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1、八上 unit4 What s the best movie theater? 知识点总结一.形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的变化方法如下(1) 符合规则的:情况加法例词一 般 情 况直接加 -er ; -est all-taller-tallest 以 e 结尾的词加 r ; -st nice-nicer-nicest 以“ 辅音+y” 结尾的词变 y 为 i 再加-er ; -est dry-drier-driest heavy-heavier-heaviest 以一个辅音字母结尾的词辅音字母双写,再加-er ; -est thin-thinner-thinnest 多音节和部分双音节单词在
2、词前加more ; most more delicious most delicious 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 10 页(2)几个不规则的形容词和副词的比较级和最高级如下表:二形容词副词比较级最高级的用法(1)和冠词连用the 形容词原级,指一类人或物the 形容词比较级,指两者中“ 较的” 的那一个,eg. the younger of the two a/ an 形容词比较级eg. The pen is expensive. I want a cheaper one. a most形容词最高级“ 非常”eg
3、. a most beautiful city ( 2 ) 相关结构1) 原级比较:肯定句as.as ., 否定句 not so / as.as .2) 比较句:比较级 than . 或 more (less) .than .The furniture in this shop is less beautiful than that in that shop.(注意代词 that 的用法 ) 3) 比较级and比较级或 more and more比较级“ 越来越 ”richer and richer, more and more interesting 4) The more., the mo
4、re. “越, 越”The more you look at the picture, the better you will like it. 原级比较级最高级good , well better best bad , ill worse worst many , much more most little less least far farther / further farthest / furthest 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 10 页5) 比较级 than any other n. (单)(适用于范围
5、一致时)(all) other n.(复)any n.(单) (适用于范围不一致时)He is taller than any other student / all other students in his class. any student in my class. 6) 倍数表达法。A is three(four, etc.)times the size(height, length etc.)of B. A is three(four, etc.)times as big(high, long, etc.)as B. A is three (four, etc.)times big
6、ger(higher, longer, etc.)than B. 用 times 表倍数通常用于三倍以上,两倍可以用twice 或 double. The new building is four times the size (the height)of the old one. 这座新楼比那座旧楼大三倍(高三倍)。Asia is four times as large as Europe. 亚洲比欧洲大三倍。Your school is three times bigger than ours. 你们的学校比我们的学校大三倍。7) more than 结构,其意往往是 rather tha
7、n,可译为 “ 是而不是 ” 或颠倒词序译作 “ 与其说是 ,不如说是 ” 。That little girl is more tired than hungry. 那个小姑娘是累了而不是饿了。She is more a mother than a wife或 She is more of a mother than a wife. 她是贤妻,更是良母。8) A is to B what C is to D A 和 B 的关系就像 C 和 D 的关系Air is to man what water is to fish. 空气 对于人类就像水和鱼的关系。9) no more than= onl
8、y “ 只不过 ” ,言其少not more than=at most “ 不多于 ” ,“ 至少” ,指事实。no more than 和一样不 not more than 不比更no less than= as much as “ 多达”no fewer than= as many as 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 10 页eg: I have no more than five yuan in my pocket. 我口袋里的钱只不过5 元。I have not more than five yuan in m
9、y pocket. 我口袋里的钱不多于5 元。He is no richer than I. 他和我一样穷。He is no less determined than you. 他的决心不亚于你。(no less determined than 等于“ 其决心不亚于你 ” ,言其大 ) He is not less determined than you. 他的决心不比你小。(not less determined than 等于“ 其决心不小于 ” , 无言其大或小的含义) 10) 最高级 of/ in/ among.He is the tallest of the three/ among
10、 them/ in is class. 三相关词语辨析 /课文知识点详解1. so和 such A)so that 与 such that 的区别。so + 形容词 / 副词 + that so + 形容词+ a(n)+ 单数可数名词+ that so + many / much / little / few + 名词 + that such + a(n)+ 形容词+单数可数名词+ that such + 形容词 + 不可数名词+ that such + 形容词 + 复数名词+ that 注意: 但当 little 表示“ 小” 时用 such。如: These are such little
11、 boys that they cant dress t hemselves. 下列 so的用法是错误的:so a difficult problem, so difficult problems, so hot weather。B) some/ any/ every/ no/ each/ all/ another/ several/ few/ many/ one/ two +such+n. eg. no such word 3. be too much + n. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 10 页be much
12、too+ adj. be too much for sb. 对太过分了4. cant be too +adj.= cant be +adj.+ enough “ 无论都不为过 ”You can never be careful enough. = You can never be too careful.你越小心越5. for example,such as和 like 都可用来举例,但用法有所不同。for example 作“例如”讲时,一般只以同类事物或人中的“一个”为例,作插入语,用逗号隔开,可置于句首、句中或句末。He,for example,is a good student. 例如
13、,他就是个好学生。such as也作为“例如”讲,用来列举同类人或事物中的几个例子。Boys such as John and James are very friendly. 像约翰和詹姆斯这样的男孩都很友好。like 也常用来表示举例, 可与 such as互换。但 such as用于举例可以分开使用,此时不可与like 互换。The farm grows various kinds of crops, such as/like wheat, corn, cotton and rice. 注 意:使用 such as 来举例子,只能举出其中的一部分,一般不能全部举出。若全部举出,要改用na
14、mely(意为“即”)。He knows four languages,namely Chinese,English,Russian and French. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 10 页他精通四门语言,即汉语、英语、俄语和法语。6.Can I ask you some questions? 我可以问你一些问题吗?疑问句为什么不用 any 而用 some? 因为在向对方提出建议、 请求或期望对方作出肯定回答时,用some,不用 any 7. Thanks for telling me. 谢 谢 你 告诉 我 。
15、Thanks for “ 因而感谢”,向对方表示感谢的句型,后面接名词、代词或动名词,也可以说成“ Thanks sb. for ”8. No problem. 不用客气。用来回答感谢,意思“不用谢;别客气”还用来表示同意或回答请求,有能力做某事,意为“没问题”9. pretty bad 相当差,pretty 作副词,意为“相当”pretty cold 相当冷;pretty 用作形容词时,意为“漂亮的,可爱的,美丽的”,通常说明女性、小孩或较小的物品。其比较级为prettier, 最高级为prettiest 。10. not at all “一点也不,根本不”11. He s much bet
16、ter than other actors at finding the most interesting roles.他比其他演员更擅长找到最有趣的角色much 此处作程度副词, 意为“得多” ,用于形容词或副词的比较级前面,相当于 a lot。12. 10 minutes by bus 坐 公 共 汽 车10分 钟 的 路 程10 minutes walk 步行 10分钟的路程two hours by train 坐火车两小时的路程most creative 最具创造力的creative 形容词,有创造力的,创精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - -
17、- - -第 6 页,共 10 页造性的; create 及物动词,意为“创造;创作”13.It s always interesting to watch other people show their talents.观看别人展示他们的才艺总是有趣的。Watch sb. /sth. do sth. 意为“观看某人或某物做某事”。后接不带to 的动词不定式用宾语补足语,这样的动词还有:look at , see , watch, hear , listen to , notice , have, let ,make , help(也可带 to)等。14. Talent shows are g
18、etting more and more popular. 才艺越来越受欢迎。more and more popular 意为“越来越流行”“比较级 +and+比较级”意为“越来越”better and better 越来越好more and more important 越来越重要15. All these shows have one thing in common 所有这些表演都有一个相同的特点 have in common 有相同点16. be up to sb. 意为“是某人的职责,由某人决定”常用的结构为:be up to sb. to do sth. 17. play a rol
19、e in “在中发挥作用 /扮演角色”18. not everybody 不是每个人19. Some think that the lives of the performers are made up.有些人认为这些表演者的生活是编造的。be made up 是被动语态, make up意为“编造”20. for example 例如,用来列举某一论点或情况, 一般只列举同类人精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页,共 10 页或事物中的一个, 在句中作插入语, 并且用逗号与前后隔开, 可用于句首、句中或句尾。21. in fac
20、t 事实上,实际上22. take seriously 认真对待23. come true. (梦想,希望等 )实现,变为现实24. give sb.sth.=give sth. to sb. 把某物给某人give 后接双宾语,能接双宾语的动词有: bring( 带来); teach(教); show (给看) ; tell(告诉)等;此类动词的常用句型为:动词+sb.(间接宾语) +sth.(直接宾语)动词 + sth.(直接宾语) + to sb.(间接宾语);如果直接宾语是代词,只能用含有介词to 的形式;如: Please give it to me.请把它给我。25.What do
21、you think of these shows? 你认为这些节目怎么样?相当于 how do you like .? 26. One of +可数名词复数“ 之一”27.join, join in, take part in和 attend 的用法比较这几个词或短语都有 “ 参加” 的意思,但用法不同。join 有两个用法:(1)指加入某个党派,团体组织等,成为其成员之一,意为:“ 参军、入团、入党” 等。如:When did your brother join the army? 你哥哥什么时候参军的?She joined the Young Pioneers. 她加入了少先队。(2)和某
22、人一道做某事, 其结构为:join sb. in (doing) sth. , 根据上下文,in (doing) sth. 也可以省去Will you join us in the discussion? 你参加我们的讨论吗?精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页,共 10 页Hell join us in singing the song. 他将和我们一道唱歌。Were going to the East Lake Park on Sunday. Will you join us? 我们打算星期天去东湖公园。你跟我们一道去好吗?j
23、oin in 多指参加小规模的活动如“ 球赛、游戏 ” 等,常用于日常口语。如:Come along, and join in the ball game. 快,来参加球赛。Why didnt you join in the talk last night? 昨晚你为什么没参加座谈?take part in 指参加会议或群众性活动等,着重说明句子主语参加该项活动并在活动中发挥积极作用。Well take part in social practice during the summer vacation. 暑假期间我们将参加社会实践。We often take part in physical
24、 labor. 我们经常参加体力劳动。take part in 是惯用词组, part 前一般不用冠词,但part 前有形容词修饰时,要用不定冠词。Lincoln took an active part in polities and was strongly against slavery. 林肯积极参加政治活动,强烈反对奴隶制。attend 是正式用语, 及物动词, 指参加会议, 婚礼,葬礼,典礼;去上课,上学,听报告等。句子的主语只是去听,去看,自己不一定起积极作用。如:Hell attend an important meeting tomorrow. 他明天要参加一个重要的会议。I
25、attended his lecture. 我听了他的讲课。28. find ,find out ,look for 与 discover find ,find out ,look for 与 discover 都与 “ 找” 有关,但侧重点不同。请观察下面的例句。【例句】1. Im looking for my pen.2. He can t find his watch.3. I find it difficult to learn English well. 4. Please find out the answer to the question. 精选学习资料 - - - - - -
26、 - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页,共 10 页5. Do you find out why Tom was late? 6. Scientists around the world are working to discover a cure for AIDS. 【用法】look for 意为“ 寻找” ,强调找的动作,是延续性动词,如句1。find 意为“ 找到、发现、感到 ” ,强调找的结果,是非延续性动词,如句2 和句3。find out 意为“ 查明、发现、了解 ” ,指经过认真观察、调查或研究把某事、某物查出来、搞清楚,多用于复杂而不容易直接查出的情况,如句4 和句 5。discover 意为“ 发现、发觉” ,指发现某种情况或发现早已存在而未为人知的东西,如句 6。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 10 页,共 10 页