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1、定语从句知识结构图解作者 : 日期 : 定语从句知识结构图解概念 :定语可以由形容词,名词 ,代词 ,分词 ,不定式以及介词短语等来担任,也可以由一个句子来充当,充当定语功能的句子称为定语从句。 指人的先行词 先行词 :被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词指物的先行词先行词还可以是前面整个句子所叙述的事情。He ha pase th dri ig s, hich s p ses al fs.(hic替代前面所叙述的事情) 先行词替代前面的先行词（替代作用 )关系词的作用 连接主句和定语从句（连接作用）在定语从句中作句子成分( 成分作用）定语从句“三要素”关系词 : 引导定语的词标准 :根据关系词在从句
2、中做的句子成分种类关系词的分类关系代词 : 在从句中做主, 宾，表 , 定（t aic / ho/who /whos /as) 关系副词 : 在从句中作状语(W e/where/why) 定语从句：用来做定语,修饰限定先行词的句子。 限制性定语从句：对先行词起限定修饰作用。定He sa teacer w rkt ourschoo. 定语从句的分类非限制性定语从句：对先行词起补充说明作用(先行词与定语从句之间有逗号隔开 )语Biji ，whic s the cpital of C , is a be utiuc ty ith a lon h toy比较：H hawo sons,whowor in
3、 e sme a . (He ha l wo sons ）从has o sn h workn tesamcmpany(Perhahe has twomre sons)句 关系代词在定语从句中作宾语S eisthe ir (whom tha )Iloved befor . (可以省略who/ at) 关系代词在定语从句中作表语关系代词的省略eis o lo gr the oy(that)he use tobe（可以省略that)限定性定语从句 关系代词作介词宾语, 介词在从句句尾时可以省略Housing pr is problem (that whch） peple e in res d i比较
4、：Housing rice i aroblm inwhpoplarentereste( 此时只能用whi h 且不能省略） 以疑问词wo 开头的句子中定语从句几个难点Wo s thean thatis ou g tee?关系代词在从句中作表语时用 hat 的情况he is not tgil thtshe usedtobe. 先行词被th ver ,the , he on y 修饰Thte r ersothat weare loking or.先行词是人that/who 的区别先行词是one， ones, anybo y，all， none, Th e who ant to go to th i
5、nma wil ae o wait thegae of te coo. 句子中有两个定语从句,一个用了 that, 另外一用 who 的情况个用 ho Wo is h boy thatwon thgoledal?在 hre be 结构中Tere are ny young mwo ar aainst im. 在非限定性定语从句当中To, wo is mybest friend, h s gne bra tostdy. 在非限定性定语从句中. Sheot thega , ich de e ed ergreatly. 关系词置于介词之后,作宾语 .T pn with w ih you wrte i
6、ack .用 whc的情况先行词是hat或定语从句中套e e show you he n l that Iborwed mthe li ry ichsnewy petous.先行词是不定代词如l，litt e,fw， muc, 先行词是物ay in, eve ythi g， nthing ， none， n e 等ht / w ih 的区别Sh did al tha e ould to hl . 先行词被all，ve , ,some,lit le，m h,he only ， hevery ， iht,t last 等所修饰时 isis he very bok that I nt. 先行词中既有
7、人又有物时She descriedher co ostionshe e le nd用 that 的情况 e pl esthat mpesse hrmost.先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。T s is ebe t book tha I e evedhs is t e rsilmthat Iveen ice Icame her. 定语从句中套定语从句,其中一个关系词以用whch,另外一个用that He buit a fctory ic produc d hings thatad nev r been en before定当主句的主语是疑问词which ，另一个用 atho sthe pe
8、rso thais stad ngat e te? 语定语从句 0 个难点As 既可以引导限制性定语从句也可以用于非限定性定句中充当主语,宾语 ,表语等。常用于以下句型当中从 uch so. as 像 .一样 hsame as 和.同样的A cm te is s u ul maciaswe anus everyay. 句As 引导定语从He is tthe sma s e was.句的用法引导非限制性定语从句，此时译为“正如，像”等。可以放在句首，句中或句末。As I e emer， ere w ea net ar hre. Tawan is ainseparblepart o Chi ,si
9、k w toa l. h smeas 和 the same that. 引导定语从句的区别 isi te same bike tatI ost yst day. ( 同一事物 )Tis i the sme ke asI lost ye erd y. (同类事物 ) W e 在定语从句中做时间状语，先行词为表示时间的tm，ay 等I sil memer te dwhenI first cameto ei n.(we= n whc） he在定语从句中做地点状语,先行词为表地点的 ce， s等Can you tellm hof icew erhe work ?（ hee=in w ich) Why
10、在定语从句中做原因状语,先行词只有re o关系副词的运用I o t want o sen t any reaso wy you w reasen. (wh fo ich) 关系副词 = 相应的介词+ 关系代词 Wh re 引导的定语从句还可以修饰抽象空间的名词如case(情形） ，situai， p ition（位置） ,s e (阶段） ， po t（地步 )等ha e he s tu tions herboy lan uage isthe ony formofcommun cation? 在哪些情况下身体语言是唯一的沟通方式。（此时 were = in whic ） way 在定语从句中做
11、状语时的三种引导方式t t/inhic / 不填he way n hich / that 不填hexpl in he ntece o us is siple比较：The ay whic /that 不填het ld to u a uite imple(wa在定语中作tell 的宾语 ) time 表示 “ 次数 ” 时， 用关系代词tha引导定语从句几个特殊先行词 t e Thisishe first time that th presidet as vi thcountr的先行词ime 作“ 一段时间 ”讲时，应用关系副词hehis was thetime whe e ewe e no r
12、di , otele ho es onoTV ets.（此时whe= duin whc在.期间）先行词reason 当在定语从句中作状语时,定语从句的4 种引导方式wyfhic / ha /不填T sis h reason h/for whic/ ha/不填hecan comeere. 比较 :s thi thr aso htwi /不填 exp in d to ufor hbsence from h con re ce（ resn 在定语从句中做 xplai的宾语）该结构的关系代词只有两种即介词 h h（指物）介词 +wh m（指人）该结构介词的选用原则：根据定语从句中谓语动词的习惯搭配hi
13、sis te book on which spnt $8. This is t bokfor wh cIpi $ 8. 根据先行词的搭配习惯I eme er the dadur nwich I lve therI ememberthe ayonwhic I graduatfom univerity. 介词 +关系代词 根据整个句子所表达的意思来决定The clrless gas wi out hiwcn t live is alled oxgen 英语中为了强调某一名词，不定式前面也可以加上关系代词。Her is themoe wth whic by thpin. S he rgh ern w
14、hto epend. 定注意 :如果介词后移,关系代词可以省略Thprson (wom/w o/t ) ouwllwrit o is od. 语定语从句1个难点有些含有介词的动词短语介词不能提前如lok fo after;take care of; end for; hefom/of abu dealwt等从his sth baby tht o will loo ftr.句当先行词是one of +复数名词，定语从句的位于动词要用复数形式T e G a Wlsone of two ld-famo bu ld ngsta raw os ofvisitor 定语从句的eer year. 主谓一致当
15、先行词是 honl + o of +复数名词，从句谓语用单数形式Th GreatWall ionly ne o th uildings on te erth hat is seen f omte m n. 先行词如果是整个句子，定语从句的谓语动词用单数 eat changes ae aenplain China， as isknown oal. e hs pssd he divin test, h surpr ss al f s. 定语从句可以转换为 ing 或 ed 形式定语从句的Thgi(wis) d ing now ju t retu ed from Taiwan. 转化 lo e to
16、r s (whichwr) wr tte by Heming ay. hman （who stads） stanthris my frien. 判断从句是否为定语从句（先行词，关系词,定语从句 )准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、宾、表、定、状)10.定语从句的从而正确选定使用关系代词或关系副词解题方法例 :Is s tu_ you visited a few day o?I hthe usum _ thexibition waeld?A.wh rBthaC. on whichwhat 注意：关系代词who的用法。Whos在定语从句中做定语。当先行词是人：whose = te + 名词+o
17、f whom 当先行词是物:whose = the + 名词+ fwhico you know the oy whoseparen s/ e parets of w om e n holiday? I d likea oom whoe window / tewindowofwic face the se.T t 引导定语从句，名词性从句和 强调句型的区别定语从句中的tha:关系代词 ,在后面的定语从句中做句子成分。名词性从句中的th : 从属连词，只起连接主从句的作用，在从句中不做句子成分。强调句中的t t, 运用于 t iswashat.结构；判断标准：去掉强调句型结构,成分仍然完整。比较
18、: hi ih ook t at I amlo king for. （ at引导定语从句 ) It is B shu i dleschot at ha e t di d for teyes（ hat 和前面的it i 构成强调句型) heat taestole temon y su pried alof us. (that引导名词性从句 -同位语从句 ) hat he will c m to he conference asexitall of us. (h引导名词性从句 -主语从句 ) We all exp ct ta tey win,ormmbrs ther tear trne. (at
19、引导名词性从句-宾语从句 ) Teea n f r ur falues tha you lackcni ce in y ursef. (tht引导名词性从句-表语从句 ) 定语从句练习题 : .hy will lytoWashingon, _ _ hey lanto sta fo twoor thre ys? A. wh re B t r? C. which ? when 2.Tegroingspeed of a plnts influenc by a numbrofac rs,_ a on our ntrolA. m st of t m? . o t whi ?C. m t o at ? D
20、. mos of t at 3. I wi l giv o my friend s home address， _ cn beeace mos eenin s? A. hich B. wen ?C whom ?D. w ere 4. All theneighbrs admithsfamily ，_ te arents are ra ng eirchldia f n . A. w y? er?C hch ?D that 5 ilagrs here ep n onthe ishn dusry， _ her wot b uchwor.? A. w e?. tha?C. y which?D. with
21、ou which 6. For many ties in e rld, th ei no oom o spread outfrther, _ New York is an xample. ? A. fo whi ? B. in whic ?. f wih D.f mwhich . Wewent tru h aprod_ communcaionswere very fficult in the rural reas? A. i ?B ose?. i wich?D.with which 8. We shouldt spen our m ney etig so m ny peopl, mos of
22、_ re healty. ? A. t at?B. hich ? C.what?D.whom 9.Last eek,ol two le came tolothe hose, _ wned t bu i . A. non ofthem B. boh othem Cnoneo whm ? D. n ther ofwhm 0. Itis reportd ta two chools,_ arebeng built i y hme town, will pen next ear. A. t ey both?B. hih both C. both them ? D. both fwhc11. y ervi
23、n others, prson ocuse somoneother ha himef oher lf ， _cane veyey op g and warding. A who ?B. wich? C. wh ? D. that 2. oko !Dot get oo cls to the houe_ oos unde r ar. A. who B.which ?C fhich ? D. what 1.W awsveral natives advancing tw ds op rt ,and otem meuptus._ easmebell an glsses. A. t which B. to
24、w o?Cw h whom D. ith wh c14. Many childre ， _arntar away wo ng in big ities， r taken ood care of n h v ge. A. the?B whse? C. thm? .wit hm 5. Wat doyou h nk o echig,Bb？I ind it n and c llengin .It isa ob _ you are doing som thig seiubut i terestg? A.whre ? B.whichC.hen? D.th16. The houe grw u _ ha be
25、 take dow and eplaced byn offi e buiding. A. i it?. in .inthat ? D. nwhich 7. Shebroght w th herthre f iends， none of_ had eve me before. A. them? B. w? C. ho?D.thee 8W enever met er，_ws airl often, shegre d m th a swet sm e? A. who ? B.wi? C. he? D. that 19.Li e i like a long ac_ ecompe th herst ob
26、eyondouselves. ? A. wh ? . ha? C. tht ? .here 20. That is su ha w ll-known lae_everyone wants sit _ e can f di in he ma of h world. .h ; which B. as;sC.tha ; that D. a;tht2012高考英语单选题分类汇编定语从句【2012 全国卷】 hat evnig,_ I wll tell you mo about later, en d p workng veate?. h t? B which C. what? D. w en 【 01
27、安徽】 29l t oflang e learning,hs bee disovered，is hppenin n the fi styearof ife, so arets shou d al much to te r chi en during thatperiod. A. as B. iC.which D.ths 【201重庆】29. Sale direcoris posi on _com nica ionbiity s justas iporant as sals sills. A. which B. that . wen D. wh re 【2 2 北京】26 Whe deepl a
28、 sobe n work, _ _heofwas,oul rget ll outeatng or seeping. A. th ? .whic? . h r? D. wh n【212 福建】 23.hair uaiy i the c t，_ _is hown in trepor,as imp oved ov the pat tw ontht t B. it C. s D hat 【202 陕西】 1. It is etidtim tat he hs nthe ce，_ ha supri ed sall. A. that B where . hih D wat 【202 山东】 23. Mari
29、a hwriten wo novels,both of_ ha e been made nto televisioner e. . the. tat C. which D. what 【202 湖南】 34 Care o es ul is gadulpro s _even th all de il of lif should be nidere. . hat B. n wat C whicD in ih 【 212 天津】 7.w htot nkPro s r Smith, to t _ help wulneer havegotths faA. wh B. hsC.whom . which 【
30、 12 江西】28.By 16:3 ,_was almostclo g tim,eal he itingshad besold. A. w h B.when C.whaD. at 【201四川】 13. In oc a erear 46 stud ts， _ half ar glasses. . inwhom B. in themC.of ho. o the【 01浙江】 . We liv in an e _ _ mor iformat n aval blewih greatr ease than ver b . A. hy . wheC o whom D. o whic【201浙江】 7.
31、Elasa painter obirds and fnature, _, for sme reason, had withdrawn om alhusciety. A ichB.who . were . whom 【2012 江苏】 22. Aft r th flooing,people were suf ringnh t area， _ rg tly neddcle wate, meicine and sh l r to urviveA. w ch . who C. were D. wha 练习、定语从句一、把下列每对句子合并成含有定语从句的主从复合句：1.The fan is on ede
32、sk. Y u watit. 2 mnis in thenext room. He b ouht our text ooks hr yesteray. Themagazie mine.He has takenit way. 4. he std nts wll not p ss the a. They o t stuy hard. 5. hewoan is or gographytacher. ou saw her i the r. 6. Th leter is from my str I received yeseda. 7. Tpay wswnde l. We a it las ight.
33、. Te trainas late. It was goingto Nanni g. 9. The boy is m br he. He as ere miut go. 10. Tete is tetall.e icimbig it. 1. Here isth gr. He broter o s ths sho . 12Tha s the chid.We eelooki g t h drawing ju t now. 13. This theoy. ii te s a famous singe. 14. want to talkto th oys. Teir homework h ven n
34、nde in15.Istat the woman? He ug tr sin my class16. e used to live in bighose. In ont o it ew many anntees. 17.Theyps d a fac y. At th back ft ctoy ter ere rice ied. 1Te ldie ran to he build g O the op of it f ew afag. 9.In th eve ng they ar ve at a ill At t e fot o he h ll here as a temple. 2. S e c
35、ae itoa bigroo. n te iddl of itst d lage abl. 二、根据句子意思，在第一个空白处填入介词,在第二个填入关系代词hom 或 wih: 1. Thepron _ _ _ _I spoke justowis te man gr that I toldyou abut. 2. Te ncl _ _ _he as ritingbrok. 3.Wu Do g, _ _ weto te cncrt, enjo edt v ryuch4. Thewothings_ _Ma xws nosure were te ga a nd someof h iiom of Egl
36、ish. 5. H r bag, _ _ she ut al hr oos,hasnotbee fond. 6. hestor s out the Long Ma ch, _ is s ee mpl, arwel wr ten. 答案 1. The fanthat y u want s onthe desk.Themn rou t or textbook here yesterais in troo3. T e magai e whh hastae away i mi e4 he dntsho on t tdy ar willot pas he xam5. The wman u awi the
37、 rkour gographytacher. 6. hlette I rcived estrday from my itr7. he pl ha wsaw lst niht as wonde ul. 8Tetai which was going o a ing s lte. 9.The by who wa hre a mi ute ao i m brthr0 Thetrheiscimini quit tal.11. r s t egil who oth r woksin ths hp. 12.Thats the chi dwhosedrawinge ere ookin atjs ow.13.
38、This is the oywhoseisteris a fa s singer.1I wat talk to he oyw osehomewrk asn eenhaned in. 1. s hat the woman hse aughter i mycas? 6. He used o iv i a bihuse,n front o which gr w mananana tres. 7. They pased a fa ory， t th ac o ih there werer ce field1.Tsoldier ran to he buil ng, o th top of hih lw
39、a flag. 19.Inte eveninhey rrived aa h , a e foot of ch thews a templ20. Se ameito a ig r om, in the idle ofwhich stoodlagetble. 二、 1. to whom; 2 ih wich；3 wih whom;4. abo t hich; 5. in which; 6. of wh ch 、 Correc the mis kes inthe ollo ng snither e any: 1、He tus bout t utie where h ad vsited. 、 Egpt
40、 s a utr eris fa ous fr its yr m ds3、C na is he couwere hespent the bestpart ofhis life. 、 The days whenspntogthecnnot b ea ly frgten. 5、The hue stand at the plce that the toroasm . 、 We shii e lege wer his athteac s th re. 7、Iknothe reaso tat she looks so wrrie8、H left e th bo k, tat i vry uefulor
41、m. 9、This s te roomwicfood s ke10、Apil 5, 1 76 sthe aywhe wel neverfo get. 1、Theaname y steris ur Englisea . 2、 hestudens ar pla ng ootbal othe plagounr of Cl s wo . 1、 is isl wich I cn o fr yo. 4、Canyothin of anyone who s house was here? 1、 Tewat h thatM er hti for me ors vey w l. 16、Ths i the only
42、boohat werboroedfrm th library. 17、The day i h ad toleav rriv d t las8、 he docto who hy wantto e hae ome. 19、Do youknow he youn man whom asben coen chairman？2、 The pr stands t pace thathe tw vers mee. 21、planeis a acine cn l. 22、I soe f the bet pcueswhich hav bensold. 23、Thoe thatwat go putp yor hans. 24、This is the knife wi h that hedo tor id he operatin25、Whoi he man whom y u sid ello just now?
