用虚拟语气，其形式与 wish 的用法一致。5. 动词 hope, intend, mean, plan, want, think 等词用过去完成的形式，表示的意思为本想，本打算，本认为He had meant to buy the furniture last week, but itrained.(他上周本打算去买那件家具，但却下雨了)
