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1、辽宁省辽宁省英语英语第第39讲阅读理解讲阅读理解 在近3年辽宁各地市的中考试题中，阅读理解大多数地方均为4篇，在形式上以选择型(4选1)为主要类型，并且大部分地区都会涉及一定量的图画或表格，以增强试题的趣味性。各地话题涉及广泛，文体以记叙文和说明文为主，少量涉及议论文，词数均在200左右。记叙文的话题以故事类为主，包括教育故事、情感故事、哲理故事等，以道德教育为目的，每年至少有2篇涉及该话题，约占阅读理解所有考查话题的50%。预计2016年仍会涉及该话题。广告图表类阅读理解的考查约占阅读理解所有考查话题的25%。这类话题一方面增加了试题的趣味性，另一方面贴近生活实际，能教会学生一些英语在生活中
2、的运用。分析近三年辽宁试题可知，广告图表类涉及较多的是34组不同的小广告或图表组合，也会偶尔涉及某一个海报或某一则信息，所涉及的内容多贴近人们的社会生活，或是一些奇闻轶事。预计2016年仍会涉及该形式。说明文以介绍类为主，包括饮食健康、咨询建议、文化风俗、科普知识、社会热点、人物介绍、广告信息等，内容涉及广泛，以了解知识为目的。每年中考试题中至少有1篇涉及该话题，约占阅读理解所有考查话题的25%。预计2016年仍会涉及该话题。中考英语“阅读理解”题主要是考查考生综合运用所学语言知识的能力。很多同学在做题时常常有一种“读得懂做不对”的感觉。那么有必要对阅读理解这种题型及其解题技巧作一些简要的分析
3、。从近几年的中考阅读理解情况看，短文体裁多样，题材各异，文章涉及科学知识、社会文化、政治历史、人文环境和日常生活等方面，充分体现其时代性、实用性。短文难度逐年加大。常见题型有主旨题、细节题、推断题、猜测词义题和判断正误题。做阅读理解练习应先看问题，弄清考点。在阅读短文之前，快速浏览问题，以便在阅读短文时做到心中有数，快速、准确地捕捉所需信息。其次要注意先易后难。做题时不必拘泥于书中所呈现的语篇顺序，应遵循先易后难的原则。如可先做细节题再做推断题，因为细节题大多能直接从文中找到答案，而推断题则需对短文进行深层理解，再作判断。 (一)主旨概括题主旨题主要考查学生对短文中心思想或作者意图的掌握。做此
4、类题时，应通读全文，理解文章大意，充分理解主题句的意义。短文往往围绕主题句展开，主题句通常出现在短文第一句或最后一句。主旨大意题主要的设问方式有：Whats the main idea of this passage?What does the passage mainly tell us?What does the passage mainly discuss?The writer means to tell us that _.The main idea of the passage is that _.The passage is mainly about _.From the pass
5、age we can learn/conclude that _.The last paragraph is chiefly concerned with _.Whats the best title for the passage?What would be the best title for the passage?The best title for the passage is _. (二)细节理解题细节题是用来进一步表达主题，体现中心思想的，往往针对短文某个细节来设题。做此类题时，应快速捕捉信息，可能是一些事例、数字等，阅读时要有针对性。细节理解类题目常见的设问方式有：Which
6、of the following is true/false/mentioned?What does the writer pay the least attention to?Choose the right order of the events given in the passage.All of the following statements may be true/false except _.Which of the following is not the result of.?Which of the following best characterizes the mai
7、n feature of.?【例1】(2015，辽阳) It was Sunday.I had one last patient to see.I reached her room in a hurry and stood at the doorway.She was an old woman，sitting in the chair，trying to put socks on her feet.I spoke quickly to the nurse and had a look at her chart noting (病历表)I stood looking down at her.“C
8、ould you help me to put on my socks？” she asked.I didnt answer，but I said something like this，“How are you feeling？Your sugar and blood pressure were high but they are better today.The nurse mentioned you are anxious (渴望的) to see your son whos visiting you today.Its nice to have a family visit from
9、faraway.I think you really look forward to seeing him.”She stopped me with a serious voice，“Sit down，doctor.This is my story，not your story.” I was surprised and embarrassed (尴尬的)I sat down.I helped her with the socks.She began to tell me that her only son lived around the corner from her，but she ha
10、dnt seen him for five years.She believed that the stress caused her health problems.After hearing her story and putting on her socks，I asked if there was anything else I could do for her.She shook her head and smiled.All she wanted me to do was to listen.I often thought of what the woman taught me a
11、nd I reminded myself of the importance of stopping，sitting and listening.The storyteller should be listened towithout interruptionI believe in the power of listening.I know that healing (康复) takes place when someone stops，sits down and listens.【文章大意】本文通过讲述一位医生与一名患者之间的经历，让人懂得倾听是一剂良药。1The old woman wa
12、s my _.AdoctorBfriendCpatientDnurse【解析】细节理解题。从第一段第二句I had one last patient to see.和第四句She was an old woman.可知，这位老人是我的病人。答案：_C_2I _ the old woman when I saw her at first.Adidnt listen to Bcarefully looked overCknew a lot about Doffered help to【解析】细节理解题。从第三段开始She stopped me with a serious voice，“Sit d
13、own，doctor.This is my story，not your story.”可知，起初医生只顾自己夸夸其谈，而没有倾听患者的心声，引起了患者的不满。答案：_A_3The old woman lived a(n) _ life.Afantastic Beasy Chappy Dlonely【解析】推理判断题。从第二段中The nurse mentioned you are anxious to see your son whos visiting you today.可知，她急切地想见到儿子。另外从第三段中She began to tell me that her only son
14、lived around the corner from her，but she hadnt seen him for five years.可知，她五年没见到自己的儿子。所以她过的是一种很孤单的生活。答案：_D_4The underlined word “interruption” means _.A打动 B打岔 C打乱 D打击【解析】猜测词义题。根据倒数第二段最后一句：The storyteller should be listened towithout interruption.可知，讲述者应该被倾听，不应被打断、打扰。答案：_B_5Which is the best title (题
15、目) of the passage？_.AWe should be thankful to othersBThe real meaning of loveCListening is powerful medicineDHelping others is necessary【解析】主旨大意题。通过文章中医患之间的对话可知，作者希望人们之间多一些倾听，因此C项最恰当。另外，其他三个选项的主题分别是感恩、爱和助人，和主题不符，因此排除。答案：_C_If you are hungry，what do you do？Get your favorite meal and stay quiet after
16、that？Just like your stomach，your mind is hungry，too.But it never lets you know，because its busy thinking about your dream lover，favorite star and many such things.So your brain just pays attention to your needs and never lets itself grow.When your mind stops growing，your creativity (创创造力造力) ) stops，
17、too.This is why we all sometimes think “What happens next？”，“Why cant I think？”，“Why am I always given the difficult problems？” Well，this is because we always use our brain for meaningless (无意无意义义的的) ) things.Hunger of the mind can be actually satiated (满满足足) ) through reading.Because reading has be
18、en the most educative (教育的教育的) tool used by us from the childhood.You have a large number of books，they will answer all your “How to？” questions.When you read a book，you just dont run your eyes through the lines，but even your mind explains it to you.The interesting part of the book is always stored
19、in your mind.The more books you read，the wider your mind will open up.Also，this improves your creativity.Actually，I used to have trouble in speaking English well，but as I read，I have made great progress.So join me and give food for your mind by reading，reading and more reading.Now what are you waiti
20、ng for？Go，get a book，and let me know!1From this passage，we sometimes have trouble thinking because _ _Awe eat too muchBwe dont have a good sleepCwe think of too many meaningless thingsDwe are too busy2We could _ _ when our mind is hungry.Aeat a big meal Bread a bookCwatch TV Dchat with friendsCB3The
21、 passage mainly tells us that reading can _ _Abring us some problemsBmake us think of meaningless thingsCget your favorite mealDopen up your mind4According to the passage，we can remember the _ _ part when we read a book.Aeducative BinterestingCmeaningless DdifficultDB5We can know that the writer _ _
22、Agives food to some peopleBwaits for someone to learn a languageCencourages people to read more booksDstops speaking English【文章大意】本文主要说明了读书对人的影响【文章大意】本文主要说明了读书对人的影响，号召人们多读号召人们多读书。书。1C【解析】本题是细节理解题。第一段末句说明了答案。【解析】本题是细节理解题。第一段末句说明了答案。2B【解析】本题是细节理解题。由第二段第一句【解析】本题是细节理解题。由第二段第一句“思想的思想的饥饿完全可以通过读书来满足饥饿完全可以通
23、过读书来满足”，可知应选可知应选B。C3D【解析】本题是细节理解题。第二段倒数第二句【解析】本题是细节理解题。第二段倒数第二句“The more books you read，the wider your mind will open up.”说明应选说明应选D。4B【解析】本题是细节理解题。第二段倒数第三句【解析】本题是细节理解题。第二段倒数第三句“The interesting part of the book is always stored in your mind.”说明了答说明了答案。案。5C【解析】本题是细节理解题。可由末段第二句【解析】本题是细节理解题。可由末段第二句“So j
24、oin me and give food for your mind by reading.”等句可知应选等句可知应选C。 (三)推理判断题推断题就是根据某个事实推断结论的题型，主要考查学生的理解力和推断力。这类推断通常包括：数据事实推断、常识推断以及作者的写作目的、态度和倾向等的推断。做此类题时，应根据短文中的相关语句，对与事实有关的细节加以分析，找出线索，悟出字里行间的意思，反复比较，从而作出合乎逻辑的判断。推理判断题主要的设问方式有：It can be inferred/concluded/seen from the passage that.Which of the following
25、 conclusions can we draw according to the passage?The writer suggests that.The writer uses the example of.to show that.Whats the writers attitude toward.?Whats the writers purpose of writing the passage?From the passage，we know.The writer probably agrees that. (四)猜测词义题猜测词义题主要考查学生根据上下文正确判断灵活变化的词义的能力。
26、一般情况下，推断词义的题目中所出现的单词，大多数是学生未曾见过的生词，学生需要在该词出现的上下文中去寻找线索。通过阅读上下文，断定该词的真正含义，然后将这个释义代入文中，检查是否贴切，仔细比较直到得出该词的确切的含义。词义猜测题主要的设问方式有：Whats the meaning of the underlined word/phrase.in Chinese?The underlined word.refers to/probably means.The underlined word.could be replaced by.What is the meaning of.?Which of
27、 the following words can take the place of the word.?【例2】 (2015，抚顺)What do you think will happen when the traditional culture meet modern technology？Yes，the “dead” words become lively characters (人物) at once.How happy it is to enjoy these Chinese cartoons！Ma Liang is a poor boy who loves painting.He
28、 always uses his magic brush to fight against the bad people in the village.The cartoon The Magic Brush came out in 1955.A group of tadpoles (蝌蚪) are born.They try to find their mother that they have never seen.The story is very simple，but it needs complex technology to show the artistic style of in
29、k (水墨) painting.Little Tadpole Looking for Mom was watched in 1961 first.The Monkey King：Uproar in Heaven (19611964) is Chinas first color cartoon.It is from the Chinese novel Journey to the West.Its successful.Not only we but also many westerners like the great monkey Sun Wukong.To beat two bad per
30、sons，an old man grows 7 calabashes (葫芦)，and they change into 7 boys.They try their best to beat the bad.Calabash Brothers (1986) is a masterpiece (杰作) of Chinese papercutting art.【文章大意】这篇短文图文并茂地介绍了四部中国传统文化与现代科技结合而成的动画片：神笔马良小蝌蚪找妈妈大闹天宫和葫芦兄弟。1_ show the artistic style of ink painting.AThe Magic BrushBL
31、ittle Tadpole Looking for MomCThe Monkey King：Uproar in HeavenDCalabash Brothers【解析】细节理解题。根据第二个表格中.show the artistic style of ink painting.可知小蝌蚪找妈妈展示了水墨画的艺术风格。答案：_B_2What does the underlined word “complex” mean in Chinese?A重复的 B复杂的 C杂乱的 D冗长的【解析】词义理解题。根据第二个表格中The story is very simple，but it needs com
32、plex technology to show the artistic style of ink painting.可知展示水墨画艺术风格的动画片需要复杂的艺术。答案：_B_3The Monkey King：Uproar in Heaven is _.Athe first film in ChinaBonly loved by ChineseCthe first color cartoon in ChinaDloved by all the westerners【解析】细节理解题。根据第三个表格中Uproar in Heaven is Chinas first color cartoon.可
33、知答案。答案：_C_4Which is TRUE according to the passage?AMa Liang punished the villagers with his brush.BLittle Tadpole Looking for Mom came out in 1964.CThe Monkey King is from a Chinese novel.DCalabash Brothers is from Chinese clay art.【解析】本题考查对文章信息的综合推理判断能力。采取逐项分析排除法。根据第一个表格中He always uses his magic br
34、ush to fight against the bad people in the village.可知马良用画笔惩罚坏人，选项A是错误的；根据第二个表格中Little Tadpole Looking for Mom was watched in 1961 first.可知选项B是错误的；根据第三个表格中It is from the Chinese novel Journey to the West.可知选项C是正确的；根据第四个表格中Calabash Brothers is a masterpiece of Chinese papercutting art.可知选项D是错误的。答案：_C_
35、5From the passage，we can learn something about _.Afamous people BChinese inventionsCtraditional food DChinese cartoons【解析】主旨大意题。分析短文可知这四部作品都是中国动画片。答案：_D_Four years ago when I was a boy of 11，I got into the biggest trouble as a kid.It was a Saturday morning.Both my parents were out，leaving me and my
36、10monthold sister home alone.Anyway，my sister was still asleep in her room.In fact I had the house to myself.I decided to do some drawing.Soon I gave up.Nothing was on TV，so I felt bored and touched the candles on the shelf.I had an idea！What would happen if I set fire to some kitchen paper？Well，of
37、course it went on fire，but it wasnt the tiny flame (火苗火苗) Id expected，and I couldnt blow it out.I threw it on the floor，and then luckily got my dads boots (靴子靴子) and stamped it outI thought I was safe until there was a HUGE hole in my room.When my mum came home later，she smelt the smoke immediately.
38、She dropped the shopping bag，luckily for me，over the hole.I thought this meant she would never see it.However，after running round the house checking for a fire，she of course picked up the bag and saw the hole.Next I was grounded (关禁关禁闭闭) ) and in trouble for months.Even worse though，the hole was sti
39、ll there，reminding me of what I did.6How old was the writer when he wrote the passage？_A11 years old. B13 years old.C15 years old. D17 years old.7The underlined words “stamp_out” in the first paragraph mean _ _A吹灭吹灭 B踩灭踩灭 C杀灭杀灭 D浇灭浇灭CB8Put the sentences in the right order according to the passage._
40、_The boy set fire to some kitchen paper.The boy did some drawing.The boy was grounded.The boy stamped the fire out.His mother checked for a fire.A BC DB9Who put out the fire at last？_ _AThe writer.BThe writer and his sister.CThe writers mother.DThe writers father.10Whats the main idea of the passage
41、？_ _AIts difficult to put out a fire.BThe boy didnt look after his sister.CThe boy made a big trouble when he was 11.DDont leave children home alone while shopping.AC【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者小时候惹的一个讲述了作者小时候惹的一个麻烦。麻烦。1C【解析】细节理解题。根据【解析】细节理解题。根据Four years ago when I was a boy of 11可知可知，作者是在作者是在15岁时写的这篇文章。岁时写的这篇文章。2B【解析】词义猜测题。根据【解析】词义猜测题。根据boots可知是踩灭可知是踩灭，故选故选B。3B【解析】推理判断题。通读全文可知选【解析】推理判断题。通读全文可知选B。4A【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知选【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知选A。5C【解析】主旨大意题。根据【解析】主旨大意题。根据Four years ago when I was a boy of 11，I got into the biggest trouble as a kid.并结合全文内容可并结合全文内容可知选知选C。
