《2022年情态动词handout》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2022年情态动词handout（5页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、四情态动词情态动词体现说话者的语气、情感、态度。但本身词义不完全，不能单独作谓语动词，必须和不带 to 的不定式 (即动词原形 )连用。 情态动词没有人称和数的变化，但有的有过去式。情态动词数量不多，但其用法灵活多变，相互间区分度小，不易把握，需在熟练掌握其在各种句式中的基本含义和用法的基础上加以细心体会、区别。A情态动词 can，could ，may，might ， will ，would ，shall， should，must， cant等的用法1. can 和 could 1) 表示“能够做 ” 。e.g. No one could pass the exam last week. 2)
2、 表示许可。e.g. You can stay here until your father comes to pick you up. 3) 表示请求，这时，could 比 can 的语气要委婉。e.g. Could you lend me a pen, please? 4) 表示可能、猜测。常用于否定句和疑问句；有时也用于肯定句，表示的是逻辑上的可能性。e.g. He cant be at home at this time. Mr. Smith is in poor health, and he can be ill at any time. can 和 be able to 的区别：1
3、) 形式上的区别： can 只有现在式和过去式could；而 be able to 则可用于多种时态。如：is able to，were able to，will be able to 等。2) 语义上的区别：can通常用来指一种固有的能力，如：Ducks can swim. 鸭子会游水。而 be able to 则常用来指某一次具体的行为，且是通过了努力才能够做成某事。e.g. Though completely drunk last night, he was able to find his home. 虽然昨晚他完全喝醉了，但他还是可以找到家。3) could 和 was able t
4、o :在肯定句中， 表示特定的某一过去能力要用waswere able to，但否定句中could 不受这一限制。e.g. He was very ill, so he couldn twasnt able tofinish the work on time. 2. may 和 might 1) 表示许可，可与can互换。2) 表示请求，语气较委婉。3) 表示可能性，但说话人把握不大（若有确切把握且在肯定句中则用must，否定句中用cant） 。通常只用于肯定句或否定句。在肯定句中表示的是事实上的可能性。e.g. John looks weak. He may be ill. 3. will
5、和 would 1) 两者都可以表示承诺和意愿。e.g. The whole family will come for dinner. She asked if I would help. 2) 表示请求，此时用would 语气较委婉。 e.g. Would you join us? 3) would 还常用来表示过去的习惯和传统。e.g. He would sit alone for a whole morning when he was upset during his childhood. 4. shall 和 should 1) 表示承诺和意愿，但常用于第一人称。shall 用于第二、
6、三人称时，表示说话者的意愿、意志，意思是“应、要、必须”。 e.g. I promise that she shall get a nice present on her birthday. 2) 表示建议。e.g. You should learn more about western culture if you want to study abroad. 3) 表示预测“应当” 。 e.g. It s nearly 7 oclock. Dad should come home soon. 5. must 和 cant两者都可以表示推测，must 表示肯定的推测，用于肯定句中。cant表示
7、否定的推测，常用于否定句中。e.g. They must have got lost. 他们一定是迷路了。6. need 1) need 作情态动词时无人称和时态变化。意思是：需要。2) 肯定回答用must，否定回答用needn t。一 Need I go with you? 一 Yes, you must. / 一 No, you needn t. 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 1 页，共 5 页 - - - - - - - - - SELF ASSESSMENT
8、SI. 单句改错1. Mr. Smith looks pale. He can be ill. 2. When we worked in the same office, we will often have coffee together. 3. You must be joking. That mustn t be true. 4. Come to take the photos tomorrow morning. It may be ready by then. 5. The fire spread so fast that only one-third of the people co
9、uld esc ape the fire. II. 用正确的情态动词填空。1. When we are cooking with a gas fire, we _ (can must) keep the window open. 2. Mr. Joseph has stayed in the US for several years. He _ (maycan) speak English quite well. 3. No one _ (will would) think highly of a woman in the old times. 4. It _ (can tmustn t) b
10、e Miss Gao. I know she has gone to Beijing. 5. You say you _ not do it but I say you _ (shall will). III. 单项填空1. 一 Isn t that Ann s husband over there?一 No, _ be him - I m sure he doesn t wear glasses. (2004 全国 ) A. can t B. must not C. wont D. may not 2. “ The interest _ be divided into 5 parts, ac
11、cording to the agreement made by both sides.”declared the judge. A. can t B. should C. must D. shall 3. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone _ get out. (1997 全国) A. had to B. would C. could D. was able to 4. 一 Will you stay for lunch? (1999 全国 ) 一 Sorry, _. My brother is comin
12、g to see me. A. I mustn t B. I can t C. I needn t D. I wont5. 一 Write to me when you get home. (2001 北京春 ) 一 _. A. I must B. I should C. I will D. I can 6. Are you coming to Jeff s party? - I m not sure. I _ go to the concert instead. A. must B. would C. should D. might 7. Is John coming by train? -
13、 He should, but he _ not. He likes driving his car. A. must B. can C. need D. may 8. A left-luggage office is a place where bags _ be left for a short time, especially at a railway station. A. should B. can C. must D. will 9. Shall I tell John about it? - No, you _. I ve already told him. A. needn t
14、 B. wouldn t C. mustn t D. shouldn t 10. Tom, you _ leave all your clothes on the floor like this. A. wouldn t B. mustn t C. needn t D. may not 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 2 页，共 5 页 - - - - - - - - - B情态动词 ought to 的用法1. ought (not) to ，should 及 ha
15、ve to 表示“应该” ：情态动词用法举例ought to “应该”，多指客观上有责任，义务干某事，语气比should 强烈。否定形式：ought not to (oughtn t to) V-原 You ought to start at once. Such things ought not to be allowed, ought they? should “应该”，多指主观上有责任，有义务干某事，语气比ought to 弱。否定形式： should not (shouldn t) We should memorize more words. Everyone should know
16、some first aid. have to “应该， 不得不”，多指客观形势所逼而迫不得已。否定形式： dont have toI missed the train, so I had to take a taxi. 2. “情态动词have done”1) 表示对过去的猜测说明： mightcould 有时并不是maycan 的过去式，而是表示一种委婉的语气或更小的可能性。 might have done 有时可用于疑问句，此时might 就相当于 cancould。2) 表示对过去所发生的事情的遗憾或责备SELF ASSESSMENTSI. 单句改错1. Oughtn t we giv
17、e him a chance to correct his mistake?2. I didn t take an umbrella today, so I should stay there until it stopped raining. 3. I m sorry Im 1ate. I ought to take a taxi. 4. Our English teacher has been abroad for a month. You mustn t have seen him yesterday. 5. You mustnt bother to post the letter fo
18、r me . I ll be going out myself s oon. 6. She is weak, so she must often see the doctor. II. 用正确的情态动词(should，ought to，或 have to) 的适当形式填空。1. He _ (come) at 4 o clock if the plane arrives on time. 2. I didn t go shopping this morning as I _ (do) the housework. 3. She _ (come) to see me yesterday, but
19、she forgot. 4. You _ (ask) for permission before you left the table. 5. As they didnt understand, I _ (explain) everything again. 结构所用的句式意义must have done 肯定句一定 (已经 ) may might have done 肯定句可能大概 (已经 ) 否定句可能还没有 can / could have done 否定句不可能 (已经 ) 疑问句可能也许 (已经 ) 了吗 ? 结构所用的句式意义should / ought (not) to have
20、 done 肯定句， 否定句， 疑问句本来 (不)应该 的might / could have done 肯定句本来能够可以的needn t have done否定句本不必要 的名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 3 页，共 5 页 - - - - - - - - - 6. We _ (begin) work at 9 o clock but we never do. III. 单项填空1. Many of the artists who _ did not come.
21、A. ought to appear B. should appear C. had to appear D. ought to have appeared 2. One ought _ for what one hasn t done. A. not to be punished B. to not be punished C. to not punish D. not to punish 3. 一 Do you have to leave now? Sorry, but I really_. A. ought B. must C. should D. have 4. There was p
22、lenty of time. She _. A. mustn t have studied B. couldn t have hurriedC. must not hurry D. needn t have hurried5. Tom ought not to _ me your secret, but he meant no harm. A. have told B. tell C. be telling D. having told 6. The plant is dead, I _ it more water. A. will give B. would have given C. mu
23、st give D. should have given 7. I told Sally how to get here, but perhaps I _ for her. A. had to write it out B. must have written it out C. should have written it out D. ought to write it out 8. There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well. 一 It _ a comfortable jour
24、ney. A. can t be B. shouldn t be C. mustn t have been D. couldn t have been9. I was really anxious about you. You _ home without a word. (2001 全国 ) A. mustn t leave B. shouldn t have le ft C. couldnt have left D. needn t leave10. 一 Is John coming by train? 一 He should, but he _ not. He likes driving
25、 his car. (2002 全国 ) A. must B. can C. need D。may “情态动词 have done” 补充：can/could have done sth. 可能做了 can t/couldn t have done sth.不可能做了 must have done sth. 一定做了 may/might have done sth. 可能做了 should have done sth. 应该做而没有做 shouldn t have done sth. 本不该做而做了 ought to have done 应该做又没有做 ought not to have do
26、ne 不应该做却做了 SELF ASSESSMENTS答案：I单句改错1.少 to 2. had to 3. have taken 4. should ask 5. needn t 6. has to II 情态动词填空：1.should( 表预测，应该) 2. had to do 3. should/ ought yo have come 4. should ask 5. had to explain 6. ought to III. 1. D 2. A 3. B 4. D 5. A 6. D 7. C 8. D 9. B 10. D名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 4 页，共 5 页 - - - - - - - - - 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 5 页，共 5 页 - - - - - - - - -
