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1、Long-days-journey-Long-days-journey-onto-nightonto-nightcontentsauthorintroductionplotsummarycharacteranalysisthemeanalysisAuthorIntroductionEugene Gladstone ONeill(Oct16,1888Nov27,1953)AnIrishAmericanplaywrightandNobellaureateinLiteratureHisplayswereamongthefirsttointroduceintoAmericandramatechniqu
2、esofrealismearlierassociatedwithNorwegianplaywrightIbsen,andSwedishplaywrightAugustStrindberg.HisplayswereamongthefirsttoincludespeechesinAmericanvernacularandinvolvecharactersonthefringesofsociety,wheretheystruggletomaintaintheirhopesandaspirations,butultimatelyslideintodisillusionmentanddespair.ON
3、eillwroteonlyonewell-knowncomedy(Ah,Wilderness!).Nearlyallofhisotherplaysinvolvesomedegreeoftragedyandpersonalpessimism. CareerAfterhisexperiencein191213atasanatoriumwherehewasrecoveringfromtuberculosis,hedecidedtodevotehimselffull-timetowritingplaysInthefallof1914,heenteredHarvardUniversitytoattend
4、acourseindramatictechniquegivenbyProfessorGeorgeBaker.Heleftafteroneyearanddidnotcompletethecourse.HisinvolvementwiththeProvincetownPlayersbeganinmid-1916.In1936hereceivedtheNobelPrizeforLiterature.HewasalsopartofthemodernmovementtorevivetheclassicalheroicmaskfromancientGreektheatreinsomeofhisplays,
5、suchasThe Great God BrownandLazarus Laughed. Major WorksBeyond the Horizon,1920The Emperor Jones,1920Anna Christie,1920-PulitzerPrize,1922The Hairy Ape,1922Desire Under the Elms,1925Strange Interlude,1928-PulitzerPrizeAh, Wilderness!1933onlycomedyThe Iceman Cometh,1946.Long Days Journey into Night,1
6、956Long Days Journey into NightCompletedin1942,publishedin1956Asemi-autobiographicalworkArealisticwork,dealingwithcommonpeople1956.2:firstperformedinSweden1956.11:firstperformedinBroadway,theUS,andsubsequentlymanyotherplacesintheworld1962:firstadaptedintofilm Plot SummaryTheplayis setinthesummerhome
7、oftheTyronefamily,August1912.Itbeginsinthemorningandendslateatnightonthesameday.Theworkisdividedintofour acts.Itlargelyconsistsofpainfuldisclosuresandhostileexchangesamongthefourfamilymembers,asmajorcrisesmountandfinallyswallowupthefamilyindespair.OfcentralconcernareMarysgoingbacktomorphineaddiction
8、,Jamiescontinueddescendingintoirreversibledissipation,andEdmundsdiscoverythathehastuberculosisandmustenterasanatorium. Plot SummaryAllaretorninawarbetweenloveandhate,andnooneissurewhichisthestrongeremotion.Thelongdaythusjourneysintonightwhenthetragedyofthefamilyisfinallyenacted.Lovegiveswaytohate,da
9、ytonight,andhopetodespair. Character Character AnalysisAnalysisThefourmajorcharacters:James Tyrone,thefather,afamousactor,anxioustobecomerichattheexpenseofhisowntalent;Mary Tyrone,themother,adrugaddict;Jamie Tyrone,theireldersonEdmund Tyrone,theiryoungerson. Character Character AnalysisAnalysisMaryB
10、ornintoarichfamilyInstilledbythetraditionalvaluessuchasthevalueofawarmhome,happinessratherthanmoneyaccumulation.JamesSufferedfrompovertyandtherejectionbyYankeenewEnglandersduringchildhoodMaterialsuccessisthemostimportantJamesJamesThefathermiserlinessbecamerichattheexpenseoflosinghistalentdidntsentMa
11、rytoasanatoriumatonceforherdrugaddictioncouldntgivethefamilyahomeUnsatisfiedwithMarysincompetenceasagoodwifeandindulgingherselfindrugsDisappointedwiththebrighthopesandthedepressingfactstowardchildrenthemotheradrugaddictfailedtotransitfromacarefreemaidentoahousewifedespisedloworiginandmiserlinessofJa
12、messometimesblameditwasEdmundsbirththatresultedinheraddictionescapedfromthementaltroublesandresponsibilitiesbydrugaddictiondestroyedhissonssidealofmotherhood Mary Mary Jamie Jamietheoldestsononcealikeableandbrilliantstudentsufferedalotfromhismotherspreferenceforhisbrotherandhisfathersignoranceandrep
13、rimandinganunapologeticdrunk&awomanizerfailedatmosteverythinghehastriedblamingTyronesmiserlywaysformostofthefamilyproblems. Edmund EdmundtheyoungestsonafledglingjournalistandapoethavingaspecialbondwithJamieandMary,forwhomtheyhadgreataffection.beingillwithtuberculosishavingamorbidviewoflifedistressed
14、thefamilyConflicts among Family MembersConflicts among Family MembersJamesJamieEdmundMaryDifferentvaluesystembrighthopesv.s.depressingfactsJealousyandcompetitionthemotherfailstofacetherealityandbetheexampleforthechildren;thechildrenfailedtoexpresstheirlovetothemotherMain Studying Perspectives of the
15、 Play悲剧主题、人物形象分析、艺术特色等方面：王平龙：从漫长旅程看尤金奥尼尔的悲剧意识卢玉娜：论尤金奥尼尔漫长旅程玛丽丰满的女性形象刘永杰：漫长旅程的女性主义解读何宇红：创伤记忆与自我救赎郗雪蓉：简析漫长旅程的心理表现手法之一：人物对白任燕：灵魂的梦靥奥尼尔的表现主义手法在漫长旅程中的运用梁明清：进入黑夜的漫长旅程的精神生态分析吴彩云：自我、本我、超我的矛盾与冲突：漫长旅程中詹米命运的心理分析 Theme: The Tragedy SenseThelifeoftheTyronesisatragedy.Everyonehashis/herowntragedy.James:Abuseshist
16、alentsoastoberich.Mary:Livesaspirituallyisolatedlife.JamieandEdmund:VictimsofmodernAmericanlifestyleandunharmoniousfamilylife.Allthefoursufferfromfrustrationsandwishtoescapefromtheharshreality,JamesandJamielookingforsolaceintheircups,whileMaryandEdmundseektheprotectionofthefogwhichtheyhopewouldscree
17、nthemfromtheintrusionoftheworldoutside. Reasons for the Tragic LifeThethenAmericanmaterialisticsocietyAmysteriouspower The Then American Materialistic SocietyTheMeanFather:Causedbyhismiserableandphysicallypoorchildhood,Jamesisterriblycarefulwithmoney,whichmakeshimmeanandgreedyeventohisfamilymembers.
18、(e.g.unqualifieddoctor,thebad-conditionedfreesanitarium)Seemsallthetragediescomefromhim.Materialism:therealreasonisthematerialismthatprevailsinthethenAmericansociety.Thematerialismandmoney-worshippingencouragepeopletomakemoneyineverypossibleway.(abusehistalent)Lifeisfulloftricksandtraps,thestronghun
19、ttheweak.Jamesisbothatragedysourceandavictim. A Mysterious PowerInfluencedbyGreektragedies(e.g.AgamemnonandOedipus),ONeillthinksthatpeopleslivesarepredestinedbyfate.Allthefourintheplayarecontrolledbythatmysteriouspower.Ithascreatedlotsofcausations（因果）andcoincidences,whichpreventtheirdreamsfromcoming
20、true,andfinallyleadtotheirtragicends.TechniquesUsedtoExpresstheTragedies1.Symbole.g.thefogtoMary:protectiontoEdmund:lostanduncertainty2.Streamofconsciousnessmonologuesandconfessionsaregreatlyusedintheplay3.Parallelcharacterstheparallelcharacters(thepoetDawson,andMarysfather;thesuicideofTyronesfather
21、;theservantCatherinesuncle,thedrunkard;theprostitute)makethetragediesachieveuniversalsignificance Reasons for Being FamousDisadvantages: No dramatic situation or climax; too many psychological activitiesAdvantages: acceptable length; not too many characters; easily-understandable language; universal
22、ity of the themeMore?Thanks for attention!进入夏天，少不了一个热字当头，电扇空调陆续登场，每逢此时，总会想起进入夏天，少不了一个热字当头，电扇空调陆续登场，每逢此时，总会想起那一把蒲扇。蒲扇，是记忆中的农村，夏季经常用的一件物品。记忆中的故那一把蒲扇。蒲扇，是记忆中的农村，夏季经常用的一件物品。记忆中的故乡，每逢进入夏天，集市上最常见的便是蒲扇、凉席，不论男女老少，个个手持乡，每逢进入夏天，集市上最常见的便是蒲扇、凉席，不论男女老少，个个手持一把，忽闪忽闪个不停，嘴里叨叨着一把，忽闪忽闪个不停，嘴里叨叨着“怎么这么热怎么这么热”，于是三五成群，聚在大树
23、，于是三五成群，聚在大树下，或站着，或随即坐在石头上，手持那把扇子，边唠嗑边乘凉。孩子们却在周下，或站着，或随即坐在石头上，手持那把扇子，边唠嗑边乘凉。孩子们却在周围跑跑跳跳，热得满头大汗，不时听到围跑跑跳跳，热得满头大汗，不时听到“强子，别跑了，快来我给你扇扇强子，别跑了，快来我给你扇扇”。孩。孩子们才不听这一套，跑个没完，直到累气喘吁吁，这才一跑一踮地围过了，这时子们才不听这一套，跑个没完，直到累气喘吁吁，这才一跑一踮地围过了，这时母亲总是，好似生气的样子，边扇边训，母亲总是，好似生气的样子，边扇边训，“你看热的，跑什么？你看热的，跑什么？”此时这把蒲扇，此时这把蒲扇，是那么凉快，那么的温
24、馨幸福，有母亲的味道！蒲扇是中国传统工艺品，在是那么凉快，那么的温馨幸福，有母亲的味道！蒲扇是中国传统工艺品，在我国已有三千年多年的历史。取材于棕榈树，制作简单，方便携带，且蒲扇的表我国已有三千年多年的历史。取材于棕榈树，制作简单，方便携带，且蒲扇的表面光滑，因而，古人常会在上面作画。古有棕扇、葵扇、蒲扇、蕉扇诸名，实即面光滑，因而，古人常会在上面作画。古有棕扇、葵扇、蒲扇、蕉扇诸名，实即今日的蒲扇，江浙称之为芭蕉扇。六七十年代，人们最常用的就是这种，似圆非今日的蒲扇，江浙称之为芭蕉扇。六七十年代，人们最常用的就是这种，似圆非圆，轻巧又便宜的蒲扇。蒲扇流传至今，我的记忆中，它跨越了半个世纪，圆，轻巧又便宜的蒲扇。蒲扇流传至今，我的记忆中，它跨越了半个世纪，也走过了我们的半个人生的轨迹，携带着特有的念想，一年年，一天天，流向长也走过了我们的半个人生的轨迹，携带着特有的念想，一年年，一天天，流向长长的时间隧道，袅长的时间隧道，袅结束
