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1、什么是宾语I like my teacher.（名词作宾语（名词作宾语)I enjoy playing basketball.(动名词作宾语）动名词作宾语）I decide to study hard.（不定式作宾语）（不定式作宾语）I know him .（代词作宾语）（代词作宾语）宾语是动作、行为的对象，是动作的承受者。宾语是动作、行为的对象，是动作的承受者。宾语由名词、代词、不定式宾语由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任。或相当于名词的词、短语来担任。授课：XX 我们我们 知道知道 姚明姚明We know Yao Ming 我们我们 知道知道 他他是是一个著名的篮球运动员一个
2、著名的篮球运动员We know宾语从句就是由一个句子来构成主句的宾语从句就是由一个句子来构成主句的宾语，并有一个连接词引导。宾语，并有一个连接词引导。 一 什么 是宾语从句？试比较宾宾o o宾宾o o主主s s 谓谓v vhe is a famous basketball player主主s s谓谓v v宾宾o othat连接词连接词我们我们 知道知道 他他是是一个著名的篮球运动员一个著名的篮球运动员谓谓v v主主s s授课：XX有哪些句子可以做宾语？有哪些句子可以做宾语？n1，陈述句，he is a famous basketball playern2, 一般疑问句， Will our te
3、achers attend the meeting ？n3， 特殊疑问句，which coat did you prefer?授课：XX一、连词（引导词）一、连词（引导词）一、连词（引导词）一、连词（引导词） 1. 1. 当宾语从句是陈述句时（包括肯定句和否定当宾语从句是陈述句时（包括肯定句和否定当宾语从句是陈述句时（包括肯定句和否定当宾语从句是陈述句时（包括肯定句和否定 句），连词由句），连词由句），连词由句），连词由thatthat引导，因为引导，因为引导，因为引导，因为thatthat在从句中不作在从句中不作在从句中不作在从句中不作 任何成分，也没有任何具体意思，因此在口语任何成分，也没
4、有任何具体意思，因此在口语任何成分，也没有任何具体意思，因此在口语任何成分，也没有任何具体意思，因此在口语 或非正式文体中常省略或非正式文体中常省略或非正式文体中常省略或非正式文体中常省略vvLin Tao feelsLin Tao feels (that)(that) his own team is even better.his own team is even better. vvShe saysShe says (that)(that) she wont take part in the sports meetingshe wont take part in the sports me
5、eting next Sunday. next Sunday.vvJim thoughtJim thought (that)(that) the train was like a big moving party.the train was like a big moving party.vvHe saidHe said (that)(that) he would like to see the headmaster.he would like to see the headmaster.授课：XX在在主主句句为为动动词词be加加某某些些形形容容词词（如如sorry, sure, afraid
6、, glad等等）作作表表语语时时，后后面面所所跟跟的省略的省略that的从句也可算是宾语从句的从句也可算是宾语从句vIm sorry (that) I dont know .vWere sure (that) our team will win .vIm afraid (that) he wont pass the exam .授课：XX由从属连词由从属连词thatthat引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句e.g. 1.I hear (that) _. （一小时后他会回来）2.He said (that) _. （他非常想念我们）3.The teacher told us (that) _. （地
7、球围着太阳转） he will be back in an hour he missed us very much the earth moves around the sun授课：XX练一练练一练1.This is a book.2.You like singing.3.He worked last night.4.They will go home.5.Jim has been to Beijing.6.She sings well.用以下开头与下列句子连成宾语从句用以下开头与下列句子连成宾语从句:1. I know 2. She says 3. Tell your friend （tha
8、t）授课：XX一般疑问句做宾语一般疑问句做宾语我问他我问他是否是否想去游泳想去游泳1, 改为陈述句语气，改为陈述句语气，2，用，用if/whether连接连接I ask Does he want to go swim?he wants to go swimIf/whetherI ask 授课：XX（一）（一）宾语从句的宾语从句的语序语序句子的两种语序:1.陈述句结构叫陈述语序 2 疑问句结构叫疑问语序 宾语从句必须用宾语从句必须用 _陈述语序陈述语序There is a shop near here.Is there a shop near here?授课：XX 练习：将下列句子改成陈述句语序
9、：练习：将下列句子改成陈述句语序： 1.Is there a bank near here? 2.Is it on Fifth Avenue? 3.Are they doing homework? There is a bank near here It is on Fifth Avenue They are doing homework授课：XX 4.Does she work in a hospital? 5.Did you go to Center Park?6.Do we have to wear a uniform? she works in a hospital you went
10、to Center Park we have to wear a uniformwe can wear hats in school 7.Can we wear hats in school?授课：XX由由if或或whether引导的宾语从句。引导的宾语从句。If和和whether在在句中的意思是句中的意思是“是否是否”。例如：。例如：nI want to know if (whether) he lives there.nHe asked me whether (if) I could help him.授课：XX注意一下情况只用注意一下情况只用whether，不用，不用if。1. whet
11、her引导的从句常可以与引导的从句常可以与连词连词or或或or not直接连直接连用。如：用。如： Let me know whether you can come or not. Let me know if you can come or not. 2. 当宾语从句提到当宾语从句提到句首句首时，只能用时，只能用whether引导。如：引导。如： Whether it is true or not, I cant tell. If it is true or not, I cant tell. 授课：XXn3. whether可以引导带可以引导带to的不定式。如：的不定式。如： qI don
12、t know whether to accept or refuse. qI dont know if to accept or refuse. n4. whether及其引导的成分可放于介词及其引导的成分可放于介词之后，作介词的宾语。如：之后，作介词的宾语。如： qI worry about whether I hurt her feelings. qI worry about if I hurt her feelings. 授课：XXIf 与whether 的区别1.I dont know _ he will come or not.2.I dont care of _ he is han
13、dsome.3.He wondered _ to stay here the next week.4._ he will come is not decided. 与与or not 连用只能用连用只能用whether介词后只能用介词后只能用whether与与to do 不定式连用只能用不定式连用只能用whether作主语只能用作主语只能用whether授课：XX练一练练一练1.Is he reading ?2.Do you get up at six?3.Does Tom work hard?4.Did you watch TV ?5.Will they read books ?6.Can y
14、ou sing ?用以下开头与下列句子连成宾语从句用以下开头与下列句子连成宾语从句: :1.Do you know 1.Do you know 2.I want to know 2.I want to know 3.The teacher asks 3.The teacher asks if/whether授课：XX我想知道你最喜欢那一条领带？特殊疑问句做宾语特殊疑问句做宾语授课：XX特殊疑问句做宾语特殊疑问句做宾语Which coat did you like best?I wonder which coat you like best.用疑问引导，改为陈述语气用疑问引导，改为陈述语气。我想
15、知道你最喜欢哪一条领带？Which tie do you like best特殊疑问句变成特殊疑问句变成 陈述语序陈述语序连接词就是疑问词本身连接词就是疑问词本身I wonderI wonder ATTENTIONwhich tie you like best?授课：XX8.Wheres your pen pal from? 9. Where does he live? 10.What language does she speak? 11.Why do you like pandas? Where your pen pal is from Where he livesWhat languag
16、e she speaks Why you like pandas授课：XXnDo you know where _ from?(he,come)nCan you tell me which_to the park? ( be way) he comesIs the way 授课：XX练一练练一练1.What is this ?2.What are you doing ?3.Where do you live ?4.When does he get up ?5.How did you go to work?6.Who will you play with?用以下开头与下列句子连成宾语从句用以下开
17、头与下列句子连成宾语从句:1.Do you know 2.I want to know 3. Can you tell me 授课：XX四四.宾语从句中时态的变化宾语从句中时态的变化I hear (that)Jim ( be ) a worker two years ago.Jim ( be ) an English teacher now . Jim ( cook ) dinner tomorrow .Jim ( sing )a popular song now.Jim ( be ) to the Great Wall twice . Jim ( play ) basketball when
18、 his father came back. Jim ( learn )1000 Chinese words by the end of last semester. 填一填填一填wasiswill cookis singinghas beenwas playinghad learned1.当主句是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态不作限制，当主句是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态不作限制，我们可以根据句子的需要使用任何一种时态。我们可以根据句子的需要使用任何一种时态。（需要性原则）（需要性原则）授课：XX2.2.当主句是一般过去时的时候，宾语从句必须运用相当主句是一般过去时的时候，宾语从句必须运用相应的过
19、去的某一种时态，应的过去的某一种时态，从而达到主句和从句的相互从而达到主句和从句的相互一致。（呼应性原则）一致。（呼应性原则）1) He will go to Hong Kong .2) He is sick.3) He is reading a book . 4) He has finished his work.1) He to Hong Kong .2) He sick.3) He a book . 4) HeHe said辨一辨辨一辨would go waswas reading his work.had finished 授课：XX确定从句的时态确定从句的时态(根据主句时态根据主句时
20、态)主句时态主句时态从从 句句 时时 态态连连 接接 前前连连 接接 后后一般现在时一般现在时时态保持不变时态保持不变一般过去时一般过去时一般现在时一般现在时一般过去时一般过去时一般过去时一般过去时过去完成时过去完成时一般将来时一般将来时过去将来时过去将来时现在进行时现在进行时过去进行时过去进行时现在完成时现在完成时过去完成时过去完成时授课：XX 3. 3.当宾语从句说明的是客观存在的事实或者是客观存在当宾语从句说明的是客观存在的事实或者是客观存在的真理时，就不用受到主句时态的限制，仍是用一般现在的真理时，就不用受到主句时态的限制，仍是用一般现在时态。（特殊性原则）时态。（特殊性原则）ATTE
21、NTIONHe told me (that) Summer after Spring .isI was told (that)the sun much bigger than the moon. isthe sun much bigger than the moon. no news good news.My parents told me (that)is授课：XX.Find out the mistakes and correct them.1 Could you tell me where do they live? 2 She knew that Danny is a student.
22、3 He told me that winter was colder than autumn. 4 Do you know who car it is? 找错误找错误wasiswhose授课：XX三 、宾语从句与简单句的转换（一）当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且主句的谓语动词是hope, wish, decide, agree, choose 等时，从句可简化为不定式结构。 eg: (1)I hope that I can receive your e-mail. I hopeto receive your e-mail_.授课：XX(二）当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且主句的谓语动
23、词是know, remember, forget, learn 等时，从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。 eg: (2) She doesnt know what she should do next. She doesnt know_.(三）当主句的谓语动词是ask, tell, show, teach 等时，从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。 eg: (3) Will you please show me how I can work it out? Will you please show me _.(四）当直接引语为祈使句，变为间接引语时，用ask/tell/order Sb. (
24、not) to do sth 结构。 eg: (4) A: Please be quiet. B: What did Bill say? A: He asked us to be quiet.what to do nexthow to work it out授课：XX四、否定转移 在含有宾语从句的主从复合句中，当主句的主语为第一人称，谓语动词是think， believe, guess, suppose等时，要将从句的否定词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，宾语从句的谓语动词用肯定式。 eg: (5)I dont think he will come with you. 注意：这种句子在
25、其后接附加问句时，要特别小心。 eg: (6) I dont believe he has finished the work, _? (7) He knew why Jim wasnt at school , _? 解析：例6，当主句的主语为第一人称时，附加问句的主语由宾 语从句的主语充当。 例7，如果主句的主语非第一人称时，则附加问句的主语 由主句的主语充当。has hedidnt he授课：XX宾宾语语从从句句三三要要素素引导词引导词thatthat（陈述句（陈述句 ）ififwhetherwhether（一般疑问句（一般疑问句 ） 特殊疑问词特殊疑问词（特殊疑问句（特殊疑问句) )时态
26、时态主句为一般现在时主句为一般现在时从句可为任何时态从句可为任何时态主句为一般过去时主句为一般过去时从句从句一般过去时一般过去时过去将来时过去将来时过去进行时过去进行时过去完成时过去完成时语序语序宾语从句的语序都为陈述句语序宾语从句的语序都为陈述句语序客观真理客观真理 自然现象自然现象公式定理公式定理 名言警句名言警句 时态不变时态不变七七.本课小结本课小结授课：XX1.Did you understand_? A.what she said B.what to say C.what did she said D.how she had said2.who can tell us_about
27、over there? A.what they talk B.what are talking C.what do they talk D.what they are talking3.The girl is thinking about _she will go abroad to study English next year. A.if B.what C.whether D.when4.the teacher said that_. A.the sun moves around the earth B.the earth moved around the sun C.the moon i
28、s our satellite D.the moon was our satellite5.I dont know when he _back,Please tell him the news when he _back. A.come; will come B.comes;comes c.will come; comes D.will come; will come ABCCc授课：XX6.I dont know if his uncle _.I think he _if he is free. A.will come; comes B.will come, will come C.come
29、s comes D.comes ;will come7.There is not much different between the two.I really dont know_. A.what should I choose B.which I should choose C.which should I chose D.what I choose8.No one knows_. A.which gate we have to go B.which gate we must go C.which gate do we have to go to D.which gate we have
30、to go toBBD授课：XX9Do you know _?A. where does she live B. she lives whereC. where she lives D. where she live10. His parents wanted to know what he _at that time. A. is doing B. was doing C. has done D. will doCB授课：XX12Lilys mother looked for her for half an hour, but could not find _?A.what Lily was
31、 B. what was LilyC. where Lily was D. where was LilyC11.We dont know _. - It is said that he was born in Canada.A.what he is B. when he was born C. where he comes from D. if he lives here C授课：XX13 The girls asked if they _ some food and drink with them. A. took B. take C. takes D. will take 14 Linda
32、 said the moon_ round the earth. A. travelled B. has travelled C. travels D. had travelled AC授课：XXn15. Could you please tell me _ he will come here tomorrow?n A. if B. weather C. what D. whichnA16. Could you tell me _? A. when will they leave BeijingB. when would they leave BeijingC. when they will
33、leave Beijing D. when did they leave Beijing C授课：XXDo you know _?A. where does she live B. she lives whereC. where she lives D. where she live2. His parents wanted to know what he _at that time. A. is doing B. was doing C. has done D. will doCB巩固练习：巩固练习：I从下列从下列A、B、C、D中选择一个正确选项填空。中选择一个正确选项填空。授课：XX4Li
34、lys mother looked for her for half an hour, but could not find _?A.what Lily was B. what was LilyC. where Lily was D. where was LilyC3.We dont know _. - It is said that he was born in Canada.A.what he is B. when he was born C. where he comes from D. if he lives here C授课：XX5 The girls asked if they _
35、 some food and drink with them. A. took B. take C. takes D. will take 6 Linda said the moon_ round the earth. A. travelled B. has travelled C. travels D. had travelled AC授课：XXn7. Could you please tell me _ he will come here tomorrow?n A. if B. weather C. what D. whichnA8. Could you tell me _? A. whe
36、n will they leave BeijingB. when would they leave BeijingC. when they will leave Beijing D. when did they leave Beijing C授课：XXII.改错：1.Miss Zhang asked me why was I late for school._Miss Zhang asked me why I was late for school.2.Father told me the sun always rose in the east._Father told me the sun
37、always rises in the east.3.He doesnt know that when she can come back._He doesnt know when she can come back.授课：XX.完成句子。完成句子。1. I hear (that) he _ in an hour.（ 我听说他一小时后回来。）Will be back2. He said (that) he _ very much.（他说他非常想念我们。）missed us3. Ask him _.（问问他是否能来。）If /whether he can come4. Can you tell
38、me _.（你能告诉我他在哪儿吗？）where he is授课：XX宾宾语语从从句句小小结结一一.结构结构1. 当陈述句作宾语从句时当陈述句作宾语从句时, 结构结构:主句主句+that + 主语主语 +谓语部分谓语部分2. 当一般疑问句作宾语从句时当一般疑问句作宾语从句时,结构结构:主句主句+ if(whether) +主语主语 +谓语部分谓语部分3.当当 特殊疑问句作宾语从句时特殊疑问句作宾语从句时,结构结构:主句主句+特殊疑问词特殊疑问词+主语主语 +谓语部分谓语部分二主从时态关系二主从时态关系 主句主句 从句从句一般现在时一般现在时 一般过去时一般过去时 3.(特殊特殊):任何时态任何时态 (客观、自然现象客观、自然现象)三三.语序：陈述语序语序：陈述语序时态不变时态不变时态相应变化时态相应变化 一般现在时一般现在时授课：XXThank you!44
