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1、1 现在完成时精讲和专练I.定义:表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,也可以表示过去已经开始,一直延续到现在的动作或状态II.现在完成时的结构肯定句: have/has+ done ( 过去分词 ) 否定句:主语 +have/has+not+ done ( 过去分词 )+其他. 一般疑问句: Have/Has+主语+ done (过去分词 )+其他. 简略答语 : Yes, 主语 + have/has.( 肯定) No, 主语 + havent/hasnt.( 否定) 注意:表示短暂时间动作的词,如:come,go,die,marry,buy 等的完成时不能与 for,sinc
2、e等表示一段时间的词连用。用来持续的动作或状态或表过去重复的动作,如 live,study,be,wait 等,常和 since(自从)或 for(经历)引导的词语连用。如:I have lived here for more than thirty years. 我已在此住了 30 多年。III. 现在完成时的标志1.现在完成时的含义之一是过去完成的动作对现在仍有影响, 现在完成时通常和, ever, never, twice (once), so far(到目前为止) , since,for,in the past/last few years(在过去几年) , already (肯定句)
3、, yet (否定,疑问句), just( 刚刚), before (以前) , recently(近来)等词连用说明:already 与 yet 都有“ 已经” 的意思,但 already 常用于肯定句,并用于句中。 yet 常用于否定句和疑问句,并用于句末。例如:I have already finished my homework. I haven t finished my homework yet. Have you finished your homework yet?They have left. (他们已经离开了 ,也就是说现在他们人不在这里) I have had my lu
4、nch. ( 我已经吃过午饭了 ,也就是说我现在不饿 ) I can t find my watch now. I think I have already lost it.2.过去已经开始的动作一直延续到现在, 甚至有可能继续延续下去,我们可以从动作“延续”的特性和“时间”点段的区分入手。for+时段since+过去一个时间点(过去从句)为标志注意: 1)现在完成时不能单独与过去的时间状语连用, 如 yesterday, last week, three years ago 等; 2)不能与 when连用IV. 现在完成时的用法精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结
5、- - - - - - -第 1 页,共 7 页2 A表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,强调对现在造成的影想或结果)。例如:The car has arrived. 车子来了。(结果:车子已在门口)Someone has broken the window. 有人把窗户打破了。(结果:窗户仍破着)B. 表示过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态,可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在(包括 “ 现在 ” 在内) 的一段时间的状语连用 ,如 for+ 时间段、 since+过去的时间点、疑问词how long 等。例如:My uncle has worked at this fact
6、ory for five years. 我叔叔在这个工厂工作已经五年了。Mr. Black has lived in China since 2002. 自从 2002年 Mr. Black 一直住在中国。How long have you been here? 你来这里多久了?注意:此种用法中表示持续动作或状态的动词必须是延续性动词(否定句除外) 。例如: (1)这本书我已经买了三个月了。错误: I have bought the book for three months. 正确: I have had the book for three months. (2)你哥哥参军多长时间了?错误
7、: How long has your brother joined the army? 正确: How long has your brother been in the army/been a soldier? 延续性动词与非延续性动词之间的转换leave - be away borrow - keep buy - have die - be dead begin/start - be on finish - be over fall ill -be ill get up-be up catch a cold - have a cold put on wearcome/become/go
8、- be here fall asleep - be asleep get to/ arrive/reach - be (in) get to know - know join-be a member of . (成为的一员) open -be open close -be closed 用相应的延续性动词替换短暂性动词, 句中谓语动词用现在完成时, 时间状语为 “for 时间段 ”或“since 时间点 ” 。如:He has been in the Green China for three years. He has been a member of the Green China fo
9、r three years. 他加入 “ 绿色中国 ” 已经三年了。The old man died 4 years ago.- The old man has been dead for 4 years. He joined the Party 2 years ago.- He has been in the Party for 2 years. I bought the book 5 days ago.- I have had the book for 5 days. 表示时间段的短语有 : for+一段时间 (for 2 years), since+从句(since he came he
10、re), since+ 时间点名词 ( since last year, since 5 days ago),how long; for a long time等。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 7 页3 V.现在完成时态与一般过去时态的区别1 一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情,强调动作;现在完成时为过去发生的,强调过去的事情对现在的影响,强调的是影响。I saw this film yesterday.(强调动作发生的时间是yesterday 。 )I have seen this film.(强调
11、对现在的影响,电影的内容已经知道了。)2 一般过去时和表示过去的时间状语连用,如:ago, last week/. In 2008, in the past, just now, the day before yesterday, yesterday . Then(那时),that day, one day, once( 从前) 现在完成时常和recently(近来),ever, never, twice, so far (到目前为止) , since,for ,in the past/last few years , already (肯定句) , yet(否定,疑问句), just( 刚刚
12、 ), before (以前)连用。现在完成时不与表示过去的时间状语连用。现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态,动词一般是延续性的, 如 live, teach, learn, work, study, know. VI. 比较 since 和 for since 后接时间点,for 后接时间段,试比较:I have lived here for more than twenty years. I have lived here since I was born. My aunt has worked in a company since 1949. I have not heard fro
13、m my uncle for a long time. VII.比较 have/has been to、have/has gone to 和 have been in have(has) been to. 表示“ 曾去过某地, 已经从那里回来了 ” ,可以和 ever、never、twice 等连用。have(has) gone to 表示“ 已经去了某地, 在去那里的途中或到达那里还没有回来” 。have(has) been in 表示“ 在某地呆多长时间 ” ,常与表示一段时间的状语连用,如:since, for, how long 等He went to Shanghai last we
14、ek 上周他去了上海He has been to Shanghai. 他(曾经)到/去过上海 .(但他人现在肯定不是在上海而是回来了) He has gone to Shanghai. 他已经去上海了 .(也许刚动身出发 ,也许已经到了 ,也许还在路上 ,反正他人不在这里 ) Mr. Brown has been in Shanghai for three days. 布朗先生来上海已经有三天了精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 7 页4 语法练习I.延续性动词和瞬间性动词之间的转化1.He died 10 years ag
15、o. He _ for 10 years / since 10 years ago. 2. He borrowed the book 2 weeks ago. He _the book for 2 weeks. 3. He bought the motorbike a month ago. He _the motorbike for a month. 4. He arrived here three days ago. He _here since three days ago. 5. They turned off the light 2 hours ago. The light _for
16、2 hours. 6. He left here 2 years ago. He _from here for 2 years. 7. The film began 30 minutes ago. The film _ for 30 minutes. 8. They opened the door an hour ago. The door _ for an hour. 9. They closed the door an hour ago. The door _for an hour. 10. He joined the army last year. He _ a _ for a year
17、. He _ the army for a year. It _ a year _ he joined the army. II.单项选择。( )1.The famous writer _ one new book in the past two year . . is writing .was writing .wrote .has written ( )2.Have you met Mr. Li _?. Just . ago .before .a moment ago ( )3.How long have you _ here ? About two months . . been . g
18、one . come . arrived ( )4.Our country _ a lot so far . Yes. I hope it will be even _ . . has changed ; well . changed ; good . has changed ; better . changed; better ( )5._ you _ your homework yet ? Yes. I _ it a moment ago. .Did; do; finished .Have; done; finished .Have; done; have finished . will;
19、 do; finish ( )6.We _ Xiao Li since she was a little girl . . know . had known . have known . knew ( )7.Harry Potter is a very nice film. I _ twice. . will see . have seen . saw .see ( )8.These farmers have been to the United States . Really? When _ there ? . will they go .did they go . do they go .
20、 have they gone ( )9.Zhou Lang _already _in this school for two years . . was ; studying . will ; study . has ; studied . are; studying ( )10.His father _ the Party since 1998 . .joined . has joined . was in . has been in ( )11.Do you know him well ? Sure .We _ friends since ten years ago . . were .
21、 have been . have become . have made ( )12.He has _ been to Shanghai, has he ? . already .never .ever . still ( )13.Hurry up! The play _ for ten minutes . . has begun . had begun . has been on . began 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 7 页5 ( )14.It _ ten years since he left the ar
22、my . . Is . has . will . was ( )15.Miss Green isnt in the office. She_ to the library. .has gone . went .will go . has been ( )16.My parents _ Shandong for ten years. . have been in . have been to. have gone to . have been ( )17.The students have cleaned the classroom, _? A. so they B. don t they C.
23、 have they D. haven t they( )18.has Mr. White been a member of Greener China since he to China? A. How soon, comes B. How often, got C. How long, came D. How far, arrived ( )19.His uncle for more than 9 years. A. has come here B. has started to work C. has lived there D. has left the university 二、句型
24、转换。1、He has never surfed, _ ? (改成附加疑问句)2、They have been here since 2001. ( 提问) _ have they been here? 3、The old man _ last year. He _for a year. (die) (动词填空)4、This factory opened twenty years ago.( 同义句转换 ) This factory _ for twenty years. 5、Miss Green left an hour ago. ( 同义句转换 ) Miss Green _ an hour
25、 ago. 6、Her mother has been a Party member for three years .(同义句)Her mother _ the Party three years _ . 三、汉译英。1、他昨天收到一封信。 _ 2、我父亲以前到过长城。 _ 4、她去过上海。 _ 5、他这些天上哪儿去了?_现在完成时练习:一、 单项选择。10、_ you _ your homework yet ? Yes . I _ it a moment ago . A.Did ; do ; finished B.Have ; done ; finished C.Have ; done ;
26、 have finished D.will ; do ; finish 11、 His father _ the Party since 1978 . A. joined B. has joined C. was in D. has been in 12、Do you know him well ? Sure .We _ friends since ten years ago . A. were B. have been C. have become D. have made 21.When he arrived at the bus stop, the bus _ for 20 minute
27、s. A. has left B. had left C. has been away D. had been away 22. I _ the League for 5 years so far. A. joined B. have joined C. have been in 23.The factory _ since the February of 1988. A . has been open B. has opened C. was open D. opened 24.Mary and Rose _friends since they met in 2000. 精选学习资料 - -
28、 - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 7 页6 A. have made B. have been C. made D. have become 26.The meeting _ for a week now. A. has finished B. has ended C. has been over 27.Miss Gao _ this school for nearly 5 years. A. has been in B. has come to C. has taught 30. How long _ he _ ? A. died B. h
29、as, died C. has, been dead 31. He _ at eight yesterday afternoon. A. slept B. was sleeping C. has sleep D. had slept 32.He _ the car for a week. A. bought B. has bought C. has had 33.-How long _ you _ ill ? -Two weeks. A. did fall B. have, fell C. have, been 35.Ill lend you the book , but you can on
30、ly _ it for 2 days. A. borrow B. keep C. take 40.- How long can I _ the book? - Two weeks. A. borrow B. lend C. get D. keep 二、 句型转换。1、He has never surfed, _? (改成反意疑问句)4、This factory opened twenty years ago.( 同义句转换 ) This factory _ for twenty years. 6、Her mother has been a Party member for three year
31、s .(同义句)Her mother _ the Party three years _ . 7、The Green Family moved to France two years ago. ( 同义句转换 ) _ two years _ the Green family moved to France. 一、用过去时或现在完成时填空:1. “_ you _ (have) lunch ?” “Yes. ”“When _ you _ (have) it?”“I _ (have) it at 12:00.”2. “_ you _ (write) a letter to your auntyet?
32、 ”“Yes, I _. I _ (write) one last week.”3. “_ he _ (finish) his homework?” “Not yet.”4. “_ they ever _ (be) abroad?” “Yes, just once.”5. Your father _ just _ (finish) his work. 6. Your father _ (finish) his work just now. 7. Last term I _ (learn) many English words. 8. They _ (not read) the interest
33、ing books yet. 9. He _ never _ (go) to the science museum. 10. _ you ever _ (drink) coke? 11.Have you _ (buy) a dictionary? “ “Yes, I _ .”“Where_ you _(buy) it?” “ I _(buy) it in a bookstore.”“When _ you _ (buy) it?” “ Yesterday.”二、用 since和 for 填空1. _ two years 2._ two years ago 3. _ last month 4._
34、1999 5._ yesterday 6. _ 4 oclock 7. _ 4 hours 9. _ we were children 11._ she left here 12. He has lived in Nanjing _ the year before last. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 7 页7 13. Ive known him _ we were children.14. Our teacher has studied Japanese _ three years. 15. She has be
35、en away from the city _ about ten years. 16. Its about ten years _ she left the city.三、用 have/has been to/in, have gone to 及 go的各种形式填空。1) Where is Jack? He _ his country. 2) David _ the park just now. 3) John _ England since he came back. 4) How long _ have _ this village? 5) The Smiths _ Beijing fo
36、r years. 6) _ you ever _ America? - Yes, I _ there many times. 7) I _ this school since three years ago. 8) Where is Jim? He _ the farm. 9) When_ he _? He _ an hour ago. 10) Would you like to _ the zoo with me? -Yes, but I _ there before. 11) Where _ you _ now? - I _ the zoo. 12) He often _ swimming
37、. 13) _ you _ there last year? 14) _ they often _ skating in winter? 四、综合练习 : I. 用 never, ever, already, yet, for, since 填空1. I have _ seen him before, so I have no idea about him. 2. Jack has _ finished his homework _ an hour ago. 3. Mr. Wang has taught in this school _ ten years. 4. “Have you _ seen the film?” “No, I have _ seen it.”5. “Has the bus left _?” “Yes, it has _ left.”精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页,共 7 页