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1、大学英语四级翻译技巧讲解.四级段落翻译的评分标准：四级段落翻译的评分标准：本题满分为本题满分为1515分，成绩分为六个档次：分，成绩分为六个档次：13-1513-15分、分、10-1210-12分、分、7-97-9分、分、4-64-6分、分、1-31-3分和分和0 0分。分。13-1513-15分分 译文准确表达了原文的意思。用词贴切，行文流畅，基译文准确表达了原文的意思。用词贴切，行文流畅，基本上无语言错误，仅有个别小错。本上无语言错误，仅有个别小错。10-1210-12分分 译文基本上表达了原文的意思。文字通顺、连贯，无重译文基本上表达了原文的意思。文字通顺、连贯，无重大语言错误。大语言错
2、误。7-97-9分分 译文勉强表达了原文的意思。用词欠准确，语言错误相当译文勉强表达了原文的意思。用词欠准确，语言错误相当多，其中有些是严重语言错误。多，其中有些是严重语言错误。4-64-6分分 译文仅表达了一小部分原文的意思。用词不准确，有相当译文仅表达了一小部分原文的意思。用词不准确，有相当多的严重语言错误。多的严重语言错误。1-31-3分分 译文支离破碎。除个别词语或句子，绝大部分文字没有表译文支离破碎。除个别词语或句子，绝大部分文字没有表达原文意思。达原文意思。0 0分分 未作答，或只有几个孤立的词，或译文与原文毫不相关。未作答，或只有几个孤立的词，或译文与原文毫不相关。.许多人喜欢中
3、餐。在中国，烹饪不仅被视为一种技能，许多人喜欢中餐。在中国，烹饪不仅被视为一种技能，而且也被视为一种艺术。精心准备的中餐既可口又好而且也被视为一种艺术。精心准备的中餐既可口又好看。烹饪技艺和配料在中国各地的差别很大。但好的看。烹饪技艺和配料在中国各地的差别很大。但好的烹饪都有一个共同点，总是要考虑到颜色、味道、口烹饪都有一个共同点，总是要考虑到颜色、味道、口感和营养（感和营养（nutritionnutrition）。由于食物对健康至关重要，）。由于食物对健康至关重要，好的厨师总是努力在谷物、肉类和蔬菜之间取得平衡，好的厨师总是努力在谷物、肉类和蔬菜之间取得平衡，所以中餐既美味又健康。所以中餐既
4、美味又健康。 Many people enjoy Chinese food. Cooking is looked upon as an art as well as a skill in China. A carefully prepared Chinese dish is not only delicious to eat but also beautiful to look at. Cooking techniques and ingredients vary widely across the country. But good cooking does have something i
5、n common. it always takes into account color, flavor, taste and nutrition. As food is vital to health, good cooks always strive to strike a balance between grains, meats and vegetables, so Chinese dishes are both delicious and healthy. .1414分参考分参考译文文 Many people enjoy Chinese food. In China, cooking
6、 is not only viewed as a skill but also regarded as a form of art. A carefully-prepared Chinese dinner can be both tasty and good looking. While cooking skills and ingredients differ largely from place to place in China, fine cooking always has something in common, that is the consideration of color
7、, flavor, taste and nutrition. Since food is vital to the health, a fine cook is always trying to achieve a balance between cereals, meat and vegetables. Therefore, re, thethe Chinese Chinese food food is is both both delicious delicious and and healthy. healthy. （红红色色字字体体为为有有错误部分）错误部分） 评语：评语： 本本译译文
8、文用用词词贴贴切切，行行文文流流畅畅，注注意意到到了了句句式式的的变变化化以以及及衔衔接接词词的的使使用用。属属于于13-1513-15分分分分数数档档的的高高分分翻翻译译. 1111分参考分参考译文文 Many people like Chinese food. In china, cooking is regarded not only as a kind of skill but also as a kind of art. Chinese food, which is prepared carefully, is both delicious and good looking. Coo
9、king skills and ingredients differ greatly from place to place in China. However, good cooking shares one thing in common: color, taste, feel and and nutrition are always under consideration. Since food is of vital importance to health, good cooks are always trying to be balanced with grain, meat, a
10、nd vegetables. As a result, Chinese food is delicious and healthy. 评语： 本本译译文文表表达达了了绝绝大大部部分分原原文文的的意意思思，文文字字通通顺顺连连贯贯，用用到到了了复复杂杂句句式式，显显示示出出了了较较强强的的语语言言功功底底。属于属于10-1210-12分分数档的翻译。分分数档的翻译。 .8分参考译文分参考译文 Many people love Chinese food. In China, cooking is not only regarded a kind of skill, but also art. We
11、ll-prepared Chinese dishes taste good besides good look. There is a big different in cooking skills and ingredients between different parts of China. But one thing which is common in good dishes is that they all consider about the color, the tasting and the nutrition. As food is so important to heal
12、th, good cookers always try to make a balance between corn, meat and vegetables. As a result, Chinese dishes are delicious and healthy. （划线句为正确句）（划线句为正确句） 评语：评语： 译译文文基基本本表表达达原原文文意意思思，但但用用词词欠欠缺缺，语语言言错错误误相相当多，且其中很多属于重大语言错误，所以归为当多，且其中很多属于重大语言错误，所以归为7-9分档。分档。 .5分参考译文分参考译文 Many people like Chinese food.
13、Cooking is not only a skill but also it is a kind of art. It is delicious and beautiful that Chinese meals carefully prepared. It is differently in cooking and material beside in Chinese. But, good meals have a common point which color, teast and nutrition are though about. Then a good cooker is alw
14、ays trying their best to balance it from meat vegetables and so on. Therefore, Chinese meals are delicious and heathy. （划线句为正确句）（划线句为正确句） 评语：评语： 译译文文仅仅表表达达一一部部分分原原文文意意思思。存存在在用用词词不不准准确确，语语言言错错误误多多等等问问题题。所所以以定定位位为为4-6分分档译文。档译文。. 2分参考译文分参考译文 Many people like China food. In China, not only a technolege
15、make food, and also an artist. Good food is eated fine and seems fine. How make food and make the food need what is defferent in defferent place in China. But make good food just only think the foods colour teste, feel make people and nutrition. Food is importand for health, so good people that make
16、 food is use more power for better on meat and vagitable, so Chinese food is taste good and more health. 评语：评语： 本本译译文文没没有有一一个个正正确确的的句句子子，全全部部都都存存在在严严重重语语法错误。本译文为法错误。本译文为2分译文。分译文。 0分分 未未作作答答或或者者只只有有几几个个孤孤立立的的词词，或或与与原原文文毫毫不不相相关关的的摘摘抄抄为为0分分。在在此此处处需需要要特特别别指指出出的的是是，学学生生通通过过关键词关键词中餐中餐，好吃好吃等创作的作文，也不给分。等创作的
17、作文，也不给分。.段落翻译解题步骤段落翻译解题步骤1.1.通读全段，确定时态和基本句型（拆分，从句，同位语，非通读全段，确定时态和基本句型（拆分，从句，同位语，非谓语）谓语）2.2.分析分析汉语句子汉语句子主干主干，找出主语、谓语、宾语及其他成分，找出主语、谓语、宾语及其他成分3.3.确定单词和短语的翻译确定单词和短语的翻译4.4.表达句子，字迹工整，划线涂改表达句子，字迹工整，划线涂改5.5.校对翻译内容，除关注校对翻译内容，除关注是否漏译是否漏译外，尤其注意：外，尤其注意：可数名词复数，谓语第三人称单数可数名词复数，谓语第三人称单数简单词拼写错误简单词拼写错误是否用逗号连接两个句子是否用逗
18、号连接两个句子在没有并列关系的句子中是否有且只有一个谓语（两个动词在没有并列关系的句子中是否有且只有一个谓语（两个动词之间有没有不定式符号之间有没有不定式符号toto）“有有”的意思是否表达准确（的意思是否表达准确（havehave，there bethere be，withwith）主谓是否搭配（主语是否能够发出谓语的动作，需不需要改主谓是否搭配（主语是否能够发出谓语的动作，需不需要改成被动语态）成被动语态）单词词性单词词性.中文中文“逗号逗号”后面信息的表达后面信息的表达 汉语中的句号，译成英文后仍为句号；汉语中汉语中的句号，译成英文后仍为句号；汉语中的逗号在翻译成英文后，可将后面的信息处
19、理为：的逗号在翻译成英文后，可将后面的信息处理为：非谓语动词结构非谓语动词结构状语状语介词短语结构介词短语结构定语从句结构定语从句结构或将后面句子用或将后面句子用andand连接，写出完整句子连接，写出完整句子若逗号前后的信息时态不同或主语不一致，若逗号前后的信息时态不同或主语不一致，可将其分成两个独立的句子可将其分成两个独立的句子.中文中文“逗号逗号”后面信息的表达后面信息的表达 20112011年年3 3月日本核电站事故后，中国的核能开发停月日本核电站事故后，中国的核能开发停了下来，中止审批新的核电站，并开展全国性的核了下来，中止审批新的核电站，并开展全国性的核安全检查。安全检查。Chin
20、aChinas nuclear energy development stopped s nuclear energy development stopped after the nuclear power station accident after the nuclear power station accident inin Japan Japan inin March,2011. March,2011. The approval The approval of new of new nuclear power plants nuclear power plants was suspen
21、dedwas suspended, and , and thethe nationwide nationwide inspectioninspection of nuclear energy of nuclear energy safety safety startedstarted. .注：注：1.1.主语不一致，分成两句。主语不一致，分成两句。2.2.补充介词补充介词3.3.无主句译成被动语态，或把宾语用作主语无主句译成被动语态，或把宾语用作主语4.4.由下文可知，由下文可知，“中止中止”只是暂停，要意译。只是暂停，要意译。.无主语句子的翻译无主语句子的翻译在分析汉语句子结构时，若发现无主
22、语，或根据上下文推断主在分析汉语句子结构时，若发现无主语，或根据上下文推断主语，或可采取三种句型：语，或可采取三种句型：there bethere be句型；被动语态；形式主语句型；被动语态；形式主语（it is + adj.+ to do sth.)it is + adj.+ to do sth.)小孩满周岁的那天，有抓周的仪式。小孩满周岁的那天，有抓周的仪式。When the baby is one-year old, When the baby is one-year old, there is there is a ritual a ritual called One-Year-Old
23、 Catch.called One-Year-Old Catch. 定语的翻译定语的翻译 汉语是头轻脚重的语言。汉语是头轻脚重的语言。“的的”字结构中，字结构中，“的的”字前面的信息大多数是定语，后面的名字前面的信息大多数是定语，后面的名词则是中心词。英语是头重脚轻的语言。在译词则是中心词。英语是头重脚轻的语言。在译成英语时，成英语时， 要调整语序，要调整语序，注意中心词在中间，注意中心词在中间，单词式的定语一般放在中心词之前，短语、动单词式的定语一般放在中心词之前，短语、动词或句子一般放在中心词后面（名词词或句子一般放在中心词后面（名词+of+of结构，结构，或定语从句）或定语从句） . 定
24、语的翻译定语的翻译 长城长城/作为世界上最伟大的奇观之一，作为世界上最伟大的奇观之一，是是古代中国古代中国/在不同时期在不同时期/为抵御为抵御北方北方/ /游牧民族游牧民族/ /侵袭侵袭而修筑而修筑的的/规模浩大的规模浩大的/军事工程的军事工程的/统称统称。 The Great WallThe Great Wall, one of the greatest wonders , one of the greatest wonders in the world, in the world, is the general name is the general name ofof a series
25、a series ofof large-scale military constructions large-scale military constructions builtbuilt atat different times different times inin ancient China ancient China toto defend defend against the invasion against the invasion ofof nomadic tribes nomadic tribes from from the north.the north. 注：注：1.1.
26、确定句子主干确定句子主干2.2.划分修饰语划分修饰语.中英文的差异中英文的差异汉语词汇与英语词汇不能一一对应，汉译英汉语词汇与英语词汇不能一一对应，汉译英时应避免字面翻译，以意译为主。时应避免字面翻译，以意译为主。一些一些为接受更好教育为接受更好教育而而转往城市上学转往城市上学的学生的学生如今又如今又回到了回到了本地农村本地农村学校就读学校就读。Some students who have Some students who have transferred to transferred to urban schoolsurban schools for better education fo
27、r better education nownow return to return to local rural local rural schoolsschools again.again.中英文的差异中英文的差异 英语多变化，汉语多重复英语多变化，汉语多重复农历正月十五是中国传统的元宵节。正月是农历的第一个农历正月十五是中国传统的元宵节。正月是农历的第一个月，又称月，又称“元月元月”，古人称夜为，古人称夜为“宵宵”，所以正月十五又所以正月十五又被成为元宵节被成为元宵节。赏灯是元宵节的传统习俗，。赏灯是元宵节的传统习俗，这一习俗这一习俗是从是从汉朝开始的。汉朝开始的。The 15The 1
28、5thth day of the first lunar month is the day of the first lunar month is the traditional Chinese Lantern Festival. traditional Chinese Lantern Festival. It is so It is so called becausecalled because the first lunar month is called the first lunar month is called “YuanYuan” month and in the ancient
29、 times people month and in the ancient times people called night called night “XiaoXiao”. It is a traditional custom . It is a traditional custom to admire lanterns at the festival, to admire lanterns at the festival, which which started started from the Han dynasty.from the Han dynasty.中英文的差异中英文的差异
30、汉语的连接方式呈隐形汉语的连接方式呈隐形，即连接词很少出现，即连接词很少出现或不出现，这体现为或不出现，这体现为 意合意合; ; 而英语的连接方而英语的连接方式呈显性式呈显性，即连接词出现，体现为形合。这，即连接词出现，体现为形合。这一差异导致了中英文一差异导致了中英文组句方式的不同组句方式的不同： 汉语汉语动词多，短句多，动词多，短句多，呈链状呈链状； 英语英语常按句内主常按句内主次从属关系排列，在句子主体上次从属关系排列，在句子主体上 添加修饰语添加修饰语以及限定语，形成严谨的以及限定语，形成严谨的树状结构树状结构。.中英文的差异中英文的差异这些资金这些资金用于改善用于改善教学设施、教学设
31、施、购买购买书籍，书籍，使使1616万多所中小学万多所中小学受益受益。All these funds All these funds areare us useded toto improve improve teaching facilities teaching facilities andand purchase books, purchase books, from which from which more than 16 000 middle and more than 16 000 middle and primary schools have gained benefits.p
32、rimary schools have gained benefits.注：注：根据上下文，从句中应使用完成时根据上下文，从句中应使用完成时.中英文的差异中英文的差异正确安排基本框架正确安排基本框架电子商务的电子商务的世界使得消费者世界使得消费者无需离开舒适的家就无需离开舒适的家就能够在数以千计的网店能够在数以千计的网店购物购物，并且完成付款并且完成付款。The world The world of electronic commerce of electronic commerce enables enables consumers to shopconsumers to shop at t
33、housands of online at thousands of online stores stores and pay and pay for their purchases without for their purchases without leaving the comfortable home.leaving the comfortable home.注：注：“完成付款完成付款”就是就是“支付支付”.中英文的差异中英文的差异正确安排基本框架正确安排基本框架除夕那天，除夕那天，每家都会每家都会在门上在门上贴上贴上红纸写的红纸写的春春联联。On the eve of the Sp
34、ring Festival, On the eve of the Spring Festival, every household will pasteevery household will paste on doors on doors a a spring coupletspring couplet written on red paper. written on red paper.注：注：“会会”需要省略需要省略.中英文的差异中英文的差异英语中只有名词结构或代词可以作主语英语中只有名词结构或代词可以作主语在一年开始的第一个月圆之夜在一年开始的第一个月圆之夜吃元宵吃元宵就是希就是希望家
35、人团圆、幸福。望家人团圆、幸福。Eating Eating “TangyuanTangyuan”on the first night on the first night with a full moon in a year is to wish with a full moon in a year is to wish family members to be united and happy. family members to be united and happy. 注：注：“月圆月圆”不能译成不能译成round moonround moon.中英文的差异中英文的差异英语中只有名词结构
36、或代词可以作主语英语中只有名词结构或代词可以作主语吃汤圆吃汤圆是元宵节的另一个传统习俗。是元宵节的另一个传统习俗。It It is also a traditional custom for is also a traditional custom for Chinese Chinese to eat to eat “TangyuanTangyuan” at the at the festival. festival. 注：注：用用itit代替较长的主语放在句首，代替较长的主语放在句首，to doto do结构放结构放在后面在后面.中英文的差异中英文的差异注意特殊结构的译法注意特殊结构的译法饮
37、茶在饮茶在6 6世纪传到日本，但直到世纪传到日本，但直到1717、1818世纪世纪才才传到欧美。传到欧美。Tea drinking was introduced to Japan Tea drinking was introduced to Japan in the 6in the 6thth century while it was century while it was not not introduced into Europe and America introduced into Europe and America untiluntil the 17 the 17thth and 18 and 18thth centuries. centuries. .中英文的差异中英文的差异注意保持词性一致注意保持词性一致通过阅读，人们能更好地学会感恩、有责任通过阅读，人们能更好地学会感恩、有责任心和与人合作。心和与人合作。Through reading, people can better Through reading, people can better learn to be grateful, responsible and learn to be grateful, responsible and cooperative. cooperative. .
